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Topic: Magnetic compass

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	Navis.gr - Magnetic Compass
		A compass rose, or graduated circle, is used to measure this angle on charts.
		The magnetic field of the fluctuating currents is appreciable at the Earth's surface and may deflect a compass needle noticeably from its normal position.
		Radio 'fl-outs' and simultaneous deviations of the magnetic compass needle by several degrees are not uncommon in and near auroral zones.
	www.navis.gr /navaids/compass.htm (1560 words)

	Compass - MSN Encarta
		In the magnetic compass, directions are obtained by means of one or more magnetic needles pointing in the general direction of the magnetic North Pole under the influence of the magnetic field of the earth.
		The gyrocompass, which is unaffected by the magnetism of the earth, consists of a gyroscope, with the spinning wheel on an axis confined to the horizontal plane so that its axle aligns itself with the north-south line parallel to the axis of the rotation of the earth, thereby indicating true north.
		Unaffected by magnetism and pointing to true north, the gyrocompass is not subject to the inherent errors of deviation and variation of the magnetic compass.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761558614/Compass.html (776 words)

	Compass - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Around the time Europeans learned of the compass, traffic between the Mediterranean and northern Europe increased, and one factor may be that the compass made traversal of the Bay of Biscay safer and easier.
		Other features common on modern handheld compasses are a baseplate with rulings for measuring distances on maps, a rotating bezel for measuring bearings of distant objects, and a sighting mirror that lets the user see both the compass needle and a distant object at the same time.
		Compasses are available marked in mils - a unit of measurement commonly used by the military.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Magnetic_compass (1825 words)

	Magnetic Compass (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Magnets in the compass cause it to align with the Magnetic North Pole.
		Magnetic deviation is the difference between the compass indications when installed in the aircraft compared to the indications when the compass is outside the aircraft.
		To determine compass deviation, the aircraft is parked on a compass rose painted on a level surface such as a ramp or taxiway.
	av.uncletom2000.com /compass.htm (1287 words)

	Magnetic declination - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The magnetic declination at any point on the Earth is the angle between the local magnetic field -- the direction the north end of a compass points -- and true north.
		With a compass lacking an adjustable baseplate, a careful, well-practiced, compass user can analyse the combination of declination and task, and decide whether the declination is to be added or subtracted from the known direction to determine an unknown direction.
		Magnetic variation is the difference between True Bearings and Magnetic Bearings and is caused by the different locations of the Geographic North Pole and the Magnetic North Pole plus any local anomalies like iron deposits.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Magnetic_declination (966 words)

	Pilot's Web The Aviators' Journal - Magnetism and the magnetic copmass
		A magnetic compass is an instrument that measures the direction relative to the magnetic north pole.
		At the magnetic equator, the attraction of the compass needle towards the north and south poles is equal and the needle remains unbiased.
		As the compass is moved either north or south of the magnetic equator, the attraction to the nearest pole is increased, thus the needle will be biased towards the nearest pole.
	www.pilotsweb.com /navigate/compass.htm (1322 words)

	Compass
		Chinese records mention the magnetic compass as early as the fourth century B.C., and even then it is attributed to “ancient kings.” The compass represented on stamp was intended for fortune telling, not for determining direction.
		The spoon or ladle is of magnetic loadstone, and the plate is of bronze.
		Unlike a compass where the magnetic needle is placed horizontally to measure the direction of magnetic north, the dip circle measures the angle of the lines of magnetic force entering the earth's surface, the angle between the horizon and source of the earth's magnetic field.
	sio.midco.net /mapstamps/compass.htm (553 words)

	Magnetic Compass
		Because the aircraft compass is suspended to swing freely, it tends to align with the earth's magnetic lines of force.
		Because the poles of a compass tend to align themselves with the magnet lines of force, the magnet within the compass tends to tilt or dip toward the earth in the same manner as the lines of force.
		Compensating magnets are located within the case to correct the compass reading for the effects of small magnetic fields generated by components of the aircraft (refer to the next subsection).
	www.allstar.fiu.edu /aero/MagComp.htm (1685 words)

	Medieval Technology Pages - Compass (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Magnetized needles used as direction pointers are attested to in the 8th century AD in China, and between 850 and 1050 they seem to have become common as navigational devices on ships.
		Knowledge of the compass as a directional device came to Western Europe, probably sometime in the 12th century.
		It is reasonable to assume that the actual date of the introduction of the compass to Europe predates Neckham's note of it by a number of years.
	www.veling.nl /anne/templars/compass.html (344 words)

	Light-dependent Compass
		Data are the magnetic bearings of individual newts tested in one of four magnetic field alignments (magnetic north at north, east, south or west).
		Because the newt's magnetic compass is insensitive to the polarity of the magnetic field (Phillips 1986a), the pattern of response in a circular array of receptors (or in a single receptor that is used to sample different alignments relative to the magnetic field) is expected to be radially symmetrical.
		Evidence for a wavelength-dependent 90 degree shift in the shoreward magnetic compass orientation of bullfrog tadpoles (Freake and Phillips in prep.) similar to that observed in newts (Fig 1), suggests that the magnetic compasses of these two groups of amphibians are mediated by similar magnetoreception mechanisms.
	www.biol.vt.edu /faculty/phillips/behavlab/compass.php (1448 words)

	computersmiths - History of Chinese Invention - Invention of the Magnetic Compass
		The spoon is of magnetic loadstone, and the plate is of bronze.
		These more refined needle compasses could then be floated in water (wet compass), placed upon a pointed shaft (dry compass) or suspended from a silk thread.
		Compass markings generally had an inner circle with the eight trigrams and an outer circle with 24 directions based on azimuth points.
	www.computersmiths.com /chineseinvention/compass.htm (304 words)

	Magnetic Compass
		Magnetic Variation at any given location on the earth’s surface is the difference between the Compass North and True North.
		Since the pilot relies on the magnetic compass for direction, the pilot will be steering the aircraft relative to the Magnetic North Pole.
		Acceleration of the aircraft causes the compass to erroneously swing to the North.
	webusers.warwick.net /~u1007204/gs/compass.html (1226 words)

	HISTORY OF THE MAGNETIC COMPASS AND NAVIGATION INSTRUMENTS - SOLAR NAVIGATOR WORLD ELECTRIC NAVIGATION CHALLENGE - ...
		A compass is an instrument containing a freely suspended magnetic element which displays the direction of the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field at the point of observation.
		Magnetic compasses of a very simple kind were certainly in use in the Mediterranean as early as the 12th century.
		The magnetic field of the Earth causes a magnetized 'needle' of iron or steel to swing into a north-south position if it is hung from a thread, or if it is stuck through a straw or piece of wood floating in a bowl of water.
	www.solarnavigator.net /compass.htm (2308 words)

	Magnetic Compass
		Magnetic compasses were first made from this stone around the 5th Century AD and used in the Chinese art of Feng Shui, also known as geomancy.
		Magnetize two sewing needles by placing them in contact with a bar magnet.
		Demonstrate how a compass detects a magnetic field by positioning the bar magnet near the compass dial.
	aerospace.wcc.hawaii.edu /compass.html (433 words)

	Magnetic compass - Patent 5095631
		Many attempts have been made to obtain accurate direction measurements by means of a magnetic compass so as to largely eliminate disturbances due to the fact that such compass is located on a large ferromagnetic body such as an armored vehicle or on a battle-tank.
		The presence of a large ferromagnetic body in the magnetic field of the earth causes serious deviations in the measured magnetic field, and these are corrected by the system of the invention, in combination with the algorithm used for the computation.
		The situation is more complicated when the compass works in an inclined plane; in that case, the knowledge of the vertical magnetic field component of the Earth is also needed, in addition to two inclination angles defining the position of the biaxial magnetometer with respect to the horizontal plane.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5095631.html (3095 words)

	Compass
		The induction of remanent magnetism in iron was described in 1044, with the magnetic 'fish' being distinguished from the south-pointing carriage, which was a non-magnetic mechanical device:
		Magnetic deviation was recorded by the Chinese in the eighth or ninth century, according to Needham, and compass roses of the eleventh century certainly incorporate the necessary adjustments from magnetic to true north.
		Arabic references to the compass start in about 1232, and refer to a fish-shaped piece of iron rubbed with a magnet [Temple, p.149]; the fish shape was typically Chinese.
	www.maritimeasia.ws /topic/compass.html (1038 words)

	Magnetic Compass
		The north magnetic pole is located at approximately 78.9°N latitude and 103.8°W, over 600 miles from the geological north pole.
		The problem that's created here is that a compass will point to a direction other than true north, the difference between the two depending where on Earth the compass is. This error is called Variation, and it's the angular difference between true north and magnetic north.
		Being a magnet, your compass will be attracted to (or repelled by) iron bearing metal and other magnets (including magnetic fields created by flowing electricity).
	www.auxetrain.org /magnetic.htm (1033 words)

	Compass Endures in Marine Navigation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Today's compass, though based on the old principle of a magnetized needle, uses long life permanent magnets, with a low friction alloy pivot in a jewel bearing, to be very sensitive to small changes in magnetic field.
		A new compass device, developed in recent years, and often serving as a secondary compass, is the electronic "fluxgate" compass.
		The first, magnetic variation, is a compass error caused by the earth's lines of magnetic flux varying from True meridiens (can be thought of as the magnetic and True north poles being in different locations).
	www.sea.tm /compass/compass.html (693 words)

	Embry-Riddle - The Magnetic Compass
		The common compass is a self-contained, reliable instrument as long as one understands its limitations and the properties of magnetism.
		Although the lines of magnetic force are parallel to the Earth's surface at the magnetic equator, the lines of magnetic flux point increasingly downward as the latitude approaches the magnetic poles.
		This magnetic dip affects the indication of the compass while the plane is banking in a turn.
	www.embryriddle.edu /er/newsmedia/articles/cont13.html (529 words)

	Brass Sundial with Magnetic Compass and Hardwood Case from The Brass Compass
		The magnetic compass permits the sundial to be oriented North.
		During transport, the needle lift mechanism of the compass is engaged to protect the compass's jeweled bearing.
		The azimuth is aligned to the North by the internal magnetic compass.
	www.brasscompass.com /sundialcomp.HTM (876 words)

	Magnetic Compass -- Introduction
		The things that the early navigators enjoyed most about the magnetic Compass, was that it was very easy to use, it made steering a ship much more accurate and it could even be used when the skies were cloudy, when the more accurate method of navigating by the stars was not possible.
		Before the Magnetic Compass was discovered, early map makers would draw a small 16 pointed circle on the map, and place an "N" to point to North.
		On the Braun (tm.) compass the whole Needle Housing moves to compensate for Declination and is designed to be a "Magnetic North" type device.
	www.ixi.net /~4waystop/MAGNETIC.HTM (1807 words)

	SOLVE TVMDC calculator makes magnetic compass correction of compass error solving magnetic compass variation and ...
		Magnetic compass error and magnetic compass correction of correct variation and deviation, whose corrections are normally aided with the formula solve tvmdc, can now be corrected with this navigation tool, the Course Conversion Calculator.
		After only a few moments of experimentation with this navigation tool you will be able to solve tvmdc, correct magnetic compass error and make magnetic compass corrections of correct variation and deviation, find course to steer and convert relative bearings to true bearings easily, quickly and accurately with a turn of only three dials.
		A simplified explanation of true course, the magnetic compass, compass error and compass correction of correct variation and deviation and relative bearings is given on this navigation tool.
	www.navigationaid.com (399 words)

	ESA Science & Technology: The Distortion of the Heliosphere: our Interstellar Magnetic Compass
		It would be an unlikely coincidence if the direction of the local galactic field, which depends on the shapes and motions of the interstellar clouds in the solar neighbourhood and of their history, were exactly parallel or perpendicular to the wind axis.
		The heliosphere, and the neutral flow act as a giant magnetic compass for the galactic field.
		The cloud shapes are very imprecisely known, but, if one compares the direction of the local galactic magnetic field derived from SWAN with the cloud distribution, one sees that field lines are more or less tangential to the boundary between the two clouds, as if the field were compressed between them, in agreement with theory.
	sci.esa.int /science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=36805 (1338 words)

	Magnetic Compass
		I have suspended this large compass needle from an alumininum strap "c" frame by fishing line and tackle swivels.
		When your compass needle is out of alignment with the earth's magnetic field, it experiences a torque pulling it toward the anti-parallel orientation.
		The energy is lost to the liquid but the friction is low enough to allow the compass needle to swing toward magnetic north.
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /askasci/phy00/phy00159.htm (829 words)

	Honeywell SSEC - Magnetic Sensor Products (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		If your navigation system needs magnetic sensors or compassing solutions, go with a trusted leader for sensors that are superior in performance and feature the smallest package sizes in the world.
		Honeywell's magnetic sensors are designed to accurately detect the direction and magnitude of external magnetic fields for compassing and magnetometry applications.
		Direction is monitored using a magnetic compass and gyros, while the user’s walking motion is monitored to derive distance traveled.
	www.magneticsensors.com /products.html (1352 words)

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