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Topic: Magnetic resonance imaging

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	Magnetic resonance imaging definition - Cancer Information (Cancers, Symptoms, Treatment) on MedicineNet.com
		Magnetic resonance imaging: A special radiology technique designed to image internal structures of the body using magnetism, radio waves, and a computer to produce the images of body structures.
		The magnet creates a strong magnetic field that aligns the protons of hydrogen atoms, which are then exposed to a beam of radio waves.
		Imaging would then be like sitting in a concert hall listening to the symphony, and not only hearing but also seeing the instruments, how they play and where they are located, like organs in the human body.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=11609 (797 words)

	Magnetic resonance imaging - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Magnetic resonance imaging was developed from knowledge gained in the study of nuclear magnetic resonance.
		When the object to be imaged is placed in a powerful, uniform magnetic field the spins of the atomic nuclei with non-zero spin numbers (essentially, an unpaired proton or neutron) within the tissue all align in one of two opposite directions: parallel to the magnetic field or antiparallel.
		Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is used to generate pictures of the arteries in order to evaluate them for stenosis (abnormal narrowing) or aneurysms (vessel wall dilatations, at risk of rupture).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Magnetic_resonance_imaging (6240 words)

	Functional magnetic resonance imaging - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is the use of MRI to measure the hemodynamic response related to neural activity in the brain or spinal cord of humans or other animals.
		By magnetic labeling the proximal blood supply using "arterial spin labeling" ASL, the associated signal is proportional to the cerebral blood flow, or perfusion.
		Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRS) is another, NMR-based process for assessing function within the living brain.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/FMRI (2706 words)

	Magnetic Resonance Imaging
		Magnetic resonance imaging is also the optimal examination to detect primary and metastatic neoplasms in the spinal column, spinal cord, or paravertebral soft tissues.
		Magnetic resonance imaging, as cited previously, may reveal infections or tumors that are not detected from radionuclide scans, and MRI evaluates soft tissues in ways that scans do not.
		Magnetic resonance imaging, therefore, leaves considerable importance to such information as may be gained from other tests and, most especially, to the judgment of the treating physician.
	www.simmonsortho.com /literature/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging/magnetic_resonance_imaging.html (3328 words)

	Neuroguide.com - Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
		Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is used to visualize brain function, by visualizing changes in chemical composition of brain areas or changes in the flow of fluids that occur over timespans of seconds to minutes.
		In magnetic resonance studies, an object is put in a strong, externally-imposed magnetic field ("main magnetic field"); the spin-axes of all the nuclei in the object line up with the field, with the north poles of the nuclei pointing in the "southward" direction of the field.
		The amount by which the magnetization vector tilts away from the z-axis is controlled by the intensity and duration of the RF pulse; for example, if a 5 msec pulse at a certain intensity caused it to deviate 90 degrees from the z-axis, then a 10 msec pulse would cause a 180 degree deviation.
	www.neuroguide.com /gregg.html (1871 words)

	Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is a procedure used to evaluate blood flow through arteries in a noninvasive (the skin is not pierced) manner.
		Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is another noninvasive procedure used to assess chemical abnormalities in body tissues such as the brain.
		Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain (fMRI) is used to determine the specific location of the brain where a certain function, such as speech or memory, occurs.
	www.healthsystem.virginia.edu /uvahealth/adult_radiology/mri.cfm (978 words)

	Magnetic resonance imaging Health Guide - Health Guides Online
		Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a powerful imaging modality which produces cross sectional tomographic images similar to those produced by computed tomography (CT).
		Image acquisition is based on the physical principles of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) which is an apparently safe interaction between radio waves and certain atomic nuclei in the body when they are in the presence of a strong magnetic field.
		Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) is a technique used to evaluate flow and stenotic change in vessels non-invasively.
	www.healthguidesonline.com /Magnetic_resonance_imaging.html (988 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - magnetic resonance imaging
		MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING [magnetic resonance imaging] (MRI), noninvasive diagnostic technique that uses nuclear magnetic resonance to produce cross-sectional images of organs and other internal body structures.
		Magnetic resonance imaging in low back pain: general principles and clinical issues.
		Magnetic resonance imaging marketing and investment: tensions between the forces of business and the practice of medicine.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/m1/magresim.asp (459 words)

	Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a procedure used to produce high resolution images of the inside of the body, including the brain.
		MRI is a type of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), which is used by chemists to study the properties of molecules.
		The technique was called magnetic resonance imaging rather than nuclear magnetic resonance imaging because of the public's negative associations with the word nuclear in the late 1970's (remember 3-Mile Island?).
	neurocog.psy.tufts.edu /images/magnetic_resonance_imaging.htm (580 words)

	Magnetic Resonance Imaging - MSN Encarta
		Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), medical diagnostic technique that combines strong magnetic fields, radio waves, and computer technology to create images of the body using the principles of nuclear magnetic resonance.
		In 2003 Paul Lauterbur of the United States and Sir Peter Mansfield of the United Kingdom shared the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for their contributions to MRI technology.
		MRI is possible in the human body because the body is filled with small biological “magnets,” the most abundant and responsive of which is the proton, the nucleus of the hydrogen atom.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761579758/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging.html (576 words)

	Magnetic Resonance Imaging
		Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a sophisticated computerized imaging technique, which has been a clinical diagnostic tool since 1980.
		The MRI technique uses a strong magnetic field, pulsed electromagnetic fields known as gradients, and radio waves to excite the protons and produce the image in the region of interest.
		The magnetic resonance phenomenon has been steadily gaining in vitro application in the fields of chemistry, biochemistry, and the medical life sciences since its inception in 1946.
	www.avmi.net /NewFiles/MRI/MRI.html (588 words)

	Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
		Magnetic resonance imaging is a painless, non-invasive test that can detect the presence of blockages in the arteries of the brain and heart.
		An MRI (or magnetic resonance imaging) scan is a radiology technique which uses magnetism, radiowaves, and a computer to produce images of body structures.
		The magnet creates a strong magnetic field which aligns the protons of hydrogen atoms, which are then exposed to a beam of radio waves.
	www.becomehealthynow.com /article/diagradiology/637 (2127 words)

	BTR Directory - Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The mission of the Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Technology at Stanford is to develop innovative magnetic resonance (MR) techniques for fundamental anatomic, physiologic, and pathophysiologic studies involving animals and humans, and to serve the academic and scientific community through collaborations, education, and access to center facilities and resources.
		The goals of the Duke Center for In Vivo Microscopy (CIVM) are the development of magnetic resonance (MR) microscopy and creative application to fields as diverse as toxicology, tumor biology, embryology, histology, neurobiology, stroke, models of pulmonary disease, drug discovery, and molecular biology.
		The focus of this resource is on developing magnetic resonance (MR) methods that utilize potential advantages of ultrahigh magnetic fields for investigating human brain function, anatomy and neurochemistry, cancer detection, and cardiac physiology and biochemistry.
	www.ncrr.nih.gov /ncrrprog/btdir/MRI.asp (2735 words)

	Magnetic resonance imaging
		Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the newest, and perhaps most versatile, medical imaging technology available.
		MRI is particularly useful for imaging the brain and spine, as well as the soft tissues of joints and the interior structure of bones.
		Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is different from MRI because MRS uses a continuous band of radio wave frequencies to excite hydrogen atoms in a variety of chemical compounds other than water.
	www.healthatoz.com /healthatoz/Atoz/ency/magnetic_resonance_imaging.jsp (2712 words)

	Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The gas phase resonance in each spectrum was set to 0 ppm and arised primarily from ^129Xe in the lungs in (A) and presumably from ^129Xe in the intubation tubing in (B).
		The blood/tissue resonance are observed in the whole body spectrum (A) at 197 and 211 ppm relative to the gas resonance.
		A single blood/tissue resonance is observed in the head spectrum (B) at 195 ppm relative to the gas resonance.
	www.umich.edu /~amophys/mri2.html (585 words)

	Magnetic Resonance Imaging Information on Healthline
		Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that uses radio waves, a magnetic field, and a computer to generate images of the anatomy.
		MRI angiography is an imaging technique used to evaluate the blood vessels, for example, to detect aneurysms or cardiovascular problems.
		Because MRI does not use ionizing radiation to produce images, like x ray and CT, it is often the examination of choice for pediatric imaging and for imaging the male and female reproductive systems, pelvis and hips, and urinary tract and bladder.
	www.healthline.com /galecontent/magnetic-resonance-imaging-5 (1164 words)

	Magnetic Resonance Imaging
		Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) detects the presence of hydrogens (protons) by subjecting them to a large magnetic field to partially polarize the nuclear spins, then exciting the spins with properly tuned radio frequency (RF) radiation, and then detecting weak radio frequency radiation from them as they "relax" from this magnetic interaction.
		In the medical application known as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), an image of a cross-section of tissue can be made by producing a well-calibrated magnetic field gradient across the tissue so that a certain value of magnetic field can be associated with a given location in the tissue.
		With an increasing magnetic field as you move to the right across the sample, the spin-flip energy and therefore the frequency of the emitted signal increases from left to right.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/nuclear/mri.html (696 words)

	Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
		A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a test that uses a magnetic field and pulses of radio wave energy to make pictures of organs and structures inside the body.
		Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to find problems, such as tumors, bleeding, injury, blood vessel problems, or infection.
		Magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA) is a special MRI method that studies blood vessels and blood flow.
	www.webmd.com /hw/health_guide_atoz/hw214278.asp (2023 words)

	MRI: Viewing the body's hidden structure - MayoClinic.com
		Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a technique that uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create cross-sectional images of your head and body.
		Vascular imaging is one of the newer uses of MRI.
		Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is a noninvasive way to evaluate the arteries and veins throughout your body.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/mri/SM00035 (1209 words)

	Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Information on Healthline (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was one such early form of nuclear spectroscopy that eventually found widespread use in clinical laboratory and medical imaging.
		Because a proton in a magnetic field has two quantized spin states, NMR allowed the determination of the complex structure of organic molecules and, ultimately, the generation of pictures representing the larger structures of molecules and compounds (such as neural tissue, muscles, organs, bones, etc.).
		Groups of nuclei brought into resonance, that is, nuclei-absorbing and -emitting photons of similar electro-magnetic radiation (e.g., radio waves), make subtle yet distinguishable changes when the resonance is forced to change by altering the energy of impacting photons.
	www.healthline.com /galecontent/magnetic-resonance-imaging-(mri) (992 words)

	Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
		Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a technique that uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create cross-sectional images of the head and body.
		MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is a painless test used to view the inside of the body without using X-rays.
		Magnetic Resonance Imaging uses a very powerful magnet and radio waves to produce images of any part of the body.
	www.healthinsite.gov.au /topics/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging__MRI_ (469 words)

	Magnetic Resonance Imaging
		Magnetic Resonance Imaging does not use X-Rays (nor any other type of "ionizing" radiation).
		Instead, it is a technique that combines a large magnetic field and some radio frequency antennas ("coils").
		First, the magnetic field causes the protons in the atoms of water within the patient to all "line-up".
	rad.usuhs.mil /rad/home/mri.html (145 words)

	Elsevier Author Gateway (Site not responding. Last check: )
		MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) is the first international multidisciplinary journal encompassing physical, life, and clinical science investigations as they relate to the development and use of magnetic resonance imaging.
		Magnetic Resonance Imaging is ranked 47th out of 84 Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging title on the 2004 ISI Journal Citation Reports.
		Magnetic Resonance Imaging offers authors or their institutions the option to sponsor non-subscriber access to their articles on Elsevier's electronic publishing platforms.
	authors.elsevier.com /JournalDetail.html?PubID=525478&Precis=DESC (113 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: MRI
		Magnetic resonance imaging; Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging
		Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive way to take pictures of the body.
		The magnetic field forces hydrogen atoms in the body to line up in a certain way (similar to how the needle on a compass moves when you hold it near a magnet).
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/003335.htm (1076 words)

	Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
		Angiogram, MR Angiography, MR Magnetic Resonance (MR)-Guided Breast Biopsy
		Head MR Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) - Musculoskeletal
		Musculoskeletal MR Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) - Prostate
	www.radiologyinfo.org /sitemap/modal-alias.cfm?modal=MR (70 words)

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