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Topic: Magnetic levitation (transport)

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	Magnetic Levitation Train - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Magnetic Levitation Train, also maglev train, a high-speed ground transportation vehicle levitated above a track called a guideway and propelled by...
		Safety was a leading issue in transportation in 1987, tragically marked by the collision of an Amtrak passenger train and a caravan of Consolidated Rail Corporation (Conrail) locomotives.
		Magnetic levitation transport, or maglev, is a form of transportation that suspends, guides and propels vehicles via electromagnetic force.
	encarta.msn.com /Magnetic_Levitation_Train.html (223 words)

	Magnetic levitation train - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A magnetic levitation train, or maglev, is a type of train that is suspended in the air above a single track, and propelled using the repulsive and attractive forces of magnetism.
		Unmoving magnetic bearings using purely electromagnets or permanent magnets are unstable because of Earnshaw's theorem; on the other hand diamagnetic and superconducting magnets can support a maglev stably.
		A very strong magnetic field is required to levitate a massive train, so conventional maglev research is using superconductor research for an efficient electromagnet.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Magnetic_levitation_train (1619 words)

	The Maglev 2000 of Florida Corporation
		Superconducting magnets enable the levitated vehicle to be inherently and passively strongly stable against external forces (winds, grades, curves, etc.) that act to displace the vehicle from its normal suspension point.
		The main difference between superconducting magnets and conventional room temperature electromagnets, is that they use low temperature, zero electrical resistance conductor wire in the magnet winding, instead of room temperature, non-zero electrical resistance conductor.
		Because the failure rate of superconducting magnets is very low, the probability of two magnets failing in a period of few minutes, the time needed to reach a stopping point, would be less than once in a million years of operation.
	www.maglev2000.com /works/how-08.html (2122 words)

	Magnetic levitation Information - TextSheet.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-27)
		A magnetic levitation train or maglev is a train-like vehicle that is suspended in the air above the track, and propelled forward using the repulsive and attractive forces of magnetism.
		There are two primary types of maglev technology: One that relies on superconducting magnets and a newer, potentially more economical system that uses permanent magnets.
		A very strong magnetic field is required to levitate a massive train, hence maglev research is tightly related to superconductor research for an efficient electromagnet.
	www.powerandresponsibility.sferahost.com /encyclopedia/m/ma/magnetic_levitation.html (595 words)

	Diamagnetic Levitation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-27)
		Magnetic Levitation is not new to the motion industry.
		SRI's hybrid clean-room transport levitation system developed for a commercial client, holds the world's record for the largest diamagnetically levitated mass: 22 lbs (10.0 kgs).
		Using our diamagnetic levitation technology, we have demonstrated a levitated flow meter with a turndown ratio of 1000:1, a frictionless micromotor operating at 21,000 rpm, and a seismic sensors sensitive down to a few hertz.
	www.sri.com:8000 /esd/automation/diamagnetic.html (391 words)

	Proposed future transport - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Most transport media in use today are generally fossil fuel powered.
		The reason for this is the ease of use and the existence of mature technologies harnessing this fuel source.
		The drawbacks of such transportation media are that they are heavily polluting, and rely on limited energy sources.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Proposed_future_transport (260 words)

	Sensors Magazine Online - March 2001 - Diamagnetic Levitation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-27)
		In an active levitation system, electromagnets are coupled to amplifiers that receive signals from controllers, which process signals from sensors that change the magnetic force to meet the needs of the system.
		In this levitation system, many strong bias magnets are mounted on a stationary, rigid support structure and lift magnets (levitated bias magnets) are attached to a movable conveyance.
		Fixed magnet arrays are mounted to the same support structure as the bias magnets and straddle the diamagnetic bearing plates that are mounted to the transport conveyance.
	www.sensorsmag.com /articles/0301/30/main.shtml (2397 words)

	The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Science Tribune
		Therefore, in a time of crisis related to the transport systems regarding their role in pollution and wastage of energy sources, there is a great need to develop transportation systems based on magnetic levitation.
		Magnetic levitation for transportation involves support and guidance (propulsion and braking) of objects or vehicles by the use of magnets.
		Magnetic levitation is based on the principle that when a magnet moves over a conductor it induces eddy currents in the conductor.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2001/20011227/science.htm (2775 words)

	Magnetic Levitation (Maglev) for Transportation
		The support and guidance systems of German magnetic levitation are based on the attractive powers between electromagnets on the vehicle and reaction plate rails on the underside of the guideway.
		Unlike conventional transportation systems in which a vehicle has to carry the total power needed for the most demanding sections, the power of the maglev motor is dependent on the local conditions such as flat or uphill grades.
		When the onboard magnets pass the coils at high-speed, an electric current is induced in the coils and they serve as electromagnets.
	www.railserve.com /maglev.html (3237 words)

	CERN Courier - Record-breaking magnet has f - IOP Publishing - article
		The Grenoble magnet is the work of doctoral student Frederic Bloch, who built on the ideas of Berkeley's Klaus Halbach, a 1970s pioneer of using permanent magnet "wigglers" and "undulators" to produce synchrotron radiation from electron beams.
		The magnet's peak field of 5 T was measured with a gap of 0.15 mm.
		The compact nature of the magnet meant that it could be inserted into an ESRF beamline in which the maximum field available using electromagnets had previously been 2.5 T. Article 5 of 20.
	www.cerncourier.com /main/article/42/3/5 (228 words)

	Magnetic Levitation ClearlyExplained.Com
		Essentially it is the use of magnetic fields (or magnetic forces) to levitate a (usually) metallic object.
		Magnetic levitation is useful in a variety of applications.
		Magnetic levitation is a phenomena that is likely to have considerable potential in the future.
	clearlyexplained.com /technology/maglev/maglev.html (385 words)

	Schiller Institute- Maglev Train - Develop this now for mass transportation
		The most efficient, of course, is rail--rail or magnetic levitation--the lowest in the cost, physical cost per ton mile.
		Magnetic levitation systems of mass transport are not merely an upgrading from friction-rail systems.
		Although the speeds achievable do relieve the presently excessive reliance on passenger air transport for medium-distance travel, the revolutionary impact of magnetic levitation shows itself in the transport and classification of freight shipments.
	www.schillerinstitute.org /economy/phys_econ/phys_maglev.html (392 words)

	Superconductor Uses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-27)
		Transport vehicles such as trains can be made to "float" on strong superconducting magnets, virtually eliminating friction between the train and its tracks.
		By impinging a strong superconductor-derived magnetic field into the body, hydrogen atoms that exist in the body's water and fat molecules are forced to accept energy from the magnetic field.
		SQUID's are capable of sensing a change in a magnetic field up to 100 billion times weaker than the force that moves the needle on a compass.
	www.cbu.edu /~jgarcia/chem/uses.html (833 words)

	High Speed Rail Transportation-Science Tracer Bullet
		Benefits of magnetically levitated high-speed transportation for the United States: report.
		Stollery, J. The aerodynamic problems of advanced ground transport: a report by the Aerodynamics Working Group of the AGT Panel.
		Hull, John R. Attractive levitation for high-speed ground transport with large guideway clearance and alternating-gradient stabilization.
	www.loc.gov /rr/scitech/tracer-bullets/highrailtb.html (944 words)

	Magnetrain:A 600-mph Railroad Suspended by Magnets
		Two systems of magnetically levitated trains have been brought to the large-scale demonstration stage as of this date: one in Emsland, Germany, where a train routinely achieves speeds of more than 400 km/hour on a 31.5-km demonstration track, and one in Japan.
		However, to assure that the lifting magnet does not continue moving closer to, and perhaps grab, the track, a compensating force is introduced by means of the repulsive magnet.
		Magnetic levitation systems have been on the drawing boards since 1912, when an eddy-current repulsive levitation scheme was proposed by French engineer Emile Bachelet.
	www.21stcenturysciencetech.com /articles/magnetrain.html (4858 words)

	Maglev Trains
		Magnetic Levitation (maglev) is an exciting new technology that could revolutionize high-speed mass transit, but it may be too soon to start a maglev system in the Seattle area.
		If you have ever played around with magnets, and tried to push the south pole of one against the south pole of the other, or the north pole of one against the north pole of the other, you discovered that they tried to push each other apart.
		Basically, the idea in a maglev train is to somehow set up a magnet in the guideway (track) and one in the bottom of the train with like poles next to each other so that they push each other apart and lift the train slightly off of the guideway.
	www.eskimo.com /~robertf/transit/maglev.html (524 words)

	Rail Vehicle Accessibility Regulations 1998 - Guidance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-27)
		Generally it should now be assumed that any new rail vehicle introduced into service after 31st December 1998 on a railway, tramway, monorail, magnetic levitation system or a system which is tracked with side guidance in Great Britain to carry fare paying passengers is subject to the RVAR.
		Magnetic levitation is defined as "a mode in which the vehicles are supported and guided wholly or mainly by means of magnetic force".
		Other than monorails, magnetic levitation or track-based with side guidance vehicles, the modes prescribed by Article 2 of the Transport and Works (Guided Transport Modes) Order 1992 (see "Systems" on page 6) are not currently within the scope of the RVAR.
	www.dft.gov.uk /stellent/groups/dft_mobility/documents/page/dft_mobility_503304-02.hcsp (1092 words)

	Swisstraffic-online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-27)
		One of the technical planners of the Shanghai Metro authority thinks it is irresponsible to construct a magnetic levitation train purely as a prestige project and which does not solve the pressing transport problems of the city.
		By contrast, to get to the magnetic levitation train station, around which three more flight terminals will gradually be constructed, passengers have to use covered bridges.
		The levitation train wins people over thanks to its impressive acceleration and considerably higher speeds (in the meantime, the Chinese record has been beaten by an experimental Japanese train).
	www.swisstraffic-online.ch /en/news_en/news_en_5.php (758 words)

	The Daily Star Web Edition Vol. 4 Num 83 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-27)
		This revolutionary idea of using magnetic levitation, coupled with linear motor propulsion is simple enough, but the technical problems associated with it were not possible to solve at the time.
		There is no doubt that the country's rambling dilapidated and outmoded transport systems must be replaced soon, but to think about solving that with 'Magnetic Levitation' falls in the same category as that of the drug induced hallucination of Indian Holy men who claim to be able to 'Levitate'.
		Regarding the comments from the Finance Minister on magnetic trains, I would hope that there will be an opportunity for the government to carefully consider the possibilities and to evaluate our technology against the German technology so that he may see our advantages.
	www.thedailystar.net /2003/08/18/d30818110369.htm (534 words)

	High speed trains (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-27)
		The Maglev is a system in which the train runs levitated from the tracks by using electromagnetic forces between superconducting magnets on board the vehicle and coils on the ground.
		When the magnets pass at high speed, an electric current is induced within the coils, which then act as electromagnets temporarily.
		As a result, there are forces which push the superconducting magnet upwards and ones which pull them upwards simultaneously, thereby levitating the Maglev.
	www.didyouknow.cd /whatsnew/trains.htm (991 words)

	Transport innovations Rail transport (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-27)
		Similar to passengers transport an increase of speed is an important driving force for new developments in rail freight transport.
		In contradiction to passenger transport however, technological developments are less focused towards increasing the maximum speed of trains, but rather towards improving the transit time in the total logistic chain.
		Since speed of terminal transport and handling are assumed to rise, this might have a negative influence on energy consumption.
	www.tbm.tudelft.nl /webstaf/jann/git5.htm (4896 words)

	Maglev (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-27)
		Magnetic levitation systems are based on the principle of a vehicle being suspended on guideways by the magnetic force created by an electric current.
		It is propelled by a linear motor in which the track itself serves as the stator and the vehicle whirls along it.
		In the spectrum of transport options available in the decades ahead maglev systems are likely to appeal to a customer base which places a very high value on time and has the financial resources to buy high speed travel (something like supersonic flight); it may not have much potential as a mass transit system
	www.smec.com.au /development/quantum/maglev.htm (1246 words)

	Railway Age: Maglev is ready. Are we? - trains that use a magnetic levitation system - High Speed Ground Transportation
		To date, attempts to build a magnetic levitation system in the U.S. have failed or are on hold, mostly the result of financial difficulties.
		This is because it uses "low-field" electromagnets, as opposed to the Japanese HSST maglev technology, which uses "high-field" superconducting magnets, or SCMs.
		This so-called "zero flux levitation system," which uses vehicle-borne SCMs, is a combined levitation/guidance system that purportedly is less expensive than technology previously tested.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1215/is_n7_v195/ai_15594308 (1419 words)

	Re: Levitation Links Magnetic levitation
		Magnetic levitation uses large electromagnets to produce a magnetic field, which acts as a...
		Spiritual masters are often depicted as levitating and the ability to levitate is taken as sign of...
		The permanent magnets, which are attached to the bottom of a carrier, are repulsively levitated above and by oblong shaped electromagnets...
	www.gbt.ch /_forum/00000221.htm (2731 words)

	List of transport topics - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-27)
		This is a list of transport related topics.
		Space transport launched from the surface of the Moon
		For more topics there is a collection of transportation related lists and a transportation category.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /list_of_transport_topics.htm (176 words)

	The Space Show hosted by: Dr. David Livingston
		John B. Barber is the co-founder and President of Modern Transport Systems Corp and the inventor of the magnetic levitation technology being developed by the company.
		Barber explains how magnetic levitation can be applicable to assisting in the launch of winged space craft, and how such "mag-lev" would work.
		He subsequently joined the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Urban Mass Transportation Administration (currently the Federal Transit Administration), where he was involved with both conventional transit technology projects and the agency’s research and development program.
	www.thespaceshow.com /detail.asp?q=128 (579 words)

	Magnetic Levitation Technology for Materials Transport
		Tech News 442 DRC Magnetic Levitation (Mag-Lev) Technology for Materials Transport November 1994 Mine Safety Systems Objective To develop a magnetic levitation transport system that can reduce the cost and improve safety in transporting coal from the face of underground coal mines to the surface.
		Levitation is provided by neodymium-iron boron (NdFeB) magnets mounted in the base of the haulage containers and inexpensive ceramic-5 magnets located in the bed of the transit corridor.
		Payloads of 153 kilograms (338 pounds) have been magnetically levitated with the model while traveling frictionless and contact free along its corridor.
	ntl.bts.gov /DOCS/tn442.html (455 words)

	SRI International Receives Honors for Novel Magnetic Levitation Technology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-27)
		Diamagnetism is a property of some materials such as graphite that causes them to levitate in a stable manner in a magnetic field without power.
		Passive diamagnetic levitation system technology has a broad range of applications, from precise seismic sensors to frictionless micromotors, and is particularly valuable for use in clean room transport to eliminate particulate contaminants.
		SRI holds the world's record for the largest diamagnetically levitated mass - 30 pounds (13.6 kilograms), which formed the basis of a revolutionary ultra-clean, low-friction transport system.
	www.sri.com:8000 /news/releases/05-30-00.html (404 words)

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