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Topic: Magnification

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	Magnification - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Optical Magnification is the ratio between the apparent size of an object (or its size in an image) and its true size, and thus it is a dimensionless number.
		Measuring the actual angular magnification of a telescope is difficult, but it is possible to use the reciprocal relationship between the linear magnification and the angular magnification, since the linear magnification is constant for all objects.
		The telescope is focussed correctly for viewing objects at the distance for which the angular magnification is to be determined and then the object glass is used as an object the image of which is known as the Ramsden disc.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Magnification (770 words)

	Magnification Devices
		Magnification is simply a comparison of the size of the subject in real life to the size of its image on film, expressed as a ratio or fraction.
		A magnification ratio of 1:1, or life-size, means that a subject that is 1 inch long in real life will also measure 1 inch on film.
		A magnification ratio of 1:2, or one-half life-size, means that a subject that measures 1 inch in real life will measure 1/2 inch on film.
	www.apogeephoto.com /june2000/rotenberg4.shtml (341 words)

	Magnification (album) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Magnification is an album by progressive rock band Yes and was released in 2001.
		Released on September 11, 2001 (and held over for three months in America), Magnification - while not received on the level of Close to the Edge - still had a warm reception from critics and fans.
		Magnification (Eagle Eagle 189EAG) reached #71 in the UK and #186 in the US during a chart stay of 1 week.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Magnification_(album) (261 words)

	Magnification
		Normally, the magnification of a lens is written in a slightly different form rather than as a single number.
		The life-size magnification is rewritten as 1:1, and 2:1 and 1:2 are larger than and smaller than life-size, respectively.
		Consequently, the traditional "magnification," which is decoupled from sensor resolution, is still the best way of describing the macro power of a lens, even though the user must factor in the sensor size and resolution.
	www.cs.mtu.edu /~shene/DigiCam/User-Guide/Close-Up/BASICS/Magnification.html (2112 words)

	formula for a diopter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		It is important to note that as magnification increases, meaning the lenses used are stronger, viewing areas and focal length decrease.
		Magnification is usually expressed by a number followed by an "x", the symbol used to express power or the size of the object in relationship to its actual size.
		Remember, as you increase magnification, you decrease both the focal length and the viewing area.
	www.howardelectronics.com /scienscope/diopter.html (402 words)

	Imaginis - Special Mammography Views (Spot Compression and Magnification Views) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Magnification views use a small magnification table (depending on type of mammography system being used by the facility) which brings the breast closer to the x-ray source and further away from the film plate.
		Magnification views provide a clearer assessment of the borders and the tissue structures of a suspicious area or a mass.
		Magnification views are often used to evaluate micro-calcifications, tiny specks of calcium in the breast that may indicate a small cancer.
	www.imaginis.com /breasthealth/special_views.asp (736 words)

	Magnification (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Magnification is the source of the biggest misconception in amateur astronomy.
		Magnification is the number of times an optical system enlarges an image.
		Magnification is determined by the Focal Length of your telescope and by the eyepiece in use.
	www.starizona.com /basics/mag.cfm (552 words)

	Info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Magnification is the degree to which the object is enlarged.
		With a 7x35 binocular, the object will appear to be seven times closer than without the aid of a binocular.
		A 10x50 binocular has 10 times magnification with a 50mm objective lens.
	www.telescopios.com /Includes/info_magnification.html (73 words)

	How to Buy Binoculars. How to select and get the best binoculars deal. Binoculars feature reviews
		The first number is the power or magnification of the binocular.
		Generally, the higher the magnification, the narrower the field of view.
		Magnification is changed with a convenient lever or knob allowing you to increase the magnification when you want to get in close for detail from a distance.
	www.opticsplanet.com /info/how_to_buy_binoculars.shtml (1260 words)

	Nikon MicroscopyU: Interactive Java Tutorials - Useful Magnification Range
		The range of useful magnification for an objective/eyepiece combination is defined by the numerical aperture of the microscope optical system.
		At the other end of the spectrum, the maximum useful magnification of an image is usually set at 1000 times the numerical aperture (1000 x NA) as given by the equation above.
		Magnifications higher than this value will yield no further useful information or finer resolution of image detail, and will usually lead to image degradation.
	www.microscopyu.com /tutorials/java/usefulmagnification (417 words)

	CameraHobby - Magnification and Perspective (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Magnification and perspective are related, but obviously not the same.
		Magnification is simple enough to understand since it is magnifying a subject using more powerful lenses.
		Macro photography is also about magnification, but for this article, we will only look at magnification in general using regular lenses outside of the macro range.
	www.camerahobby.com /Photo-Magnification.htm (579 words)

	Bertech Notes on Magnification
		Once the diopter number is known, other parameters such as magnification power and total power can be calculated.
		A magnification power of 1x means the object’s size has been increased by 100%.
		Since the magnification power represents 4 times the diopter number, divide diopter by 3 to calculate it.
	www.bertech.com /product8/magnifi_notes.htm (673 words)

	Spectacle Magnification
		It is, if fact, a function of the magnification (or minification) induced by the progressive increase in prism going from the optical center of the lens to the periphery.
		There would be no magnification on the 180 meridian, but there would be magnification on the 90th meridian.
		In this case the magnification inherent in the glasses lens will cause the image on the right retina to be bigger than the image on the left retina, resulting in aniseikonia.
	www.nfos.org /degree/opt12/spectacle_magnification.html (2039 words)

	Magnification Programs for the Computer Screen - American Foundation for the Blind
		Screen magnification software programs are loaded into the computer's memory, and remain active so as to magnify the text and graphics that appear in programs and applications run thereafter.
		Magnification programs are designed to work like a magnifying glass moving over a page.
		Fonts used in magnification programs are usually designed to smooth out the jagged or "stair-step" appearance of computer-produced diagonal or curved lines.
	www.afb.org /info_document_view.asp?documentid=1387 (871 words)

	Nonlinear Magnification (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		At the core of our theoretical basis for nonlinear magnification lies the distinction between transformation functions which directly transform the spatial coordinates, and magnification functions which reflect the degree of magnification that is implicit within the transformation.
		We will see how the implicit magnification field of a transformation can be computed, and will also provide an iterative method for constructing a transformation from a specified magnification field.
		We will also develop a general framework for describing the levels on which nonlinear magnification can be applied, and examine the issue of how to effectively synchronize detail rendering functions to take advantage of the extra space produced by nonlinear magnification transformations.
	www.cs.indiana.edu /hyplan/tkeahey/research/papers/thesis.html (345 words)

	Magnification
		In the world of the non astronomer and the novice the magnification of an object is all that matters.
		The first factor to be considered when thinking about the magnification of a telescope is quite simply its size.
		The limiting magnification is quite simply based on the size of the objective lens or mirror.
	members.tripod.com /irwincur/magnification.htm (1072 words)

	Magnification Technology
		Magnification helps those with low vision by enlarging text in print and on computer screens.
		Hardware for magnification comes with text enlargement software as well as a dedicated video-controller circuit card that processes the magnification commands.
		Magnification range is dependent on the size of the screen being used for display, but enlargement sizes of 6 to 12 times can be accommodated on a 12" screen.
	www2.edc.org /NCIP/library/vi/magnifi.htm (1842 words)

	Universe Today - 200,000 Quasars Confirm Einstein's Prediction
		The SDSS discovery ends a two decade-old disagreement between earlier magnification measurements and other cosmological tests of the relationship between galaxies, dark matter and the overall geometry of the universe.
		The SDSS researchers definitively measured the slight brightening, or "magnification" of quasars and connect the effect to the density of galaxies and dark matter along the path of the quasar light.
		However, the magnification signal is a very small effect -- as small as a few percent increases in the light coming from each quasar.
	www.universetoday.com /am/publish/200000_quasars.html?2642005 (913 words)

	Glossary of Adaptive Technologies: Screen Magnification
		Most screen magnification software has the flexibility to magnify the full screen, parts of the screen or provide a magnifying glass view of the area around the cursor or pointer.
		Although screen magnification products now include "screen readers" if you are using the magnification software on 6x magnification on any size monitor, it is generally recommended that you should be looking at moving to a full screen reader.
		featured screen magnification program for the Macintosh which offers 1 to 16 times magnification of all or part of the screen, the ability to invert the screen to white on fl, it's can be used in conjunctions with most Macintosh applications.
	www.utoronto.ca /atrc/reference/tech/scmag.html (671 words)

	Telescope Magnification
		While aperture, magnification, and exit pupil are the key specifications for binoculars, manufacturers never give the f/number of the objective as a specification.
		Its diameter is equal to the objective diameter divided by the magnification.
		In general you can increase the magnification to darken the sky (the field stop is a good reference for "fl") as long as there is still sufficient sky showing around the object of interest to provide contrast.
	www.analyticalsci.com /Astronomy/Telescopes/imagestv/Telescope_Magnification.htm (3615 words)

	Magnification Programs for the Computer Screen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Magnification levels vary -- the least expensive product limits magnification to 2x and some of the more expensive products provide up to 16x magnification.
		A limitation of screen magnification software (and magnification in general) is that as on-screen material is magnified, less of it fits on the screen.
		In addition to screen magnification software systems, SuperVista, from TeleSensory Corp., is a magnification system made up of software, a card that is installed in the computer, and a three button mouse.
	www.uchsc.edu /atp/library/fastfacts/magnification.htm (892 words)

	Nonlinear Magnification InfoCenter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Nonlinear magnification is a term that reflects the fundamental process that is central to the many techniques which have been described in the literature under such names as "fisheye views" "distortion-oriented presentation" and "focus+context".
		The basic characteristics of nonlinear magnification are non-occluding in-place magnification which preserves a view of the global context.
		The Brief Tour of Nonlinear Magnification provides a quick visual overview of some of the effects that can be achieved with nonlinear magnification.
	www.cs.indiana.edu /hyplan/tkeahey/research/nlm/nlm.html (91 words)

	RDH - ZOOMING<br>CLOSING THE INFORMATION GAP ON MAGNIFICATION. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Depth of field is measured in inches, with a typical range of four to five inches — the depth of the mouth from lips to distal of the third molars.
		Since the ocular in the TTL magnification system is much closer to the eye, the width and depth of field are greater than that of a flip-up configuration with the same level of magnification.
		The benefits of magnification loupes are enormous and far outweigh the initial cost and possible frustration during the learning curve.
	rdh.pennnet.com /Articles/Article_Display.cfm?Section=ARCHI&ARTICLE_ID=205637&VERSION_NUM=1&x=y (3059 words)

	Bird Watcher's Digest: Optics: Magnification
		Some birders recommend the highest magnification possible for birding binoculars, regardless of the consequences, while others maintain that an entire arsenal of binocular magnifications is needed to be a complete birder.
		They fail to recognize that magnification is just one part of the overall optics package, and not necessarily the most important one.
		With the current magnification mania, people would just assume that the 50 was the magnification, and even then, someone would ask for even more.
	www.birdwatchersdigest.com /site/optics/magnification.aspx (1315 words)

	The Daily Scan: Apparent Magnification
		The eyepiece is nearly always 10X, so the objective magnification determines the magnification of the system.
		A 20X objective results in 200X magnification, a 5X objective results in 50X magnification, etc. Because of this, people who use microscopes generally say "at 20X" when they really mean "using a 20X objective which results in 200X magnification".
		Magnification refers to the extent to which an object is "enlarged".
	blog.aperio.com /2004/04/apparent_magnif.html (494 words)

	Stargazer Steve Telescopes - Eyepieces and Magnification
		Within limits we can select the magnification of a telescope to suit needs and conditions simply by choosing among eyepieces of different focal lengths, usually ranging from about 32 mm to about 7 mm.
		The magnification obtained with a specific eyepiece is simply the focal length of the eyepiece divided into the focal length of the telescope.
		If an eyepiece of too short a focal length is used, the resulting magnification can easily exceed the ability of the atmosphere to transmit clear detailed images.
	stargazer.isys.ca /eyemag.html (416 words)

	Using a computer with low vision (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		If customising the operating system does not magnify the screen enough then there are magnification products on the market which have been developed for use by partially sighted people.
		Screen magnification will normally automatically follow the focus of attention, so that the area around the cursor or mouse pointer is magnified.
		Screen magnification products vary in price and start at around £155 and can cost up to £1,100, depending on whether there is speech support built into the program.
	www.rnib.org.uk /xpedio/groups/public/documents/PublicWebsite/public_rnib002982.hcsp (602 words)

	Introductory Biology: Lab 1 for 71.125 - Magnification (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		This refers to magnification of a microscope or a particular lens system within the microscope.
		In this way, the term magnification tells you how the size of the illustration compares with the actual size of the object.
		On the ocular, the marking can be found on the top edge or on the smooth cylinder that fits inside the body tube; on the objectives, magnification is engraved on the side of the cylinder.
	www.umanitoba.ca /faculties/science/biological_sciences/lab1/biolab1_5.html (334 words)

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