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Topic: Magnox

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	CND - Briefings & Information
		Those from the Magnox and AGR stations are plunged into on-site cooling ponds for a short period before being transferred to water-filled rail containers (flasks) and sent to Sellafield in Cumbria for reprocessing.
		Magnox and AGR fuel rods, which differ in design features, are transported in differently designed flasks although the principles and processes remain the same.
		Magnox rods can only be kept in the cooling ponds at Sellafield for a matter of months before they become so badly corroded that they begin to disintegrate.
	www.cnduk.org /pages/binfo/railnf.html (1739 words)

	Visit Wylfa, Magnox Nuclear Power Station
		It is the largest of the Magnox type of nuclear reactor and has operated since 1971.
		With 8 Magnox stations and one hydroelectric plant, BNG provides more than 24 billion KWh each year, enough electricity to meet annual demand for Greater London.
		Magnox nuclear power stations have provided a safe and reliable source of electricity for over 30 years.
	www.anglesey-today.com /wylfa.html (552 words)

	When Do Commercial Reactors Permanently Shut Down?
		This was especially true of the smallest Magnox reactors at Chapelcross and Calder Hall which saw their already scheduled closures pushed forward at that time.
		It is impossible to translate Magnox experience to the water-cooled and -moderated reactors that are used in the United States where the oldest operating reactors began commercial electricity generation in 1969.
		Magnox reactors differ from light water reactors in coolant, moderator, fuel, and operational standards and designs.
	www.eia.doe.gov /cneaf/nuclear/closures/closure16.html (4320 words)

	MAGNOX (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Furthermore, the maximum specific power is limited to 4 to % MW(t)/tonne of maximum permissible cladding and fuel temperatures and because of limitations on the transfer surface area.
		Magnesium alloy Magnox (0.8% aluminium, 0.002 to 0.50% beryllium, 0.008% calcium, and 0.006% iron additions) is used in the United Kingdom and a Mg-Zr alloy in France.
		Finally, the fuel burnup is limited to values on the order of 5 to 6 MWd/kg (compared to 30 MWd/kg in PWRs and 100 MWd/kg in HTGRs) because of the metallic uranium under irradiation, and also because of the reactivity limitations with natural uranium fuel.
	www.nuke.hun.edu.tr /~lo/magnox.html (170 words)

	AEI: January 1996, Magnox Selection Criteria
		The name "Magnox" is widely used to refer to the early gas cooled reactors because it provides a simple way to uniquely identify the group.
		Magnox designers partially overcame this low fuel burn-up by designing the reactors to be refueled while producing electrical power.
		Fuel elements with short active lives are better sources of bomb grade plutonium than those that have remained in a reactor long enough to produce significant quantities of Pu-240, an isotope that increases the difficulty of bomb construction.
	www.atomicinsights.com /jan96/Magnox.html (837 words)

	Magnox call for Treasury aid to seal BNF deal
		MAGNOX Electric, the state-owned nuclear power producer, is pressing the government to agree financial aid to help cement the merger with British Nuclear Fuels.
		A financial restructuring to eliminate the £1.3 billion deficit in the Magnox balance sheet is one of the fuel company's demands to cement the link-up of the two companies.
		Magnox, which is responsible for running some of Britain's oldest nuclear power plants, is starting to make plans to try to extend the life of the stations to 50 years.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/1996/10/19/cmag19.html (216 words)

	Planet Ark : UK may want faster Magnox nuclear plant clean-up
		But it said the group's loss-making Magnox Electric division, which plans to close all the stations by 2021, could be under pressure to shorten the timescale further in five years time.
		BNFL's 11 Magnox plants were mainly built in the 1950s and 1960s and it plans to close them all within 20 years.
		Magnox stations use reactor rods of pure uranium metal, while most types of modern nuclear power station use uranium oxide and can produce more electricity per plant.
	www.planetark.org /dailynewsstory.cfm?newsid=14499&newsdate=13-Feb-2002 (654 words)

	Pulaski council makes loan to Magnox - Roanoke.com
		Magnox has spun off its Nanochemonics corporation to make nano-size oxide particles for use in pharmaceutical, environmental, cosmetics, coatings and other applications.
		Magnox has been working with nanoparticles for several years before developing specific applications for them.
		Magnox started in Pulaski in 1986, as a spin-off from Hercules Powder at the Radford Army Ammunition Plant.
	www.roanoke.com /news/nrv/wb/76444 (422 words)

	World Nuclear Association : Nuclear Power in the United Kingdom
		Magnox fuel is so called because of its magnesium alloy cladding, and the chemical reactivity of this means that the fuel cannot be stored indefinitely but must be reprocessed.
		The Magnox units were originally licensed for 30 years, but in some cases this was extended to 50 years, reflecting their robust engineering.
		A 1500 t/yr plant opened in 1964 treats the Magnox (metal) fuel, this is due to close in 2012 after all the Magnox units close.
	www.world-nuclear.org /info/inf84.html (4281 words)

	Magnox reactors
		In Magnox reactors carbon dioxide gas is used to carry the heat away and heat water into steam, which is then used to generate electricity in turbines, just as in a conventional power station.
		In order to keep the reaction under control, Magnox reactors have a graphite core or ‘moderator’, which slows down the neutrons.
		Magnox stations are Britain’s oldest nuclear power stations.
	www.no2nuclearpower.org.uk /reports/magnox.php (439 words)

	Stop Ocean Dumping - Radioactive - Reports
		The Magnox reprocessing plant at Sellafield began operating in 1964 and reprocesses spent nuclear fuel from the UK Magnox reactors and from Japan.
		Furthermore, since Magnox reprocessing is currently operating without due regard for the need to protect the marine environment, its true costs have been underestimated in all existing economic analyses.
		This increased investment (sunk costs) in the Magnox programme was made in spite of the continuing financial losses of the reactors and in spite of the UK’s OSPAR obligations to eliminate pollution from the plant.
	archive.greenpeace.org /odumping/radioactive/reports/ospar2.html (2080 words)

	edie news centre - Nuclear company fined £100,000 after “poor management” leads to radioactive waste leaks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The case, decided at Taunton Crown Court on 1 June, was brought by the Environment Agency after an in-depth investigation by its inspectors uncovered maintenance problems with the filters in the liquid effluent clean-up facilities at both stations led to unauthorised discharges of low level radioactive waste to the environment.
		Magnox Electric then failed to inform the Environment Agency about either of these events, the Agency says, as they are required to do under the conditions of the current authorisation.
		Just over one month later, the Environment Agency was alerted by Magnox that during checks it had instigated as a result of the Bradwell filter failure, a fault had been identified in a filter system at its Hinkley Point A Power Station and that consequently radioactive particles may have been discharged into the Bristol Channel.
	www.edie.net /news/news_story.asp?id=4320 (535 words)

	Magnox - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Magnox is a now obsolete type of nuclear power reactor which was designed and used in Britain, and exported to other countries, both as a power plant, and, when operated accordingly, as a producer of plutonium for nuclear weapons.
		Magnox reactors are pressurised, carbon dioxide-cooled, graphite-moderated reactors using natural uranium (i.e.
		These were carbon dioxide-cooled, graphite reactors with natural uranium metal fuel, very similar in design and purpose to the British Magnox reactors except that the fuel cladding was magnesium-zirconium alloy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Magnox (1550 words)

	Radioactive Waste Management Advisory Committee (RWMAC) \| DEFRA
		They noted that Magnox dry storage was uneconomic, created a liability to build and licence dry stores, had significant safety issues and with the approaching end of the Magnox programme was less than viable.
		Magnox Electric were more positive in their review of the options for long term storage and direct disposal of Magnox fuel.
		The rates of corrosion of the Magnox cladding is much reduced in a controlled inert atmosphere, however eventually corrosion could expose large areas of uranium metal to the store atmosphere.
	www.defra.gov.uk /rwmac/reports/reprocess/16.htm (1575 words)

	Pulaski joins Magnox in nanotechnology effort - Roanoke.com
		Magnox, a 1986 spinoff from Hercules Powder Co., has previously specialized in such areas as color pigments, coatings for audio and video recording products and toner for paper copiers.
		Magnox actually produced some of these tiny particles as far back as the late 1980s as byproducts for its regular lines.
		The proposed park could house nanotechnology researchers connected to nearby universities, developing a "brain trust," said John White, the town's economic development director, connecting to a company that is already working in nanotechnology.
	www.roanoke.com /news/nrv\wb/78768 (657 words)

	Planet Ark - UPDATE - BNFL scraps first of its Magnox nuke power plants
		The statement listed the dates by which all of the group's eight Magnox power stations, which at the moment provide around eight percent of Britain's electricity, will be decommissioned, with the last of the series closing by 2021.
		Environmental group Friends of the Earth condemned BNFL's plans to keep running Magnox plants, the spent fuel from which is reprocessed at BNFL's controversial Sellafield facility, for as long as another two decades.
		Harman said it was important to replace the eight percent of British electricity the Magnox plants generate without adding to greenhouse gas emissions.
	www.planetark.com /avantgo/dailynewsstory.cfm?newsid=6809 (544 words)

	Magnox - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
		Magnox es un tipo obsoleto de reactor de energía nuclear que, cuando funcionaba con un corto (antieconómico) ciclo de combustible, podía producir plutonio para armas nucleares.
		Magnox es también el nombre de una aleación— básicamente de magnesio con pequeñas cantidades de aluminio y otros metales— utilizado en la cobertura de combustible de uranio no enriquecido con una cubierta inoxidable para contener productos de fisión.
		Esto fue particularmente importante para Magnox ya que el combustible no enriquecido tiene un punto de ignición bajo, lo que requiere cambios de combustible más frecuentes que la mayoría de los reactores de uranio enriquecido.
	es.wikipedia.org /wiki/Magnox (1843 words)

	Advanced Gas-cooled Reactors
		The design was an attempt to improve on the earlier Magnox design, aiming to achieve higher gas temperatures to improve efficiency.
		The remaining Magnox stations have fixed closure dates, and will all be closed by 2010, although they may close earlier for economic or safety reasons.
		However, strong local campaigns for the closure of ageing Magnox stations based on health and safety concerns might well have influenced decisions taken by the NII and the nuclear operator in the past, as a number have closed after completion of the PSR process.
	www.no2nuclearpower.org.uk /reports/agrs.php (528 words)

	Nuclear Engineering International
		The First Generation Magnox Storage and De-canning Facility (MSDF) was constructed in the mid 1950s at Sellafield and performed a vital and integral role in the UK civil nuclear power programme.
		Flasks containing skips of Magnox fuel were lifted from a loading bay into one of three shielded inlet cells.
		The cell doors were closed, the flask lid was remotely removed and the skip placed on an inclined trolley which travelled on a ramp to the bottom of the pond using a winch mechanism.
	www.neimagazine.com /storyprint.asp?sc=2038060 (3767 words)

	creativematch: Magnox Generation - An Award Winning Visitor Experience (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Magnox Generation sits within the Government Services Group of BNFL.
		With more than half the Magnox sites now closed awaiting decommissioning, or already in the process of being decommissioned, the website is intended to take people through this process.
		Forepoint were commissioned to design and build a website that would enable Magnox to explain their business in a friendly and approachable way.
	www.creativematch.co.uk /viewnews/?89129 (567 words)

	Magnox Electric Plc Selects Indus International for Multi-million Pound Work Management System Business Wire - Find ...
		Magnox has set itself the goal of achieving world class safety and environmental standards in all its operations and requires a compliance management system that will underpin its complex processes and procedures.
		The contract with Magnox is the culmination of an in-depth, twelve-month technical evaluation and commercial negotiation process.
		The new system will be key to enabling Magnox to operate its power stations up to the end of their working lives and during their subsequent decommissioning.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2001_Sept_10/ai_78019238 (712 words)

	One Winged Angel
		Magnox laughed and fired a pulse at Matt, the boy holding out his arm, snapping his shields up and deflecting the blast.
		The two ran forward, dodging as Magnox fired at them and slashing with their weapons energized, but the result was the same as it had been when Endri had done the strike alone, and the two were flung away.
		Magnox roared in rage as he fired at Matt, but the blast had no effect as the boy walked towards him, then returned fire with his own weapons, the shots blasting the top off the alien's staff.
	captain_n_neo.tripod.com /TheLostGalaxy/Season2/OneWingedAngel.html (4747 words)

	Indus :: Press :: Press Releases
		Magnox, a wholly owned subsidiary of British Nuclear Fuels Limited (BNFL), originally signed a five-year contract in 2001 for a hosted EAM solution to manage Magnox’s fleet of plants throughout the United Kingdom.
		Magnox is a member of the Indus Nuclear Leadership Council (NLC), which meets regularly to discuss nuclear industry business drivers and identify strategies that leverage Indus solutions to support corporate growth and operational excellence goals.
		Magnox -- based at Berkeley in Gloucestershire -- is also responsible for four other sites currently undergoing decommissioning and one small hydro station in North Wales.
	www.indus.com /press/pr_detail.cfm?pr_id=372 (895 words)

	PÖYRY - Energy - Regional Business - Nuclear Technology - Safety and Reliability - Magnox waste
		As part of the Site Licence conditions, BNFL Magnox Generation are required to provide comprehensive safety cases for all power station safety-related plant, including radioactive waste processing and storage facilities.
		The fault assessment described is site specific, in the sense that many of the assumptions and parameter values are based on the Magnox debris vaults at Bradwell, and generic in the sense that the approach used allows the results to be applied to vaults at other Magnox station sites in a reasonably straightforward way.
		Most of the assessment is concerned with "dry" Magnox debris vaults, that is vaults in which the debris is stored in air, but estimates of radionuclide release probabilities are also provided for "wet" vaults, that is vaults in which the debris is stored underwater.
	www.electrowatt-ekono.co.uk /regional/regional_2_1_4.html (244 words)

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