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Topic: Magnet levitation

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Magnetic levitation (transport)

Electrodynamic suspension

Diamagnetism

Magnetic levitation train

Magnetic bearing

Inductrack

Meissner effect

Magnetism

Electromagnetic force

Josephson constant

Metaphysical levitation

Maglev

Flux pinning

Magnetic field

Halbach array

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	Chapter 1: Magnetism
		The levitating disk is very sentitive to slight changes in the height of the ring magnet assembly.
		Right at the critical point, where the magnetic pull just barely counteracts gravity, the weak diamagnetism of the bismuth is enough to keep the magnet from jumping up to the ring magnets, or falling down.
		The magnetic field is bigger and spreads out more, and so the floating magnet can move up and down more before the strength of the field changes enough to make it fly up or fall down.
	scitoys.com /scitoys/scitoys/magnets/suspension.html (1578 words)

	Free Science Fair Projects
		Magnet Levitation Set includes several introductory experiments in magnetism as well as five complete levitation projects.
		Many of the questions asked in the Magnet Levitation Projects, can serve as the "Problem to be solved" in a science project.
		Since magnets are visually enticing in themselves as they interact with each other, it would be strongly suggested that your presentation include the apparatus you used in your research.
	www.freesciencefairproject.com /projects/magnet_levitation.html (179 words)

	Gravimetric measurement method and system - Patent 6799462
		A mass is levitated with respect to a base at least one of which is comprised of a diamagnetic material, and the levitation mass also having a permanent magnetic property.
		A second permanent magnet is configured such that it attracts the levitation mass away from said base surface with sufficient magnetic force to overcome gravitational force on the mass, thereby suspending the mass over the surface of the base.
		This second permanent magnet (63) is rigidly affixed (64) at a distance d.sub.5 from the base (61), and is used to attract the suspended mass (62) upwards and away from the base (61), thereby offsetting most of the actual weight of the suspended mass (62).
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6799462.html (2922 words)

	Levitation
		There are in excess of one hundred historical reports confirming that levitation is an objective ability of human, consciously or not, to influence change in the weight of the body.
		Levitation is necessarily connected with changing the state of consciousness, that is always felt, particularly by women and by people with extrasensory abilities, which does not mean it is observed too; and if someone states that one feels, then, most probably, one gives out the desire for it to be real.
		To start “levitating” ourselves, we must manufacture a controlled mechanism with a huge superconductive cup, to hide it under the arena of a circus or a theater, to put on magnetic chain armor and to fly.
	www.keelynet.com /spider/b-121e.htm (1212 words)

	Diamagnetic Levitation
		The tiny, super-powerful levitating magnet is stable horizontally (it tries to stay centered in the big magnet's field) but unstable vertically--it tries to fly up and destroy itself on the big lifter magnet.
		A stack of ceramic magnets (such as speaker magnets) will also work, though they will have to be closer to the levitating magnet than when using a N-I-B magnet as a lifter.
		Levitation Apparatus--The adjustments needed to achieve stable levitation are very fine, and the lifting magnet must be slowly and precisely lowered over the levitating magnet and Carbon- Graphite.
	www.otherpower.com /newmaglev.html (753 words)

	Magnetic levitation systems - Institut für Elektrische Maschinen, RWTH Aachen
		The energy required to levitate and to drive the conveyance vehicle is supplied by inductive energy transfer.
		The interaction of all 4 magnets which are mechanically connected by the conveyer frame, is controlled by a very complex multi function state controller.
		Magnetic bearing for wearless operation of electrical machines, specially at high rotation speed, are known.
	www.iem.rwth-aachen.de /index.pl/magnetic_levitation_systems (628 words)

	b e a . s t (Site not responding. Last check: )
		My goal is to build the subsystems to be able to magnetically [stably] levitate a lightbulb that is powered at all times through the air using a matched resonant air-core transformer.
		In order to levitate a lightbulb, there are three main systems that needed to be explored and techniques that needed to be developed.
		At either end of the electromagnet are magnetic hall effect sensors, which are used to sense the lightbulb position.
	bea.st /sight/levitation (2123 words)

	Diamagnetic Levitation Using Silver
		Putting the magnet between two pieces of diamagnetic material would cause it to float between them if the magnet is light and powerful enough, the pieces close enough, and there is no gravity.
		The addition of the plastic "surround" was my idea to support the magnet assembly from the top, and also protect the "floating" magnet from air currents (since it's not touching anything and is levitating, it tends to be rather sensitive to anything in the air, including moth turbulence).
		I found that it's important to have the diamagnetic slabs as smooth and flat as possible, otherwise the "floating" magnet is not stable.
	davidfiedler.com /levitation.htm (407 words)

	Permenant Magnet Levitation.
		The small floating magnet is repelled away from either of the bismuth plates and tends to stay in the center.
		It is important to use a Neodimium Iron Boron magnet as the floating magnet because it is powerful enough to produce an adequate amount of diamagnetic force.
		An example of a small magnetic field is one from a magnet held in the hand.
	home.earthlink.net /~lenyr/levmag.htm (836 words)

	Chapter 1: Magnetism
		The levitating disk is very sentitive to slight changes in the height of the ring magnet assembly.
		Right at the critical point, where the magnetic pull just barely counteracts gravity, the weak diamagnetism of the bismuth is enough to keep the magnet from jumping up to the ring magnets, or falling down.
		The magnetic field is bigger and spreads out more, and so the floating magnet can move up and down more before the strength of the field changes enough to make it fly up or fall down.
	www.scitoys.com /scitoys/scitoys/magnets/suspension.html (1578 words)

	Magnet Experiment Kits
		This convenient classroom kit contains 35 weak and strong magnets in bar, rod, disk, and horseshoe form, a magnetic sheet and a magnetic strip, 4 compasses, 250 g iron fillings, and a piece of lodestone...Teacher's notes are included, with suggestions for classroom activities to study the behavior and properties of magnets.
		Your students will learn about the nature of magnets; classify magnetic and nonmagnetic materials; discover how objects can be magnetized and demagnetized; and understand the differences between a permanent and a temporary magnet.
		Learn how magnetic poles are defined and labeled and how the general nature of the magnetic field can be displayed by the use of iron filings.
	www.wolverinesports.com /magnets2.html (739 words)

	Scientists Succeed At (Cryogenically Enhanced Magneto-Archimedes) Levitation: Science Fiction in the News
		When matter is placed in a magnetic field, the magnetic force acts upon the moving electrons in the matter, causing the electrons to be deflected.
		Magnetic levitation occurs when the force on such an object is strong enough to balance the weight of the object itself.
		The technique also works with living creatures; a living frog was successfully levitated when placed in the bore of a Bitter solenoid with a field strength of about 16 Tesla (the magnetic field strength of the Earth varies from about.3 to.6 gauss at sea level; one Tesla equals 10,000 gauss).
	www.technovelgy.com /ct/Science-Fiction-News.asp?NewsNum=388 (755 words)

	WONDERMAGNET.COM - NdFeB Magnets, Magnet Wire, Books, Weird Science, Needful Things
		The tiny, super-powerful levitating magnet is stable horizontally (it tries to stay centered in the big magnet's field) but unstable vertically--it tries to fly up and destroy itself on the big lifter magnet.
		A stack of ceramic magnets (such as speaker magnets) will also work, though they will have to be closer to the levitating magnet than when using a N-I-B magnet as a lifter.
		Levitation Apparatus--The adjustments needed to achieve stable levitation are very fine, and the lifting magnet must be slowly and precisely lowered over the levitating magnet and Carbon- Graphite.
	www.wondermagnet.com /newmaglev.html (801 words)

	Free Science Fair Projects
		When you attempt to move the North pole of one magnet toward the North pole of another magnet, initially the other magnet may be pushed away, but soon it flips over and the South pole of that face and attract your magnet.
		Then insert this magnet in a way that when it gets to the first magnet, same poles are faced each other and two magnets will repel.
		Finally you will have 6 ceramic ring magnets on a column that can freely move up and down, but gravity force is not able to pull them down because the same poles of magnets are facing each other.
	www.freesciencefairproject.com /projects/simple_magnet_levitation.html (542 words)

	[No title]
		The trouble with levitating a magnet is that it is sensitive to all magnetic influences like passing cars, buses, and even a occasional geo-magnetic storm produced by a solar sun flare.
		Bob also suggested using a hanging magnet on a string, to test the diamagnetic repulsion "strength" of various materials; which was often done in the earlier days with a large variety of material.
		Having a magnet readily available seems to be a consistent problem with a number of past diamagnetics designs presented; of which their isn't any ready solution.
	www.geocities.com /meredithlamb/page060.html (3115 words)

	Magnet Levitation Set
		Magnet Levitation Science set contains the materials you need to perform many different experiments related to magnet and magnetic field.
		Many of the questions asked in the Magnet Levitation Projects, can serve as the "Problem to be solved" in a science project.
		Since magnets are visually enticing in themselves as they interact with each other, it would be strongly suggested that your presentation include the apparatus you used in your research.
	www.miniscience.com /projects/magnetlevitation/index.html (200 words)

	K&J Magnetics - Strong Neodymium Rare Earth Magnet Products
		They are magnets that have not been charged, so they will not be attracted to metal.
		Insert one of our magnets into the cup and pair with a washer for a clean-looking magnetic catch.
		Devices to identify the North and South poles of a magnet.
	www.kjmagnetics.com /categories.asp?cat=19 (389 words)

	Magnet wands, magnetic bingo chips, floating magnets, Lenz's Law, electromagnets
		Magnet wands, magnetic bingo chips, floating magnets, Lenz's Law, electromagnets
		Or, just use a magnetic wand to pick up objects such as chips, marbles or even paper clips.
		Drop a magnet down a copper tube & watch it appear to defy gravity.
	www.indigo.com /magnets/magnet-accessories.html (243 words)

	Magnetic levitation
		In such a high power magnet organic materials or even living biological samples may be elevated, thereby counteracting the force of gravity.
		When you are interested to perform a series of (pilot) studies using the levitation magnet you are invited to contact us and discuss various possibilities.
		The magnet for levitation experiments is located and operated at the High Field Magnet Laboratory of the University of Nijmegen in the Netherlands.
	www.desc.med.vu.nl /Magnet_us.htm (432 words)

	Magnet Levitation
		Permanent magnets do not rely upon outside influences to generate their field.
		Levitation is the process by which an object is suspended against gravity,in a stable position, by a force without physical contact.
		Levitation is also the name of a band.
	www.altvetmed.com /face/20345-magnet-levitation.html (592 words)

	Science News
		Scientists have now shown that the forces from everyday materials—wood, plants, even a person's fingers—can help levitate small magnets placed in a magnetic field, causing them to hover motionless in space.
		Geim and his colleagues, however, learned that certain materials can stabilize a magnet that is being levitated by another.
		This type of levitation could be used to make frictionless bearings for trains or energy-storage devices such as flywheels, says Geim.
	www.phschool.com /science/science_news/articles/abracadabra_magnets.html (328 words)

	EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS: ON DIAMAGNETIC LEVITATION
		Unfortunately, the answer is no: A magnetic field can be arranged so that at some position it just balances the gravitational force on a small magnet, but any disturbance to the levitated magnet, no matter how tiny, causes it to crash.
		Similarly, a levitated magnet would be stable only if it could be situated at a local minimum of the magnetic potential.
		In this context, "lifting" is distinguished from "levitation", with levitation referring to stable floating in an applied magnetic field.
	scienceweek.com /2004/sc040917-1.htm (1186 words)

	Diamagnetic Levitation (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The July 22 Nature paper, Magnetic Levitation at your fingertips, describes two configurations where diamagnetic materials are used to stabilize the levitation of a magnet in the field of a fixed lifting magnet.
		In the first configuration, the magnet is levitated by a vertical superconducting solenoid electromagnet at a point where it is vertically stable but horizontally unstable.
		This type of levitator may find use as a frictionless bearing and is a candidate to replace servo levitators for some applications.
	www.physics.ucla.edu /marty/diamag (520 words)

	Magnetrain:A 600-mph Railroad Suspended by Magnets
		Two systems of magnetically levitated trains have been brought to the large-scale demonstration stage as of this date: one in Emsland, Germany, where a train routinely achieves speeds of more than 400 km/hour on a 31.5-km demonstration track, and one in Japan.
		However, to assure that the lifting magnet does not continue moving closer to, and perhaps grab, the track, a compensating force is introduced by means of the repulsive magnet.
		Magnetic levitation systems have been on the drawing boards since 1912, when an eddy-current repulsive levitation scheme was proposed by French engineer Emile Bachelet.
	www.21stcenturysciencetech.com /articles/magnetrain.html (4858 words)

	Superconducting Levitation
		When the magnet is pushed hard towards the superconductor, it changes the magnetic field distribution in the superconductor, and a new position becomes preferential.
		Magnetic field is partly excluded from the superconductor.
		Moving the magnet around leads to a redistribution of magnetic field inside the superconductor, which creates various stable positions and orientations for the levitating magnet.
	www.fys.uio.no /super/levitation (773 words)

	Levitation books
		It explains the physics of hard magnetic materials, discusses permanent magnet and superconducting excitation systems, and addresses applications in factory automation and high-speed transportation systems.
		During her wanderings through dream galleries, costumed performances, and future libraries she meets Clara (an elusive photographer), Sebastion (part human, part lion) and a chorus of cynics who exist only in partial bodies.
		Levitation: What It Is-How It Works-How to Do It (Paths to Inner Power)
	www.harry-houdini.com /books/levitation.htm (857 words)

	LEVITATION.org - how to levitate
		awed audiences’ worldwide with their single levitation routine, in which
		Magnet levitation is also something that has gone through a fair deal of
		basis of magnetic levitation is utilised in modern trains.
	www.levitation.org /science-levitation.htm (181 words)

	Stable Diamagnetic Levitation
		Diamagnetism is a phenomenon that affects all materials, although normally it is masked by the attractive effects of ferromagnetism (being strongly attracted to a magnet, like iron) and paramagnetism (being weakly attracted to a magnet); it is simply that the material repels all magnetic poles, either north or south.
		While not enough to float a magnet by itself, this is sufficient to stabilise the equilibrium position in the former arrangement of magnets, and thus allow a magnet to float.
		The biasing magnet is suspended by its own attraction from a washer attached to a piece of threaded rod, which allows its position to be varied continuously.
	www.davidwyatt.me.uk /maglev (975 words)

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