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Topic: Magnetic anomaly detection

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	GLOSSARY M
		NOTE: One MAD tactic used by a low-flying aircraft was to drop a bright yellow dye marker and/or a white smoke float on the water at the point of a detected a magnetic signal (at which point the MAD operator would transmit the codeword "MADMAN" to alert other ASW forces in the area).
		MAGNETIC GRADIOMETER - A magnetic sensor configured to detect the spatial variation of the magnetic field intensity from sources external to the instrument, that is, the gradient of the magnetic field intensity.
		Magnetic sensors in a tactical missile can be used to detect and localize a target, such as a tank, from the background magnetic field variations.
	www.sew-lexicon.com /gloss_m.htm (8367 words)

	Magnetic anomaly detector - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A RNZAF P-3K Orion; the magnetic anomaly detector protrudes from the tail to minimise interference from the aircraft's avionics.
		The detection range is normally related to the distance between the sensor and the submarine.
		The Alfa's detectability has led analysts not privy to the actual workings of the MAD sensor to deduce that its very name is a form of intelligence smokescreen, so effective that the Soviet Union decided to construct the Alfa and even consider building the Typhoon class submarine SSBN out of titanium at one point.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Magnetic_anomaly_detector (639 words)

	UNDERWATER DETECTION AND TRACKING SYSTEMS Chapter 9
		A ship's magnetic field may be reduced substantially by using degaussing coils, often in conjunction with the process of "deperming" (neutralizing the permanent magnetism of a ship); but for practical purposes it is not possible to eliminate such fields entirely.
		MAD equipment is primarily used as a localization/targeting sensor by aircraft with optimum employment being by helicopters considering their smaller turn radius.
		With respect to detection in shallow water, it has already been indicated that sonar performance may be enhanced because the ocean bottom and surface boundaries act as a duct for the chan-neling of sound.
	www.fas.org /man/dod-101/navy/docs/fun/part09.htm (3209 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for magnetic
		magnetic resonance in physics and chemistry, phenomenon produced by simultaneously applying a steady magnetic field and electromagnetic radiation (usually radio waves) to a sample of atoms and then adjusting the frequency of the radiation and the strength of the magnetic field to produce absorption of the radiation.
		magnetic pole the two nearly opposite ends of the planet where the earth's magnetic intensity is the greatest, as the north and south magnetic poles.
		Soft magnetic ferritic stainless steels: magnetic stainless steels must function flawlessly in a wide variety of corrosive environments while retaining the right balance of essential properties such as saturation induction, permeability, coercive force, and electrical resistivity.
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=magnetic (641 words)

	Air Anti-Submarine Warfare ASW Sensors
		These sensors use radar to detect exposed periscopes and hull surfaces, electro-magnetic systems to intercept the radar emissions from submarines, infra-red receivers to detect the heat signatures of surfaced submarines, or Magnetic Anomaly Detectors (MAD) to sense small changes in the Earth's magnetic field caused by the passage of a submarine.
		MAD sensors are used to detect the natural and manmade differences in the Earth's magnetic fields.
		MAD sensor operation is similar in principle to the metal detector used by a treasure hunter or the devices used by utility companies to find underground pipes.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/systems/aircraft/asw3.htm (1460 words)

	Apparatus and method for measuring buried ferromagnetic objects with a high accuracy of position and in synchronization ...
		Graph showing magnetic anomaly profile of an object with mass.about.2.3 Kg; the peak signal from the object is 20 gamma, twice the typical noise level; the spatial extent of the signature from the object, above the 10 gamma level, is 1 m, which defines a sensor spacing of 0.5 meters.
		There are two important aspects to magnetic anomaly detection: first, the sensor must record a signal of sufficient strength relative to background noise to detect the anomaly, and second, the data sampling density must be sufficient to allow for a coherent representation of the anomaly signature.
		Magnetic anomaly levels are mapped to gray scale or pseudo-colors, and a wide variety of image display and enhancement tools are made available to the user.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5629626.html (12545 words)

	Anti-submarine weapon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An anti-submarine weapon is any one of a range of devices that are intended to act against a submarine, and its crew, to destroy (sink) the vessel or to destroy or reduce its capability as a weapon of war.
		A Magnetic Anomaly Detector (MAD) is a electronic receiver designed to pick up the magnetic radiation of large metal objects, such as the steel hull of a submarine.
		However, the torpedo's inherent limitations in speed of attack and detection by the target have led to the development of missile-borne anti-submarine weapons that can be delivered practically on top of the enemy submarine, such as ASROC.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Anti-submarine_weapon (2316 words)

	Magnetic Surveys (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Magnetic copper skarn, magnetic nickel ore, and asbestos-bearing serpentine associated with certain magnetic intrusive rocks have been found, using the magnetometer.
		Detection depends on the amount of magnetic material present and its distance from the sensor.
		The results of magnetometer surveys are presented to the client in a full report that generally includes magnetic profiles, and an index map showing locations of magnetic anomalies.
	www.digistar.mb.ca /minsci/finding/magnetic.htm (442 words)

	N04-T002 - Ultra-sensitive atomic magnetometer system for airborne magnetic anomaly detection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		A primary challenge in airborne MAD is achieving high field sensitivities in a low frequency range (0.04-0.5 Hz) in the environment of large magnetic noise and motion platform vibration.
		Based on the platform dynamics, optimal magnetometer operation and detection parameters will be chosen, including vector magnetometer in zero field and scalar magnetometers with high spin polarization and modulated pumping light.
		This system, combined with noise reduction algorithms, will improve standoff detection ranges to higher than 9,000 ft with a magnetic anomaly detection sensitivity of better than 1 fT. This system will also significantly extend standoff ranges for airborne unexplored ordnance detection (UXO).
	www.navysbir.com /04/90.htm (340 words)

	SwRI: Near Surface Geophysics, Magnetics: magnetic measurements are used for locating buried ferrous metals, mapping ...
		A magnetic anomaly is produced by a local disturbance in the earth's magnetic field, which arises from a local change in magnetization.
		Magnetic measurements are used for geologic mapping by detecting contrasts in the magnetic susceptibility of soil and rock.
		The observed magnetic data are fit to a 2D geologic model to interpret the location and orientation of faults in the subsurface.
	www.swri.org /4org/d20/geohydro/hydrogeo/magnetic.htm (550 words)

	UXOInfo.com Detection Technologies Page
		In the case of UXO the induced moment is proportional to the ambient earth's magnetic field assuming that the ambient field is spatially and temporally constant during the transverse of the magnetometers.
		In the transient design, a pulsed magnetic field is used as the primary and the secondary field is detected after the primary has sufficiently decayed.
		In the case of UXO detection the transient design is usually favored because it does not require the critical balancing of the primary and secondary fields.
	www.uxoinfo.com /uxoinfo/detection.cfm (1549 words)

	isio - international security industry organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Pole Detection is totally concealed and operates effectively under any type of surface: concrete roads, runways, between trees, under vegetation, under water, ice, snow and on top of walls.
		The Pole Detection unit is based on the principle of Magnetic Anomaly Detection (MAD).
		Pole Detection can also be installed under roads, runways, between trees, under vegetation, under water, ice, snow and on the top of walls, to create a concealed passive perimeter detection barrier.
	www.intsi.org /galdor.htm (902 words)

	Air Anti-Submarine Warfare - Military Aircraft
		Detection of MAD signatures occurs after the aircraft has flown over the submarine.
		Hence, a retro-rocket weapon was designed to fly backwards a short distance to the approximate position where the MAD anomaly was detected and release a depth bomb.
		IRsensors are used to detect the heat signatures that extend beyond the visible light spectrum.
	www.fas.org /man/dod-101/sys/ac/asw.htm (3839 words)

	Blimp and Airship Picture Book: Blimp War Operations
		When we detected a magnetic signal from the sub on our MAD equipment, we dropped a bright yellow dye marker and white smoke-float on the water.
		The magnetic anomaly detection equipment was originally designed for geological studies, finding mineral deposits, and locating oil fields.
		Airships were an excellent platform for carrying the MAD equipment because there was very little metal close to the magnetic detector out on the bow (front) of the airship.
	us.share.geocities.com /airships.geo/ops.html (1470 words)

	MADS Magnetic Anomaly Detection System
		MADS is the name given to the Magnetic Anomaly Detection System recently developed for parapsychological investigations.
		MADS is designed to fill that need for further evidence.
		MADS represents the most advanced system currently being used in field-based apparitional research and can also be applied to other laboratory-based studies as well.
	www.apaw71.dsl.pipex.com /MADS (225 words)

	Passive Detection Page 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Another important method of passive detection used for detecting submarines only is Magnetic Anomaly Detection, or MAD.
		The implications of the capabilities of passive detection should not be overlooked.
		Units in the main body of a formation should be kept in a passive EMCON (emission condition) state unless they are actively detected by the enemy and under attack.
	www.jcpress.com /tailhook/pass3.htm (230 words)

	Honeywell Magnetic Sensors, Magnetometers, Magnetic Field Sensing
		Honeywell magnetic sensors and magnetometers offer complete magnetic field sensing solutions, are highly accurate, and allow for easy integration for virtually any application.
		Honeywell's three-axis smart digital magnetometer (HMR) detects the strength and direction of a magnetic field and communicates the x, y, and z component directly to a computer.
		Advantages of measuring field direction versus field strength include: insensitivity to the temperature coefficient of the magnet, less sensitivity to shock and vibration, and the ability to withstand large variations in the gap between the sensor and magnet.
	www.ssec.honeywell.com /magnetic (492 words)

	Anomaly Detection
		Anomaly detection is the process of using videos and/or computers to examine scenes and find information or objects that are out of place, and thus suspicious.
		His research involves magnetic and optical components and systems, especially in the areas of information technology and security.
		Washington University in St. Louis has licensed a system developed by Washington University engineers that is meant to detect counterfeit credit cards by reading a unique magnetic "fingerprint" on the stripes of credit cards and other objects that carry magnetic information.
	news-info.wustl.edu /cat/page/normal/350.html (180 words)

	Underground Concealed Magnetic Perimeter Security Fencing
		The MBS 405 system is based on the magnetic anomaly detection principle.
		The system detect on intruder carrying any Ferro-magnetic object such small as pocket knife or carry knife, or bracing tools.
		The MBS 405 creates invisible detection screen that detects any attempt to cross or tunneling attempt under the fence line.
	www.rbtec.com /mbs405.htm (142 words)

	Association of Underwater Explorers - REMOTE SENSING: LOOKING FOR A NEEDLE IN A SEA OF HAYSTACKS
		A magnetometer is a device that measures fluctuations in the Earth’s magnetic field, or, rather, it measures the intensity of the local magnetic field.
		Since the magnetometer is sensitive to magnetic fields, it is prudent to isolate the sensor as far away from the vessel as possible, in order to avoid any disturbance from the vessel’s engines and metal hull, if applicable.
		Another advantage to using a towfish is that places the sensor in closer proximity to potential minor anomalies, such as wooden shipwrecks; distance is a critical factor in detecting magnetic field anomalies.
	uwex.us /remotesensing.html (4643 words)

	FarShores.org ParaDimensions News: Evidence Grows At 'Haunted' Castle
		These tests revealed that there is a strong and severe deflection in the Earth's magnetic field around the bed, so much so that a magnetic compass is pulled away from north by over 90 degrees.
		The anomaly can still be detected up to two metres away from the bed.
		Using a custom made device called a magnetic anomaly detection system (MADS), Dr Braithwaite found that there are also significant variations in the magnetic field around the bed.
	farshores.org /pghos185.htm (565 words)

	Dangerous Waters - The latest modern naval game from Sonalysts Combat Sims
		The ATO is responsible for targeting contacts and launching weapons (torpedoes, Hellfire and Penguin missiles) and sonobouys, deploying the dipping sonar and MAD sensors and for controlling Link data flow.
		MAD & ESM - The magnetic anomaly detection (MAD) and submarine anomaly detection (SAD) recorders as well as the Electronic Support Measures (ESM) scope share the MAD/ESM station.
		RADAR - The radar detects both surface and air contacts, although its range depends on the helicopter's altitude.
	www.scs-dangerouswaters.com /platmh60.html (551 words)

	Honeywell Magnetic Sensors - Ask The Engineer - Simple Magnetic Gradiometer
		Gradiometers are basic magnetic anomaly detectors, commonly used for metal detection.
		Magnetic fields larger than 20 gauss may require a set/reset circuit for each HMC1021S to restore performance.
		Multiple axis gradiometers may be built by replicating this circuit and using the HMC1022 or HMC1023 sensor arrays.
	www.magneticsensors.com /applications/gradiometer.html (123 words)

	The P-3 Orion
		Accordingly, the crewmembers use different systems of sensors (radar,sonobuoys, magnetic anomalies detectors) every of which ouputs data directly to the main computer that elaborates and visualizes them through many CRTs at the crewmember stations and in the pilot cockpit.
		Eliminating the need to perform mathematical calculations as well as the routine recordings, the computer has really changed the course of antisom missions, and perhaps the most important advantage is that the crew can devote exclusively the attention to the tactical situation of the moment.
		With regard to the discovery capabilities, the radar is the main sensor for monitoring of surface ships, while the sonobuoys are used for submarine hunting, in conjuction with the MAD (Magnetic Anomalies Detector) that reveals the variations of the earth magnetic field due to the presence of a submerged vessel or a wreckage.
	www.geocities.com /lucktam/awacs/orion/orion.htm (1498 words)

	Fluxgate Patents
		Magnetic anomaly and MAD are key words for this type of sensor when in a moving platform.
		Note that a total field magnetometer can not detect a change in the direction of the field only it's magnitude and so is not as useful as a vector field sensor for signature analysis.
		4059796 Second harmonic magnetic field detection circuit with means to rectify the sensed signal - three wndings, one for feedback, in newer patents the thrid winding was replaced with a cap and the sense winding was driven with the feedback DC signal
	www.pacificsites.com /~brooke/FGPat.shtml (5482 words)

	Secure AUS;Law enforcement:Bomb, GSA, counter terrorism, barriers, barricade, bollards, security consultant, security ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In any configuration, the detecting “screen face” serves as a deterrent and/or delaying obstacle to the potential intruder, while giving immediate warning of any attempted penetration.
		The system is a Passive Magnetic Sensing System, based on the principle of Magnetic Anomaly Detection (M.A.D.), using the Earth's magnetic field as the induction medium.
		M.A.D. permits SU-F3200 Multigard System to distinguish between actual intruders and stray animals, birds, a strong wind, heavy rain, fog, snow, a floating leaf or bits of paper - all of which generally trigger other underground intrusion detection systems using electromagnetic field.
	www.secureaus.com.au /perimeterintrusion.asp (738 words)

	Army Technology - Sivananda Electronics - Security Equipment, Test and Measuring Instruments. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Perimeter protection and detection is the frontline of defence and provides the first layer of protection against intrusion.
		The sensor cables are buried along borders or across pathways, passes, roads, etc where detection of an armed intruder is required.
		The BID system is based on MAD (Magnetic Anomaly Detection) and is a completely passive perimeter intrusion detection system.
	www.army-technology.com /contractors/security/sivanada (823 words)

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