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Topic: Magnetic north

	North Pole - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Magnetic North is one of several locations on the Earth's surface known as the "North Pole".
		Magnetic North is the place to which all magnetic compasses point, although since the pole marked "N" on a bar magnet points north, and only opposite magnetic poles are attracted to each other, the Earth's magnetic north is actually a south magnetic pole.
		Astronomers define the north "geographic" pole of a planet or other object in the solar system by the planetary pole that is in the same ecliptic hemisphere as the Earth's north pole.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Magnetic_North (2176 words)

	North - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		North is one of the four primary cardinal directions, specifically the direction that, in Western culture, is treated as the primary direction and used (explicitly or implicitly) to define all other directions.
		Magnetic north is of interest because it is the direction indicated as north on a properly functioning (but uncorrected) magnetic compass.
		Thus the choice of the north as corresponding to up in the northern hemisphere, or of south in that role in the southern, is, prior to world-wide communication, anything but an arbitrary one.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /north.htm (897 words)

	North - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		true north, the direction along the earth's surface toward one pole of the earth's rotation, namely the pole that is clearly on one's left when standing at the Equator while facing the rising sun.
		magnetic north, the direction along the earth's surface in which horizontal magnetic field strength has its most positive value (but see Flipping of planetary magnetic poles for an eventual event, so rare as to make unlikely any advance agreement on whether one or two retronyms would be involved in the replacement terminology)
		Globes of the earth have the North Pole at the top, or if the earth's axis is represented as inclined from vertical (normally by the angle it has relative to the axis of the earth's orbit), in the top half.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/North (883 words)

	Earth's magnetic field -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Currently the south magnetic pole is further from the geographic south pole than the north magnetic pole is from the north geographic pole.
		Magnetic reversals are used by (A specialist in paleontology) paleontologists as a basis for dating (The remains (or an impression) of a plant or animal that existed in a past geological age and that has been excavated from the soil) fossils.
		Also, since a magnetic field reversal has never been observed by humans and the mechanism of field generation is not well understood, it is difficult to say what the characteristics of the magnetic field might be leading up to such a reversal.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/ea/earths_magnetic_field.htm (1123 words)

	ipedia.com: North Pole Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Astronomers define the north "geographic" pole of a planet in the solar system by the planetary pole that is in the same ecliptic hemisphere as the Earth's north pole.
		The third observation of Magnetic North was by Canadian government scientists Paul Serson and Jack Clark, of the Dominion Observatory, who found the pole at Allen Lake on Prince of Wales Island.
		Like the Magnetic North Pole, is it a south magnetic pole, because it attracts the north pole of a bar magnet.
	www.ipedia.com /north_pole.html (1290 words)

	Magnetic Declination
		Magnetic declination is the difference between true north (the axis around which the earth rotates) and magnetic north (the direction the needle of a compass will point)
		Magnetic north is determined by the earth’s magnetic field and is not the same as true (or geographic) north.
		The exact amount that you need to adjust the declination on your compass to reconcile magnetic north to true north is given in the map legend to the left of the map scale.
	geology.isu.edu /geostac/Field_Exercise/topomaps/mag_dec.htm (368 words)

	Earth's Magnetic Field (Magnetosphere) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		All magnetic objects produce invisible lines of force that extend between the poles of the object.
		Magnetic field lines radiate between Earth's north and south magnetic poles just as they do between the poles of a bar magnet.
		Earth's magnetic field lines are not as symmetrical as those of the bar magnet.
	liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov /academy/space/mag_field.html (188 words)

	What is a magnetic field?
		A magnet produces a vector field, the magnetic field, at all points in the space around it.
		A magnetic field can also be created by the spin magnetic dipole moment, and by the orbital magnetic dipole moment of an electron within an atom.
		By convention, we state that the magnetic field has a direction associated with it, such that the field exits the North end of a magnet, flows through the air or other materials nearby, and re-enters the South end of the magnet.
	my.execpc.com /~rhoadley/magfield.htm (718 words)

	Navis.gr - Magnetic Compass
		When a piece of magnetized iron is placed on a splinter of wood and floated in a bowl of water, the wood will swing until the iron is pointing north and south.
		Near the magnetic pole the magnetic compass is useless because there the lines of force are vertical straight down into the Earth.
		The magnetic field of the fluctuating currents is appreciable at the Earth's surface and may deflect a compass needle noticeably from its normal position.
	www.navis.gr /navaids/compass.htm (1560 words)

	Magnetic Compass
		The magnetic lines of force do not pass over the surface in a neat geometric pattern because they are influenced by the varying mineral content of the earth's crust.
		Because the poles of a compass tend to align themselves with the magnet lines of force, the magnet within the compass tends to tilt or dip toward the earth in the same manner as the lines of force.
		Compensating magnets are located within the case to correct the compass reading for the effects of small magnetic fields generated by components of the aircraft (refer to the next subsection).
	www.allstar.fiu.edu /aero/MagComp.htm (1634 words)

	Magnetic Compass
		The north magnetic pole is located at approximately 78.9°N latitude and 103.8°W, over 600 miles from the geological north pole.
		Variation is determined by measuring the angular difference between true north and magnetic north.
		Being a magnet, your compass will be attracted to (or repelled by) iron bearing metal and other magnets (including magnetic fields created by flowing electricity).
	www.auxetrain.org /magnetic.htm (1033 words)

	The Earth's Magnetic Field
		The Earth has a substantial magnetic field, a fact of some historical importance because of the role of the magnetic compass in exploration of the planet.
		Thus, true north (defined by the direction to the north rotational pole) does not coincide with magnetic north (defined by the direction to the north magnetic pole) and compass directions must be corrected by fixed amounts at given points on the surface of the Earth to yield true directions.
		The origin of the Earth's magnetic field is not completely understood, but is thought to be associated with electrical currents produced by the coupling of convective effects and rotation in the spinning liquid metallic outer core of iron and nickel.
	csep10.phys.utk.edu /astr161/lect/earth/magnetic.html (585 words)

	The Magnetic North Pole (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		During the sixteenth century, mariners believed that somewhere in the North was a magnetic mountain that was the source of attraction for their compasses.
		Magnetic observations made by explorers in subsequent decades showed that this was not true, and by the early nineteenth century, the accumulated observations proved that the magnetic pole must be somewhere in Arctic Canada.
		The position of the North Magnetic Pole is strongly influenced by the natural conditions variation in its vicinity.
	teacher.scholastic.com /researchtools/articlearchives/arctic/magnorpo.htm (802 words)

	The road to the magnetic north pole
		The conclusion was that one magnet was insufficient to describe the Earth’s field, two being required, giving four magnetic poles in all, the two new poles being located north of Siberia and in the south-easterly Pacific.
		It was normal to carry instruments for magnetic observations on such expeditions at that time, and so Ross succeeded and at 70° 5´ N, 96° 47´ W the magnetic field was determined to be quite vertical as far as the instruments’ accuracy could show.
		Movement of the magnetic north pole from 1600 to 2000.
	geo.phys.uit.no /articl/roadto.html (2502 words)

	NOVA \| Magnetic Storm \| TV Program Description \| PBS
		The most visible signs of Earth's magnetic field are auroras, which are caused by charged particles from space interacting with the atmosphere as they flow into the north and south magnetic poles.
		At the present rate, Earth's magnetic field could be gone within a few centuries, exposing the planet to the relentless blast of charged particles from space with unpredictable consequences for the atmosphere and life.
		Some researchers believe we are already in the transition phase, with growing areas of magnetic anomaly—where field lines are moving the wrong way—signaling an ever weaker and chaotic state for our protective shield.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/magnetic/about.html (639 words)

	Magnetic Declination FAQ
		In mid 2002, the average position of the modeled north magnetic dip pole (according to the IGRF-2000 geomagnetic model) is 81.5° N, and 111.4° W, in the Canadian Arctic Ocean.
		MN (Magnetic North) On this version of the Silva 7NL (Polaris), the south-pointing end of the needle is 17 millimeters (0.67") long and the north-pointing end is 16 millimeters (0.63").
		Grid north is the direction of the north-south lines of the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) grid, imposed on topographic maps by the United States and NATO armed forces.
	www.geocities.com /magnetic_declination (5869 words)

	Magnetic North, the Wandering Pole
		In lower latitudes, the angular difference between True North and Magnetic North is compensated for by a value known as
		But to further complicate matters, Magnetic North is not a fixed spot but is constantly on the move and magnetic variation must be recomputed on a regular basis.
		In the past 100 years, Magnetic North has wandered approximately 500 miles to the north to its present location near Ellef Ringes Island in the Canadian Arctic.
	members.tripod.com /PolarFlight/magnorth.htm (118 words)

	Cause of magnetic north (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The magnetic pole is not actually a point on the Earth's surface but instead is a region where the magnetic field lines are perpendicular to the surface of the Earth through which they pass.
		In 1970 the north magnetic pole region was found to located at approximately latitude 76.2 degrees N and longitude 101 degrees W, among the the arctic islands in northern Canada.
		The Earth's magnetic field is much more complicated than that of a bar magnet; at a given location a compass will generally point in a direction some degrees east or west of "true north".
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /askasci/gen99/gen99304.htm (283 words)

	Latitude: Terrestrial Magnetism
		Rounding the southern coast of Africa in the 1480s and 1490s, Portuguese navigators discovered one point where magnetic north and true north were virtually identical.
		As a result, magnetic north is constantly changing.
		Changes in Magnetic Fields Because the core is spinning at a different speed than the rest of the earth, the earth's regional magnetic fields shift.
	www.ruf.rice.edu /~feegi/magnet.html (374 words)

	Magnetic North Pole
		Earth's magnetic north pole is where the magnetic field lines are oriented vertically and plunge into the surface of the earth i.e.
		Below is a map showing the 1994 location of the magnetic north pole based on measurements by Canadian scientists.
		Below is a figure of the magnetic north pole based on the reference fields from 1900 to January 1st 2000.
	deeptow.whoi.edu /northpole.html (166 words)

	CNN.com - North Magnetic Pole could be leaving Canada - March 20, 2002
		Friend of navigators for centuries, beckoning compass needles from virtually every point on the planet, the North Magnetic Pole is distinct from the North Terrestrial Pole, the fixed point that marks the axis of the turning planet.
		The magnetic pole is currently 966 kilometers (600 miles) from the geographic one.
		Because the magnetic pole lies in the Arctic Ocean, scientists attempting to pinpoint its precise location must visit during a brief window in the spring.
	archives.cnn.com /2002/TECH/space/03/20/north.pole (655 words)

	Science News Online - Past Issues - Feature Article - 10/19/96
		If magnetic fields were common in the early solar system, as scientists believe, then convective flow in the outer core must have created electric currents in the fluid iron.
		With its prominent north and south poles, this field is roughly dipolar in orientation, as if it came from a huge bar magnet buried inside the planet.
		Before the reversal, poloidal magnetic field lines leave the north magnetic pole, curve around the planet, and dive back into the south pole (left).
	www.sciencenews.org /sn_arch/10_19_96/bob1.htm (2118 words)

	Earth's Inconstant Magnetic Field
		Earth's magnetic field comes from this ocean of iron, which is an electrically conducting fluid in constant motion.
		Magnetic lines of force near Earth's surface become twisted and tangled, and magnetic poles pop up in unaccustomed places.
		On the left is a normal dipolar magnetic field, typical of the long years between polarity reversals.
	science.nasa.gov /headlines/y2003/29dec_magneticfield.htm (1175 words)

	Magnetism
		In nature, magnetic fields are produced in the rarefied gas of space, in the glowing heat of sunspots and in the molten core of the Earth.
		Fi eld lines of a bar magnet are commonly illustrated by iron filings sprinkled on a sheet of paper held over a magnet.
		A map of the magnetic field lines of the magnetosphere, like the one displayed above (from a mathematical model of the field), tells at a glance how different regions are linked and many other important properties.
	www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov /Education/Imagnet.html (1035 words)

	The Sun Does a Flip
		The Sun's magnetic north pole, which was in the northern hemisphere just a few months ago, now points south.
		The Sun's magnetic poles will remain as they are now, with the north magnetic pole pointing through the Sun's southern hemisphere, until the year 2012 when they will reverse again.
		The Sun's magnetic field envelops the entire solar system in a bubble that scientists call the "heliosphere." The heliosphere extends 50 to 100 astronomical units (AU) beyond the orbit of Pluto.
	science.nasa.gov /headlines/y2001/ast15feb_1.htm (1190 words)

	New North America Magnetic Anomaly Map
		The digital magnetic anomaly database and map for the North American continent is the result of a joint effort by the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC), U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and Consejo de Recursos Minerales of Mexico (CRM).
		This integrated, readily accessible, modern digital database of magnetic anomaly data is a powerful tool for further evaluation of the structure, geologic processes, and tectonic evolution of the continent and may also be used to help resolve societal and scientific issues that span national boundaries.
		The North American magnetic anomaly map derived from the digital database provides a comprehensive magnetic view of continental-scale trends not available in individual data sets, helps link widely separated areas of outcrop, and unifies disparate geologic studies.
	crustal.usgs.gov /projects/namad/the_project.html (278 words)

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