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Topic: Magnetic recording

	Howstuffworks "How Tape Recorders Work"
		Magnetic recording is a backbone technology of the electronic age.
		In the computer realm, magnetic recording is used on floppy disks, hard disks and magnetic tape as the main method for data storage.
		There are two parts to any audio magnetic recording system: the recorder itself (which also acts as the playback device) and the tape it uses as the storage medium.
	www.howstuffworks.com /cassette.htm/printable (1240 words)

	Magnetic tape - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Magnetic tape is a non-volatile storage medium consisting of a magnetic coating on a thin plastic strip.
		Magnetic tape was half an inch wide and wound on removable reels 10.5 inches (267 mm) in diameter.
		Most modern magnetic tape systems use reels that are much smaller and are fixed inside a cartridge to protect the tape and facilitate handling.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Magnetic_tape (818 words)

	Sound recording - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Instead of recording by varying the depth of the groove (vertically), as with the phonograph, the vibration of the recording stylus was across the width of the track (horizontally).
		Magnetic recording was demonstrated in principle as early as 1898 by Valdemar Poulsen in his telegraphone.
		Magnetic tape recording as we know it today was developed in Germany during the late 1930s by the C.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sound_recording (4783 words)

	Magnetic tape -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Magnetic tape is an (A message received and understood) information (A medium for storing information) storage medium consisting of a magnetisable coating on a thin (Generic name for certain synthetic or semisynthetic materials that can be molded or extruded into objects or films or filaments or used for making e.g.
		Magnetic tape was first invented by Fritz Pfleumer in 1928 in (A republic in central Europe; split into East German and West Germany after World War II and reunited in 1990) Germany, based on the invention of the magnetic wire by (additional info and facts about Valdemar Poulsen) Valdemar Poulsen in 1898.
		Recording density was 128 characters per inch (198 micrometre/character) on eight tracks at a linear speed of 100 in/s (2.54 m/s), yielding a data rate of 12,800 characters per second.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/ma/magnetic_tape.htm (1183 words)

	Biasing in Magnetic Tape Recording
		Magnetic emulsions made with chromium dioxide require a larger biasing signal to make use of their wider dynamic range, so modern recorders have different bias settings for iron oxide, chromium dioxide, and metal tapes.
		With optimum biasing, the recorded magnetic image is proportional to the signal current applied to the record head.
		To record a sine wave on tape, you mix it with a high frequency bias signal.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/audio/bias.html (365 words)

	Magnetic Recording The First 100 Years
		Electrical Engineering/History of Technology Magnetic Recording The First 100 Years The first magnetic recording device was demonstrated and patented by the Danish inventor Valdemar Poulsen in 1898.
		Magnetic Recording traces the development of the watershed products and the technical breakthroughs in magnetic recording that took place during the century from Poulsen’s experiment to today’s ubiquitous audio, video, and data recording technologies, including tape recorders, video cassette recorders, and computer hard drives.
		An authority on the early history of audio magnetic recording, Dr. Clark spent the summer of 1996 as a Fulbright Professor at the University of Aarhus, Denmark where he researched the life of Valdemar Poulsen.
	www.ipbookstore.com /books/magnetic_recording.asp (414 words)

	Magnetic Recording Measurements 2001
		Magnetic imaging techniques and measurements are developed for the authentication of recorded information and the recovery of data from samples of damaged magnetic recording media.
		The Nanoscale Recording System (NRS) developed under this program is a general-purpose instrument that uses read-write heads similar to those in computer hard disk or tape drives to image and write data on magnetic media.
		These sensors are used to map the microscopic magnetic fields across samples, thereby allowing investigators to reconstruct the original signal and gain insight into the recording process and history.
	www.boulder.nist.gov /div818/81803/2001/MagneticRecordingMeasurements (1661 words)

	Magnetic Recording Equipment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Although magnetic recording is almost ideally adapted to such service, and although telephone recorders have been manufactured in Europe for many years, the Ipsophone is the first device in which the many technical problems involved seem to have been solved to satisfaction.
		It is designed for double-channel recording, one recording being made on the upper portion of the tape when the tape is moving in one direction, and the other recording being made on the lower portion of the tape when the tape moves in the reverse direction.
		Recordings may be made either from a crystal microphone, supplied with the unit, or from a phonograph pickup or the detector stage of a radio.
	history.acusd.edu /gen/recording/begun6.html (9170 words)

	Magnetic Recording - an introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In magnetic recording, the magnetic media is often not completely saturated.The external magnetic fields (H) are held below the maximum fields forsaturation, and the induced magnetization (M) is correspondingly less.Thus, the induced remanent magnetization is less that the maximumMr(infinity).
		Particulate magnetic media are most commonly used in audio tape applications.In order to insure recorder and reader compatibility, the ac bias, signalcurrent and frequency equalization have been standardized.
		Reel-to-reel tape recorders were developed in the late 1940s and early 1950s.Although reel-to-reel machines have been almost completely supplanted bycassette recorders in the consumer market, they are still in use as studio andprofessional machines.
	www.ee.washington.edu /conselec/CE/kuhn/taperecord/tape.htm (3639 words)

	magnetic recording -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The principle of magnetic recording was first demonstrated by the Danish engineer Valdemar Poulsen in 1900, when he introduced a machine called the telegraphone that recorded speech magnetically on steel…
		The principle of magnetic recording was first demonstrated by the Danish engineer Valdemar Poulsen in 1900, when he introduced a machine called the telegraphone that recorded speech magnetically on steel wire.
		In videodisc recording, the image is converted to signals recorded on a disc by a laser, which vaporizes tiny holes or indentations in the disc.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9050029?tocId=9050029 (788 words)

	Magnetic Recording History Pictures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Oberlin Smith published a description of magnetic recording in Electrical World, Sep. 8, 1888, based on his visit to Edison's lab in 1878, using an electromagnet with a string covered with iron filings.
		Poulsen stopped his work on magnetic recording and turned to radio after 1902, and only a small number of his machines were made in Denmark and Germany.
		The tape consisted of a foil of cellulose acetate as carrier material, coated with a lacquer of iron oxide as magnetic pigment and cellulose acetate as binder.
	history.acusd.edu /gen/recording/tape.html (798 words)

	Magnetic Recording - an introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The remanent magnetization is the permanent magnetization that remains after the external field is removed.
		It is important that the magnetic media chosen has a small enough spatial resolution to be able to support the desired frequency range at the given velocity.
		Cassette recorders were first introduced in the early seventies, and by the early eighties -- had essentially supplanted the reel-to-reel recorder in the consumer market.
	www.ee.washington.edu /conselec/CE/kuhn/magtape/95x1.htm (3930 words)

	Magnetic Recording
		The tape is passed beneath the gap, and a change in direction of magnetization between domains induces a voltage in the coil.
		In the reverse operation of the write head, the strength of the current thus produced depends on the amount to which the magnetic bits were magnetized and on the rate at which the direction of magnetization changes.
		Once the data has been translated in a series of magnetized domains, it is subject to noise and interference; so the voltage in the read head is not as clear as the initial write current was.
	www.physics.pomona.edu /faculty/prof/tanenbaum/magrec/mrintro.htm (712 words)

	Magnetic recording has a speed limit (April 2004) - News - PhysicsWeb
		Magnetic recording relies on using an applied magnetic field to reverse the magnetisation of a piece of magnetic material.
		Joachim Stöhr of SSRL and colleagues used the magnetic field associated with ultrashort bunches of high-energy electrons from the two-mile long linear accelerator at Stanford to study how quickly the magnetisation of a grain can be reversed.
		The researchers fired the pulses through different magnetic recording materials and observed the images that were produced.
	physicsweb.org /article/news/8/4/10 (400 words)

	Computer Technology Review: Laser Guided Magnetic Recording. @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Magnetic Recording, although dramatically advanced since its invention by Poulsen, remains the single most enabling technology for digital data recording systems.
		Although magnetic recording was first introduced into the fledgling "computer industry" of the 1950s, it was not until the 1980s that the magnetic recording of digital data began to significantly advance its capabilities.
		A major milestone in the advancement of magnetic recording for data storage came in 1989 with the introduction of the first DLTtape drive.
	highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:64489267&... (1115 words)

	Storage Technology
		One of the key challenges facing the hard drive industry is overcoming the constraints imposed by the superparamagnetic effect, which occurs when the microscopic magnetic grains on the disk become so tiny that they interfere with one another, thus losing their ability to hold their magnetic orientations.
		The result is “flipped bits” – bits whose magnetic north and south poles suddenly and spontaneously reverse – that corrupt data, rendering it and the storage device unreliable and thus unusable.
		Longitudinal recording, as its name indicates, aligns the data bits horizontally, parallel to the surface of the disk.
	www.hitachigst.com /hdd/research/recording_head/pr (269 words)

	Magnetic recording disk
		The magnetic recording disk as in claim 1, wherein at least a part of the non-magnetic powder is an electroconductive powder.
		The magnetic recording disk as in claim 1, wherein the ferromagnetic powder is a ferromagnetic metal powder or a hexagonal series ferrite powder.
		The magnetic recording disk as in claim 2, wherein the electroconductive powder is carbon fl.
	www.devileye.net /patents/automated_de-coking/magnetic_recording_disk.html (265 words)

	UCLA Oral History Program Magnetic Recording Equipment
		Brand-name tape, even the "economy" tape of a major manufacturer, means a precisely-milled and applied magnetic coating with a firm binder to hold the particles to a strong plastic base; precise tape slitting; and a well-constructed casing.
		Although a recorder may be mechanically durable after heavy field use (an assumption made only after discussions with someone experienced with a particular brand and model), an external microphone will be the chief determinant of a good sound recording.
		This residual magnetic force will stay with the heads, guides, etc. on the recorder unless it is removed periodically--perhaps when the recorder is cleaned every 8-12 hours--by means of an inexpensive ($10-15) accessory called a "head demagnetizer." Among the brands of demagnetizers available are Nortronics; Lafayette; Annis Handi-Mag; TDK; and Universal.
	www.library.ucla.edu /libraries/special/ohp/ohpmag.htm (1656 words)

	Understanding ESD Issues in Magnetic Recording
		Also, the magnetic failure voltage is slightly less than half that of the melting failure voltage of the GMR head.
		Magnetic recording engineers must incorporate electrostatic considerations into the design of magnetic recording handling processes, or run the risk of giving undesirable electroshock therapy to MR heads.
		Looking to the future, the importance of understanding ESD in magnetic recording will only grow, since the trend is for each new generation of AMR head, as well as the new GMR head, to be even more sensitive to ESD damage than the previous generation recording heads.
	www.wallash.com /understa.htm (3311 words)

	Amazon.com: Magnetic Storage Handbook: Books: C. Denis Mee,Eric D. Daniel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The trend to digital recording in all applications is described and special coverage is given to signal coding and control of errors.
		And if you're involved with magnetic recording or a related field, you simply can't afford to be outdated.
		Magnetic recording applications can logically be classified in several ways according to the type of signal to be recorded, the geometric shape of the recording medium, or the type of signal encoding used.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0070412758?v=glance (796 words)

	Magnetic Recording Books
		Here is a list of reference books in the field of magnetic recording, some of which I have, and heartily endorse, and others that I know about through the collections of my colleagues, and others still that I believe are worth investigating.
		This is the best introduction to the technical side of magnetic recording, unless, that is, you want to know about magneto-resistive (MR) heads, in which case you should read John's next book, below.
		This book starts with clear theoretical descriptions of recording and readback processes, and finishes with a section of reprints of the most important articles in the journal literature of the field.
	members.aol.com /vtobin/mrbooks.htm (562 words)

	Komag, Inc. - Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		One area the Company has made tremendous strides in is its development of Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (PMR) media.
		Komag debuted the prototype version of its PMR technology in November 2001 and plans to begin production of PMR disks in 2006.
		The results of the Company’s development efforts should enable Komag to continue its tradition of offering drive customers the best possible disk choices ahead of their needs.
	www.komag.com /technology/perpendicular.html (177 words)

	MRL Calibration Tapes
		Many other technical papers on magnetic recording are also available online.
		Flux and Flux-Frequency Measurements and Standardization in Magnetic Recording".
		Topics include the design of magnetic recording heads; the magnetic erasing, recording, and reproducing processes; signal and noise considerations; frequency and wavelength response, measurements, standardization, etc; audio systems and practices; program level indicators; tape transport design, flutter measurement, etc; and miscellany.
	home.flash.net /~mrltapes (1627 words)

	☞ Magnets - Magnetic Tape (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Magnetic recording is the backbone of the electronics revolution. Learn how this analog technology lets you store and erase data!;
		MTS is a manufacturer of magnetic tape measures, magnetic tape measure holders and beltclips sold under the brandnames magtite, stanley quikdraw, fast grip and magneto.
		Superconductors are materials with no electrical resistance that are used to make strong magnets and must be kept extremely cold--otherwise, they lose their superconducting abilities.
	www.aboutmagnets.com /magnetictape (2103 words)

	Head relapping
		JRF Magnetic Sciences offers head relapping plus new and reconditioned magnetic heads for analog tape recorders manufactured by Ampex, MCI/Sony, Otari, Studer, Tascam, TEAC, Fostex, Mincom and most other companies.
		JRF also sells upgrades and Athan replacement parts for most analog audio recorders, tape duplicators, and parts for pro video recorders.
		You have reached the "no-frames" page of the JRF Magnetic Sciences website, most likely because you do not have a frames-capable browser such as Netscape 4.0 (or newer), Internet Explorer 4.0 (or newer), Omniweb 4.x (or newer), Opera, or iCab (newest versions as of October 2000).
	www.jrfmagnetics.com (188 words)

	Baking Magnetic Recording Tape
		Over time, magnetic recording tape becomes unplayable because the binder used to adhere the magnetic material to the backing or a chemical added to the binder becomes unstable.
		This residue is comprised mostly of the magnetic material, and playing a tape in this condition will destroy the recording without accurately playing the recorded audio.
		There are many individual recipes for baking tapes.
	beradio.com /notebook/radio_baking_magnetic_recording_2/index.html (707 words)

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