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	Magnetostriction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The effect is called magnetostriction, and it is one of the magnetic properties which accompanies ferromagnetism.
		Magnetostriction can be used to create vibrators, where usually some lever action is used in conjunction with the magnetic deformation to increase the resultant amplitude of vibration.
		Magnetostriction is also used to produce ultrasonic vibrations either as a sound source or as ultrasonic waves in liquids which can act as a cleaning mechanism in ultrasonic cleaning devices.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/solids/magstrict.html (334 words)

	Other Magnetic Materials
		There are two types of magnetostriction: spontaneous magnetostriction which arises from the magnetic ordering of atomic moments below the Curie temperature (usually causing a volume expansion) and field induced magnetostriction which arises from the alignment of magnetic domains on application of an applied field.
		Spontaneous magnetostriction is exploited in the NiFe based alloy known as invar, which is noted for the fact that it shows zero thermal expansion up to its Curie temperature.
		In the case of invar this contraction due to loss of spontaneous magnetostriction is equal to the expansion caused by normal thermal vibration processes, and hence the material shows no change in dimensions.
	www.aacg.bham.ac.uk /magnetic_materials/other_mag_materials.htm (620 words)

	magnetostrictive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Magnetostriction is defined as the dimensional change of a magnetic material caused by a change in its magnetic state and the reverse effect by which an applied stress causes a change in the material’s magnetic state.
		In the early 1960’s the magnetostrictive properties of terbium and dysprosium were identified but, due to the low Curie temperatures of the two elements, they were not suitable for use at room temperature.
		To attempt to produce a material that would exhibit large magnetostriction at room temperature terbium and dysprosium were alloyed with transition metals, in 1971 this led to giant magnetostriction at room temperature of the alloys TbFe2 and DyFe2.
	www.usitt.ecs.soton.ac.uk /magnetostrictive.shtml (501 words)

	Magnetostriction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Magnetostriction is a property of ferromagnetic materials that causes them to change their shape when subjected to a magnetic field.
		Two other effects are related to magnetostriction: the Matteucci effect is the creation of a helical anisotropy of the susceptibility of a magnetostrictive material when subjected to a torque and the Wiedemann effect is the twisting of these materials when an helical magnetic field is applied to them.
		Among alloys, the highest known magnetostriction is exhibited by Terfenol-D, (Ter for terbium, Fe for iron, NOL for Naval Ordnance Laboratory, and D for dysprosium).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Magnetostriction (382 words)

	Nanoparticles in Austin
		Magnetostrictive materials allow interchange of mechanical and magnetic energies, that means for example they produce strains in the magnetic field.
		The terminus "Magnetostriction" is derived from the greek "magnet" and the latin "strictus" - compressed, pressured, tense.
		The most popular definition of magnetostriction says that magnetostriction is a change of shape, dimensions and mechanical properties under the influence of a magnetic field, or in reverse it is a change of magnetic properties (i.e.
	www.ph.utexas.edu /~laser/projects/magneto/background.html (349 words)

	Polycrystalline Tb/Dy Alloy for Magnetostrictive Actuators
		Magnetostrictive actuators are attractive for generating motion at cryogenic temperatures, where piezoelectric actuators lose much of their effectiveness.
		The Tb/Dy alloy exhibits a large magnetostriction at low temperatures, with the ratio of Tb to Dy chosen so that the anisotropy is minimized for the temperature range of operation.
		To obtain sufficient actuation performance (see figure) that results in saturation magnetostriction, which is 60 percent of the saturation magnetostriction of single-crystal Tb/Dy, it is necessary to orient a substantial fraction of the crystal grains by a suitable mechanical treatment.
	www.nasatech.com /Briefs/Aug99/NPO20273.html (333 words)

	Magnetostriction
		From my very basic (virtually layman) understanding of magnetostriction, I do not see that there should be a difference in the underlying principle on the basis of whether the material is ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic.
		The lattice constants of an insulating crystal are determined by the various interactions between the atomic nucleii and the electrons (and take on those values that minimize the free energy comprising of all these interaction terms).
		In the absence of an applied field, the atomic spins are lined up in some arbitrary (actually, they tend to orient along easy axes/planes, but a discussion of magnetic anisotropy is worthy of a whole thread by itself) direction (within a domain).
	www.physicsforums.com /showthread.php?t=76190 (949 words)

	Probing Particle Dispersion in Nanoparticle Composites with Electro- and Magnetostriction
		The primary of this project was to use electro- and magnetostriction as methods for characterizing the degree of dispersion in such composites.
		We have also begun investigating a new relationship between particle dispersion and electro- and magnetostriction; electric and magnetic fields can themselves be exploited to control the degree of particle dispersion.
		Current work focuses on further development of electro- and magnetostriction measurements for probing particle dispersions, as well as modeling and experimental efforts to understand the factors that determine the patterns developed in field-activated composites.
	mrsec.wisc.edu /Research/Seeds/seed_old1.php (347 words)

	Laboratory of Electromechanics
		Magnetostriction and effects of geometry changes on magnetic field are accounted for.
		Calculations without magnetostriction, show that the radial displacement of the stator core of a synchronous machine is lower than the one calculated with a non-coupled model.
		The effect of Rayleigh damping factors on the vibrational behaviour of the stator core of a synchronous generator is studied using the presented model.
	www.tkk.fi /Units/Electromechanics/publications/abs2004.html (2140 words)

	Silicon Steels and Their Applications
		Higher silicon varieties, which might be favored on the basis of increased resistivity and lower magnetostriction, are precluded by difficulties in cold rolling.
		In addition, magnetostriction is reduced by improving the texture and by introducing tensile stresses through application of glass-type insulation coatings.
		Because compressive stresses affect magnetostriction adversely, it is important that the lamination remains flat for assembly.
	www.key-to-steel.com /Articles/Art101.htm (2061 words)

	ETREMA Products, Inc. - Core Technology
		Magnetostriction is the property that causes certain ferromagnetic materials to change shape in a magnetic field.
		The mechanism of magnetostriction can act as a very sensitive sensor by converting mechanical work into electrical energy.
		Rather than having an external magnetic field force the rotation of magnetic domains to deform the crystal to do mechanical work, devices can be made where mechanical vibrations or loads deform the crystal and, in doing so, rotate the magnetic domains, which generates a transient current.
	www.etrema-usa.com /core (172 words)

	Martensitic Magnetostriction Measurements (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The results of the hard axis curves performed at 1.9 and 8.3 MPa applied load allow for a calculation of the magnetostriction constant for a single variant of martensite.
		The M-H curves below show that larger applied loads require larger fields to saturate, which implies that rotation of the magnetization within the single variant microstructure produces a contraction in the direction of the applied field, and an extension in the loading direction.
		Because of the extension in the loading direction due to magnetostriction within the single variant, any increase in applied load corresponds to an increase in mechanical energy which must be overcome by additional applied field energy in order to saturate the specimen.
	www.aem.umn.edu /people/others/tickle/marmag.htm (139 words)

	Magnetostriction type torque sensor with temperature dependent error compensation (US4989460)
		A magnetostriction type torque sensor employs a plurality of detector coils arranged in axial arrangement along an objective rotary body.
		The detector coils are so designed and arranged as to compensate influence of temperature, particularly the error caused due to axial temperature gradient caused in the objective rotary body.
		A magnetostriction type torque sensor for monitoring rotational torque applied to a rotating object comprising:
	www.delphion.com /details?pn=US04989460__ (208 words)

	Magnetostriction: fundamental principles and novel magneto-strictive materials (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A Terfenol magnetostrictive device for generation of seismic waves (from Handbook of Giant Magnetostrictive Materials, G. Engdahl, Academic,New York,2000).
		As concluding remarks, we have seen that the most fundamental interactions in solids (exchange, CEF and spin-lattice), taken together with electronic structure, are involved in magnetostriction, and from which fundamental information can be extacted.
		Magnetostriction is a ubiquitous phenomenon in solid matter, spanning a wide range of values, between
	www.europhysicsnews.com /full/24/article3/article3.html (1962 words)

	LAFOUDA Solutions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The exceptional sensitivity of this instrument enables one to graph the sample's strain (proportional to the magnetostriction) as a function of applied field magnitude, in any range within the 1 to 50 Oersted interval.
		In the example attached the test report shows how the magnetostriction increases with the magnitude of the rotating field.
		This information package includes measurement repeatability statistics (with a sample printout of the saturation magnetostriction test report), a system concept diagram illustrating the principle of the cantilever beam technique, two sample printouts of the graphic reporting capability, and a specifications sheet.
	www.lafouda.com /lambda.htm (195 words)

	Transformer Noise Chapter 2
		Transformer noise is caused by a phenomenon called magnetostriction.
		The act of magnetization by applying a voltage to a transformer produces a flux, or magnetic lines of force in the core.
		It means that the amount of flux at the normal voltage is invariably fixed, thus setting the noise and vibration level.
	www.federalpacific.com /university/transnoise/chapter2.html (354 words)

	Research E138 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Exchange coupling may reduce the external field for saturation but it should not reduce the magnetostriction value.The following samples are investigated with respect to magnetostriction.
		This means that composites need materials with high magnetostriction together with materials with a piezoelectric effect.
		The coupling between the two phases depends sensitively on the microstructure of the material which can be influenced by the sample preparation as well as the treatment.
	www.ifp.tuwien.ac.at /forschung/F0/02M3_Magnetostrictive.htm (304 words)

	Magntoresistance and magnetostriction in magnetic contacts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		As in nature, the processes are mostly electrochemical, and it just might be that man natural forms could be influenced by subtleties of the surrounding stray magnetic fields.
		The method is simple, diret and illustrative in a visual manner of a phenomenon only previously measured indirectly, and its potential is endless with applications ranging from nanotechnology and nanocircuitry to the exploration of new magnetic materials and even with possible extnsions in biology.
		Besides technological applications the direct observation of magnetostriction holds the potential to expand the understanding of the relationship between mechanical and magnetic properties of materials, and may even lead to the observaton of magneto-mechanical phenomena on the atomic level.
	www.europhysicsnews.com /full/24/article11/article11.html (2487 words)

	Welcome to Magnetic Materials Group Webpage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Large magnetostriction values obtained by the addition of Ga to Fe.
		Magnetostriction of Fe increased by nearly 10 times.
		This magnetostriction is achieved at fields that are very low and with very low hysteresis
	www.mines.utah.edu /~wmmete/MMLWEB/Research.html (199 words)

	LAFOUDA Solutions - Automated Magnetostriction Testers
		In two minutes the LAMBDA09 produces a hard copy report of the Saturation Magnetostriction Coefficient of thin film samples on small rectangular substrates, typically 1.5" by.25", (38mm long by 6mm wide), 500 microns thick.
		Substrate material is typically Silicon but other materials can be used as long as their Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio are known.
		The information contained in the printout is also automatically archived on hard disk, for quick and easy retrieval, if later desired.
	www.lafouda.com (174 words)

	Welcome to Magnetic Materials Group Webpage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Magnetostrictive strains of ~1% in the basal planes of Dy and Tb at temperatures < 150 K. (Tb,Dy) alloys are being used in space shuttles and other space crafts where large actuations are needed
		The powder composite of Terfenol-D and soft phase (Fe, Cu, or Al) would be tougher and easier to machine.
		Large Magnetostriction (200-400 ppm) but have Young's modulus values several times that of Terfenol
	www.mines.utah.edu /~wmmete/MMLWEB/Development.html (151 words)

	Shb Instruments, inc. - Setting the Standard in Magnetic Measurement
		The new SHB Model 110 instrument can generate 10,000 Oersteds or higher fields, and retains all of the other operating advantage of the AC meaurement system used in the 109A.
		This is a specialized instrument that measures only magnetostriction.
		And the new SHB magnetostriction pickups due out next year should be as good or better than a LaFouda system, without advanced measurement techniques being needed.
	www.shbinstruments.com /advantages.html (447 words)

	Principle; How Magnetostriction Works (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Click this link to see a Flash presentation about how magnetostriction works.
		In a MTS linear-position or liquid-level sensor, a sonic strain pulse is induced in a specially designed magnetostrictive waveguide by the momentary interaction of two magnetic fields.
		There are two classic applications of this technology – one where the magnet is attached to a machine part to sense linear position, and the other where the magnet is placed inside a float (designed for a specific density) and the sensor then measures liquid level.
	www.mtssensors.com /Principle.htm (241 words)

	PIRA 5G45.00 MAGNETOSTRICTION AND MAGNETORES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		One end of a ferromagnetic rod in a coil touches one plate of a Newton's rings apparatus.
		An optical lever arrangement shows magnetostriction of nickel wire.
		The magnetostrictive resonance is measured with and without an external field.
	www.wesleyan.edu /physics/demos/pirabib/5eandm/5G45.html (118 words)

	Contactless Displacement Transducers
		Contactless Magnetostrictive Linear Position Transducer (CANopen Output)
		Contactless Magnetostrictive Linear Position Transducer (Synchronous Serial Output)
		Sensor position data are coded in binary or Gray code and transmitted at high speed via Serial Synchronous Interface (SSI).
	www.bigchiefheaters.com /contactless8.htm (166 words)

	Japanese Patent 3697506 B2 - giant magnetostriction alloy and the preparation method which is prominent in oxidation ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Japanese Patent 3697506 B2 - giant magnetostriction alloy and the preparation method which is prominent in oxidation resistance
		giant magnetostriction alloy and the preparation method which is prominent in oxidation resistance
		of giant magnetostriction alloy which gave oxidation resistance which does the thing which manufactures giant magnetostriction alloy which advanced not to mar by giant magnetostriction characteristic and oxidation resistance, with the characteristic
	cxp.paterra.com /jppatent3697506.html (199 words)

	magnetostriction,magnetostrictive transducer,magnetostrictive storage manufacturers and magnetostrictive transducers ...
		Magnetostriction, magnetostrictive transducer, magnetostrictive storage manufacturer, supplier, factory, exporter--China Rongtech International INC. are available from the catalogue, e-commerce and store network, Over 5,000 products, magnetostriction, magnetostrictive transducer, magnetostrictive storage, magnetostrictive transducers.
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	www.web-marketings.com /1/79_magnetostriction.htm (256 words)

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