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Topic: Magnetic storm

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	Magneticosphere - Earth's Magnetic Field
		Earth's magnetic field (and the surface magnetic field) is approximately a magnetic dipole, with one pole near the north pole and the other near the geographic south pole.
		Currently the south magnetic pole is farther from the geographic south pole than the north magnetic pole is from the north geographic pole.
		Using a magnetic detector (a variant of a compass), scientists have measured the historical direction of the Earth's magnetic field, by studying the layered iron-rich lava rocks.
	www.crystalinks.com /magnetics.html (1497 words)

	Magnetic Storms
		The main signature of a magnetic storm is a southward magnetic field, weakening the northward field usually observed in equatorial regions.
		Because the signature of the storm is clearest around the equator, observers (starting with Masahisa Sugiura) introduced a "Dst index" ("D" for disturbance, "st" for storm, in the shorthand of magnetic observatories), essentially an average of the disturbance as recorded by several stations around the Earth's equator.
		In today's terminology one might say that the intense field of sunspots was likely to lead to sudden releases of magnetic energy, manifested by flares and coronal mass ejections, and those in their turn sent out fast interplanetary plasma clouds whose shock fronts caused magnetic storms.
	www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov /Education/wmagstrm.html (1617 words)

	Magnetic Storm - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Magnetic Storm, disturbance of the Earth’s magnetic field that follows the arrival of energetic particles from the Sun, released during violent...
		The solar wind carries with it a magnetic field whose strength and orientation are determined by activity and features close to the Sun’s surface....
		When the properties of the solar wind are disturbed by conditions on the Sun, these disturbances are transmitted to the magnetosphere, causing storms...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Magnetic_Storm.html (131 words)

	Science Question of the Week - solar storm - November 7, 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Magnetic storm index Dst for the twin intense magnetic storms of the
		The interplanetary magnetic field varied from slightly northward to slightly southward, but between 17 hours Universal Time (UT, Greenwich time) on the 29th and 2 UT on the 30th it was strongly southward.
		For Dst plots which track magnetic storms, go to: http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/SatelliteRisks/lastweek.html which gives you a choice of weekly, monthly or current data--the latter citing the value of Dst (note the color bar on the right, showing how severely disturbed the Earth environment is).
	www.gsfc.nasa.gov /scienceques2003/20031107.htm (1133 words)

	NORDLYS - Northern Lights
		But if you manually spin the magnet, you will do the opposite: induce an electrical current in the conductor, which is what happens with all electrical equipment inside the magnetosphere when it moves.
		In 1989 a magnetic storm induced a so large electrical current in power grids that the Hydro-Quebec powerplant in Quebec, Canada, broke down and left thousands without power for hours.
		During the storm of October29th, 2003, JAXA (the Japanese space agency) lost contact with one of their satellites, DRTS.
	www.northern-lights.no /english/articles/2003_10_invisible_storm.shtml (589 words)

	Earth Changes TV - Geomagnetic Storm Engulfs Earth
		A major, or category-G3 magnetic storm is midway on NOAA’s scale of a minor, or G1 storm to an extreme, or category G5 storm.
		He said forecasters believe the geomagnetic storm was caused by coronal mass ejections – large amounts of electrically charged gas or plasma exploding off the sun’s surface.
		The geomagnetic storm was not caused by another X-class or major flare that erupted on the sun at 6:37 a.m.
	www.earthchangestv.com /breaking/July2000/0714geomagnetic.htm (618 words)

	MAGNETIC FLIPS
		On the left is a normal dipolar magnetic field, typical of the long years between polarity reversals.
		The open magnetic field lines at the north pole of the earth will be pointing towards the sun, receiving a peak amount of solar particles.
		We also know from studies of the magnetization of minerals in ancient clay pots that the Earth's magnetic field was approximately twice as strong in Roman times as it is now.
	www.astrosciences.info /magflips.htm (1834 words)

	Wired News: Next Up: Magnetic Storms
		A lot has changed in the 11 years since the last major magnetic storm, especially our increasing dependence on telecommunications, one of the areas that would be hardest hit by this magnetic activity.
		While geomagnetic storms are responsible for the beautiful effects of the Northern lights, they also pose a serious threat to commercial and military satellite operators, as well as power companies, astronauts, and even oil pipelines, where they can increase corrosion, the USGS said.
		The USGS produces models of the Earth’s magnetic field that are used in military and civilian navigational systems and in research for studies of the effects of geomagnetic storms on the ionosphere, atmosphere, and near-space environment.
	www.wired.com /news/technology/0,1282,33411,00.html (824 words)

	NOVA \| Magnetic Storm \| TV Program Description \| PBS
		The most visible signs of Earth's magnetic field are auroras, which are caused by charged particles from space interacting with the atmosphere as they flow into the north and south magnetic poles.
		At the present rate, Earth's magnetic field could be gone within a few centuries, exposing the planet to the relentless blast of charged particles from space with unpredictable consequences for the atmosphere and life.
		Some researchers believe we are already in the transition phase, with growing areas of magnetic anomaly—where field lines are moving the wrong way—signaling an ever weaker and chaotic state for our protective shield.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/magnetic/about.html (639 words)

	What is a magnetic storm? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The causes of magnetic storms are explained, in general terms, in the Introduction to Geomagnetism page given on this website.
		The second cause of magnetic storms is the occasional direct linkage of the Sun’s magnetic field with that of the Earth’s.
		This direct magnetic connection is not the normal state of affairs, but when it occurs, charged particles, traveling along magnetic-field lines, can easily enter the magnetosphere, generate currents, and cause the magnetic field to undergo time-dependent variation.
	interactive2.usgs.gov /faq/list_faq_by_category/get_answer.asp?id=490 (248 words)

	NOVA \| Transcripts \| Magnetic Storm \| PBS
		Magnetism, a close relative of electricity, lies at the heart of most modern technology, everything from power stations to the television you're watching now.
		But if we lost the magnetic field, there would be nothing to stop the radiation bathing the whole of the atmosphere, and the effect would be much more dangerous.
		But 50 years ago, when scientists measured the magnetism trapped in older lava samples, they made a startling discovery: the microscopic magnets within the lava were all pointing south.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/transcripts/3016_magnetic.html (6631 words)

	Magnetosphere - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The magnetosphere of Earth is a region in space whose shape is primarily determined by the distortion of Earth's internal magnetic field and by the solar wind plasma and the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF).
		A magnetic tail is formed by solar winds blowing electrified gases, plasma, trapped in a planet's magnetosphere away from the sun.
		Magnetism due to electric currents alone was first noted by Oersted and Ampére in 1820, and is a fundamental property of "Maxwell's Equations" (1864), the mathematical formulation of electromagnetism due to James Clerk Maxwell.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Magnetic_tail (3118 words)

	Re: Will there be a magnetic storm on the sun causing northern lights?
		The phrase "magnetic storm" usually refers to something that happens when the Earth's magnetic field is suddenly stronger, and there are more charged particles and electricity in the upper atmosphere.
		So magnetic storms -- which humans can't feel or see -- might be made obvious by particularly brilliant displays of the Aurora.
		It would be nice if we could, because magnetic storms damage scientific and communications satellites, and if we knew when storms were coming we could find ways to protect these expensive and necessary things.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/may97/860164450.Es.r.html (713 words)

	S.O.N. \| Magnetosphere
		Throughout the Magnetosphere section the terms storm, geomagnetic storm or magnetic storm will be used to indicate a disturbance in Earth’s magnetic field.
		Storms are generally long term events that last from a few hours to a few days.
		In addition, there are classroom-ready activities to help students to learn about magnetism, to develop operational definitions of magnetic field and magnetic poles, and to learn about the magnetic fields of the Earth and Sun.
	son.nasa.gov /tass/magnetosphere/index_e.htm (386 words)

	EARTH CHANGES - TV Magnetic Shift
		"The magnetic field is carried by the vortex, and in addition, we suppose that the field is (partly) generated by the vortex deeper within the core," Olson said.
		The planetary magnetism readings peaked at "6" last night and were high enough and sustained enough to generate a Magnetic-A Index of greater than 20 for yesterday...
		Some believe the effects of the magnetic shift which includes the magnetic fields decrease, as well the earth's vibratory increase, could have similar effects as that of being in a less gravitational force.
	www.earthchangestv.com /magshift/index.htm (3395 words)

	The extreme magnetic storm of 1–2 September 1859
		The 1–2 September 1859 magnetic storm was the most intense in recorded history on the basis of previously reported ground observations and on newly reduced ground-based magnetic field data.
		Because the data for the high-energy tails of solar flares and magnetic storms are extremely sparse, the tail distributions and therefore the probabilities of occurrence cannot be assigned with any reasonable accuracy.
		A further complication is a lack of knowledge of the saturation mechanisms of flares and magnetic storms.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2003/2002JA009504.shtml (298 words)

	Window Saver Kits and Construction
		On a completed Window Saver, rubber strip magnets (your refrigerator door uses these), are mounted at the edges of the Plexiglas and cling to vinyl-covered steel strips surrounding the window.
		Mount rubber magnetic strips around the Plexiglas at its edges using pressure sensitive adhesive.
		In this example the lower cleat and steel and the magnet on the Plexiglas have been replaced by a weather strip.
	www.windowsaver.com /magstorm.html (345 words)

	SPACE.com -- Space Storm Hits, Earth Survives
		The outcome depended on the whether the storm's magnetic orientation was the same or different than that of Earth's magnetic field.
		Kunches noted that the magnetic direction of the storm could change before it is over, causing a burst of problems.
		The space storm is intrinsically stronger than one on March 6, 1989 that tripped a power grid in Quebec, Canada.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/solar_flare_031029.html (1252 words)

	IMAGE Explores Earth's Magnetic Field
		Although the crust is solid, the core of the Earth is surrounded by a mixture of molten iron and nickle.
		The magnetic field of Earth is caused by currents of electricity that flow in the molten core.
		The magnetic poles of Earth are not fixed on the surface, but wander quite a bit as the map shows.
	image.gsfc.nasa.gov /poetry/magnetism/magnetism.html (1919 words)

	Canadian ‘space camera’ sends images of magnetic storm
		Space storms like the one that appeared above the Arctic are actually streams of magnetic energy from the sun, which can be thought of as solar ‘burps’.
		Although magnetic storms are responsible for these beautiful displays they can also cause millions of dollars of damage to high-tech space satellites, explains Kendall.
		Storm frequencies are expected to rise by the year 2001 as the sun climbs to its energy cycle peak.
	www.exn.ca /Templates/Story.cfm?ID=1997041604 (503 words)

	SPACE.com -- Major Solar Storm Begins Onslaught of Earth
		Depending on the storm's magnetic orientation, it could set off a dramatic display of colorful Northern Lights well into mid-latitudes of the United States and Europe into early Thursday.
		The storm associated with the flare is called a coronal mass ejection, an expanding bubble of charged particles that race outward.
		The storm's magnetic field cannot be measured until about 30 minutes before it hits.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/solar_flare_031028.html (1443 words)

	RIA Novosti - Opinion & analysis - Magnetic storms echo
		However, the damage inflicted by magnetic storms on human health has been found to be different.
		They occur in about half of all magnetic storms, and are most typical for a prelude to a storm with insignificant changes in the geomagnetic field (mostly affecting high altitudes), and for the recovery phase, when the geomagnetic field is coming back to normal.
		The influence of a magnetic storm was obvious.
	en.rian.ru /analysis/20060525/48611185.html (1231 words)

	MINOR MAGNETIC STORM BEGINNING 1999 MAY18
		Magnetic storms occur when a solar flare sends a gust if ionized hydrogen into the otherwise steady solar wind.
		From 24 to 48 hours after the flare, the gust in the solar wind strikes the outer edge of the earth's magnetic field, causing a sudden jump in the field measured at the surface.
		In this storm, the traces dropped a bit before their large increase, in which case the SSC label is changed to SSC*.
	www.okgeosurvey1.gov /level2/ok.grams/mag990518.html (275 words)

	Major magnetic storm in progess!
		These conditions are favourable for major magnetic storm activity, which has been observed at the magnetic observatories around Canada.
		Magnetic storms and associated events in near-Earth space can cause problems with technological systems, such as electric power transmission grids, satellite operations, radio communications, and navigational aids.
		For further information on the magnetic storms, you are invited to visit our website at www.geolab.nrcan.gc.ca There, you can view the latest magnetic forecasts.
	www.dias.ie /mtnet/majordomo/archives/99_00/msg00048.html (368 words)

	Magnetic Storm NOVA DVD
		Magnets have the power to attract and repel--sometimes on a massive scale.
		The Earth's molten core--a violent mix of searing heat, crushing pressure, and a billion trillion tons of liquid iron--creates an invisible shield that surrounds the globe, guarding against a constant barrage of deadly radiation from space.
		The power generated 2000 miles beneath our feet protects us every day, but the loss of Earth's magnetic field is a brewing storm that affects us all.
	www.physlink.com /estore/cart/MagneticStormsDVD.cfm (249 words)

	NASA satellite spots an auroral storm
		Magnetic lines of force, which look a bit like a squashed bar magnet's, deflect charged particles from the Sun so that they don't hit our atmosphere head on.
		The substorm was detected just after NASA's ACE spacecraft measured a sharp increase in solar wind speed (from 630 to 750 km/s) and a flip in the sign of the interplanetary magnetic field from predominantly southward to northward.
		Intense electric fields are suddenly created by the magnetic reconnection and highly energized plasma shoots toward the aurora ovals over the Earth's north and south poles.
	science.nasa.gov /headlines/y2000/ast02mar_1m.htm (1141 words)

	April 2000 magnetic storm: Solar wind driver and magnetospheric response
		event in the sheath region caused a magnetic storm that was the second strongest in the year 2000 if quantified by the peak of the Dst index.
		During the main phase of the storm, the magnetosphere and ionosphere were in highly perturbed states, with several activations all around the auroral region.
		During the storm, the geomagnetically induced currents were strongly enhanced during several periods.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2002.../2001JA009154.shtml (349 words)

	deseretnews.com \| Sun emits another storm of magnetic particles
		The space weather forecast for Earth's neighborhood is stormy through Friday morning at least, as the sun belched another huge cloud of highly charged particles toward Earth on Wednesday afternoon.
		A previous, unusually powerful magnetic storm struck Earth early Wednesday, but it apparently didn't trigger big power flouts or other major problems.
		Such storms have caused power disturbances in the United States and Canada at least 11 times since 1940 because they generate currents that flow through Earth's surface, which in turn can disrupt utility operations.
	deseretnews.com /dn/view/0,1249,525034679,00.html (444 words)

	hiptop.com :: View topic - Magnetic Storm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A geomagnetic storm is a temporary disturbance of the Earth's magnetosphere.
		Associated with solar coronal mass ejections (CME), coronal holes, or solar flares, a geomagnetic storm is caused by a solar wind shock wave which typically strikes the Earth's magnetic field 24 to 36 hours after the event.
		The anomolies caused by magnetic storms are often experienced as audible interference in broadcast radio and are noticable in the form of static-y crackling noises, buzzes, hums, or pops in the background of transmissions.
	www.hiptop.com /forums/viewtopic.php?t=57143 (919 words)

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