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Topic: Maharaja Ranjit Singh

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	Maharaja Ranjit Singh: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Ranjit Singh cleverly exploited the political vacuum created by the gradual collapse of Mughal power in the face of repeated invasions by the Afghans and the preoccupation of the Afghan ruler with problems further North-West to advance his position, first in the Punjab and then even outside as far as Multan, Kangra, Peshawar and Kashmir.
		Ranjit Singh can thus be said to have bridged the gap between the ruler and the ruled and the more recent linguistic, religions and political encounter between indigenous communities themselves seemed to be singularly absent during his reign.
		Ranjit Singh’s extraordinary situation, both at the crossroads of history as well at the crossroads of the ambitions of two great powers, the British and the Russians, elevated him to the centrestage of international politics and his fate got linked up with the warps and wefts of world politics.
	www.sikhreview.org /april2002/history.htm (1825 words)

	MAHARAJA RANJIT SINGH - LoveToKnow Article on MAHARAJA RANJIT SINGH
		It was Ranjit Singhs ambition to weld the whole of the Purijab into a single Sikh empire, while the British claimed the territory south of the Sutlej by right of conquest from the Mahrattas.
		In 1808 Charles Metcalfe was sent to settle this question- with Ranjit Singh, and a treaty was concluded at Amritsar on the 15th of April 1809.
		In his private life Ranjit Singh was selfish, avaricious, drunken and immoral, but he had a genius for command and was the only man the Sikhs ever produced strong enough to bind them together.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /R/RA/RANJIT_SINGH_MAHARAJA.htm (680 words)

	Maharaja Ranjit Singh's Policies
		Ranjit Singh was the ruler of a powerful state extending from Tibet to Sindh and from the Khyber pass to the Sutlej Kingdoms and empires have almost invariably been founded and maintained on the strength of arms.
		Ranjit Singh issued no infalibility decree, the idea of divine rights of kings, which connotes divine absolutism had no appeal for him it was a unique instance where the king had claimed equality with his subjects.
		Ranjit Singh never sat on a throne and never wore a crown.on one occasion, he is said to have punished one of his generals for killing a koel (nightingale) when she was warbling.
	www.business4india.com /ranjit1.htm (475 words)

	Akali Phoola Singh Ji
		Ranjit Singh took off his shirt and bowed down to receive his punishment, at this Akali Phoola Singh asked the community (Sadh Sangat) to forgive the Maharaja as he had bowed down in front of the Sadh Sangat for this mistake.
		Ranjit Singh was impressed by the discipline shown by the Shia Sepoys under Metcalfe and he promptly decided to Europeanize his Army.
		Ranjit Singh, however, was more concerned about making the Khalsa obey his dictats and thus not create any problems for him when he went against the Sikh weltanschauung.
	www.sikhpoint.com /Religion/sikhcommunity/phulasingh.htm (1630 words)

	Maharaja Ranjit Singh : Gateway to Sikhism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Ranjit Singh’s political acumen is well illustrated in the compromise that he made between becoming a Maharajah and remaining a peasant leader.
		It was Ranjit Singh’s genius that in the turbulent period he succeeded in galvanizing these forces of theocratic confederacy into establishing a Sikh Kingdom that was to last for half a century, until its collapse at Sobroan.
		Ranjit Singh was thus required to withdraw his troops to the right bank of the Sutlej.
	www.allaboutsikhs.com /ranjit (1828 words)

	Maharaja Ranjit Singh - Lahore Campaign (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Ranjit appeared surreptitiously and challenged the Shah "o grandson of Abdali, come down and measure swords with the grandson of Charat Singh".(Sohan Lal Suri, umdat-ut-twarikh II, p.39) Ultimately, the shah's withdrawal gave a choice to the Sikhs to "obliterate all semblance of Afghan authority between Ravi and Jhelum.
		Ranjit Singh combined with Sahib Singh of Gujrat (Punjab) and Milkha Singh of pindiwala and a large Sikh force, fell upon the Afghan garrison while Shah Zaman was still in vicinity of Khyber Pass.
		Ranjit Singh's cavalry surrounded Hazuri Bagh and Chet Singh surrendered and he was given permission to leave the city along with his family.
	www.searchsikhism.com /ran3.html (1205 words)

	Maharaja Ranjit Singh : Lion of Punjab (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Maharaja Ranjit Singh was born on 13th November 1780 at Gujranwala in Punjab.
		Maharaja Ranjit Singh led his first war at the age of 11 years and defeated the army of the ruler of Gujrat.
		Maharaja Ranjit Singh systematically extended the frontiers of Punjab and brought the regions around Amritsar, Lahore, Multan, Kashmir and Peshawar under his rule.
	www.sikhglory.com /ranjit.htm (469 words)

	Maharaja Ranjit Singh
		Ranjit Singh was born on Nov. 13, 1780 at Gujranwala.
		Sahib singh shut himself at the fort of Sodhran and the siege of the fort was laid.
		Sada kaur exploited the position of Ranjit singh and she was the ladder by which Ranjit singh reached the climax of his power.
	www.singhsabha.com /maharaja_ranjit_singh.htm (6032 words)

	Maharaja Ranjit Singh - Campaign of Amritsar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Ranjit Singh ordered that the city should not be plundered as the place was too sacred with the memory of the Gurus.
		Ranjit Singh occupied the fort and captured considerable war material,including the Zamzama and the area which yielded a handsome revenue.
		Ranjit Singh was such a devoted Sikh that instead of putting his name on the coin issued by his government he put the word "akal Sahai", means the great God, as seen in this coin.
	www.searchsikhism.com /ran6.html (1045 words)

	Ranjit Singh Biography / Biography of Ranjit Singh Biography
		Ranjit Singh (1780-1839) was a ruler of the Punjab.
		Ranjit Singh was heir to the Sukerchakia misl, one of the 12 misls which had been established by the warlike Sikhs during the 18th century and which ruled the greater part of the Punjab.
		To the south, Ranjit was checked by a treaty of mutual noninterference across the Sutlej with the British; the agreement, however, allowed Ranjit to consolidate his territories in the Punjab and systematically absorb Kashmir and much of the Punjab hills.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-ranjit-singh (664 words)

	Maharaja Ranjit Sukarchakia Jindan Dalip
		Ranjit Singh, the Lion (shere) of the Punjab, is sometimes compared to the Mughal Emperor Akbar (1542-1607).
		Ranjit Singh was scarred by small pox which also blinded one eye and effected the movement on an arm and a leg, he was, particularly for a Sikh, of small and insignificant stature.
		Sadha Kaur was the widow of Gurbaksh Singh, the chief of the Kanhaiya Misl.
	www.info-sikh.com /RanPage1.html (1190 words)

	SikhSpectrum.com Quarterly. Assassination of Chet Singh Bajwa
		Maharaja Ranjit Singh himself was habituated to it.
		After the Maharaja’s death, among the conflicting factions of the Court, Colonel Gardner was on the side of the Dogra brothers, with whom were also associated the Sandhanwalias — collaterals of Ranjit Singh.
		According to Fauja Singh, Maharaja Ranjit Singh held an investiture ceremony on September 27, 1816 to formally announce Kharak Singh as his heir apparent - although the 16-year-old youth did not have countenance of a leader, and was considered deficient of mental faculties required to manage an empire.
	www.sikhspectrum.com /082004/chet_singh_hsn.htm (3259 words)

	Maharaja Ranjit Singh Who Ruled His People's Hearts
		Maharaja's standing orders to his armies were that during their movement, no religious place, no religious book, no place of learning, no standing crop was to be destroyed and no woman dishonoured.
		Magnanimous to the fallen foe and generous to the injured and the insulted, Ranjit Singh was the last Indian king in whose reign the common man felt real freedom.
		Maharaja Ranjit Singh was one of those rare rulers who remained humane even on the battlefield.
	www.punjabilok.com /misc/freedom/ranjit_singh1.htm (1049 words)

	Maharaja Ranjit Singh : Gateway to Sikhism
		The hallmark of the art of Maharaja Ranjit Singh is thus its truthfulness.
		And, in spite of the import of some of the painters from the Pahari courts, the abundance of portraiture shows how almost everyone, including the Maharaja, was in search of an identity in their new exalted status, which they had acquired from modest origins in the villages of the Punjab plains.
		The most notable trait of Ranjit Singh’s polity was the complete freedom of expression and worship enjoyed by all his subjects.
	www.allaboutsikhs.com /ranjit/ranjit12.htm (734 words)

	The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum - Maharaja Ranjit Singh special
		UE to the labour of dedicated scholars, Sita Ram Kohli, Ganda Singh and Vidya Sagar Suri in resurrecting and translating a wide range of first-class contemporary source-material on the first half of the 19th century, wonderful results have been achieved in our understanding of the life and times of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.
		In his illuminating presidential address delivered on the occasion of the bicentenary of Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s birth held in Punjabi University, Patiala, in 1981, Ganda Singh, the doyen of Punjab historians, had drawn our attention to this deficiency which is a hindrance to any just appraisal.
		Ranjit Singh was one of that order of minds which seem destined by nature to win their way to distinction, and achieve greatness.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2001/20010408/spectrum/main1.htm (2081 words)

	PlanetPapers - Maharaja Ranjit Singh: The Sikh Ruler, in the eyes of non-Sikhs
		Maharaja Ranjit Singh did not know about prejudice and sectarianism, that is why a Muslim poet like Shah Mohammed was not tired of praising him and lamented by recounting the virtues of Ranjit Singh on his death.
		Another unparalled quality of Ranjit Singh was that any king or landlord who was defeated by him, Ranjit Singh instead of showing him down, used to show generosity and allot him landed property worth hundreds of thousands of rupees so as to pass life with dignity.
		Maharaja was truely secular and democratic in ruling his kingdom and welfare of his subjects kept paramount importance in his performance agenda.
	www.planetpapers.com /Assets/2129.php (1446 words)

	Maharaja Duleep Singh
		Maharaja Duleep Singh, the last King of the Punjab, was born on 6 September 1838, occupied the throne at the age of 5 and removed from the throne in 1849.
		In 1883, Thakur Singh Sandhanwalia a cousin to Duleep Singh was summoned to England.
		The Maharaja was fully convinced of the betrayal and treachery by the British and he revolted against the Empire.
	www.sikhspectrum.com /022005/maharaja_hsv.htm (3188 words)

	Bharat Rakshak-MONITOR
		Maharaja commissioned him into the army in 1804 by granted him a command of a cavalry of 700 men and horses with the honor of Sardar.
		Sardar Hari Singh Nalwa faced the crucial situation with such boldness that he managed to catch hold of the jaw of the beast forcefully with his hands and pushed it away with the prowess of arms arranging thus to kill it with his sword.
		Ranjit Singh one early morning leading himself riding on his white horse he dipped in the freezing water to cross the river.
	www.bharat-rakshak.com /MONITOR/ISSUE2-3/bajwa.html (2904 words)

	Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s coronation:
		Prabhjot Singh reports: The Ministry of External Affairs have agreed in principle to approach its counterpart in Pakistan for organising a special function to commemorate the bicentenary of the coronation of Maharaja Ranjit Singh at Baradari in the historic Lahore Fort later this year.
		The Punjab Chief Minister, Mr Parkash Singh Badal, is reportedly keen on restoring the glory of Ram Bagh, which Maharaj Ranjit Singh had developed and used during his sojourn in the holy city.
		Gurdip Singh Gujral, CBE and Gurcharan Singh Chhatwal highlighted the achievements of the University and urged that every household must send at least one of their household members to the University for higher education in the Sikh Studies to keep our tomorrow as glorious as our past.
	www.sikhreview.org /july2001/diary.htm (1174 words)

	Exhibition - The death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh
		Maharaja Ranjit Singh died in 1839 after a reign of nearly forty years, leaving seven sons by different wives, none of whom was a worthy successor to the 'Lion of the Panjab'.
		Kharrak Singh was the first successor, but his weakness, indolence and opium addiction, allowed his son, Nau Nihal Singh, to become effective ruler within two months.
		Real power rested with the Dogras, whose leading figures were Hira Singh, the former favourite of Ranjit Singh, and Gulab Singh, a loyal supporter of Ranjit Singh who now offered his services to the British in the event of war against the Sikh kingdom.
	www.vam.ac.uk /vastatic/microsites/1162_sikhs/exhibition/exhibsikhkingdom_exhibiton10.htm (264 words)

	A portrait of Maharaja Ranjit Singh
		Maharaja Ranjit Singh, born in 1780 and taking the reigns of his father's misl only when ten, was the mightiest instrument purging the life of Punjab, widening horizons of Sikhism giving it larger followings and to Punjab a wider geography and broader vision.
		Khalsa found in Maharaja Ranjit Singh its strongest base after Shri Guru Gobind Singh, arts and crafts their great patron, industry and handicrafts their promoter and protector and politics its all time seer and motivator.
		Maharaja Ranjit Singh's greatest contribution is, however, in the area of visual arts.
	www.hindupaintings.com /product/HY19 (566 words)

	Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s descendent honoured in Pakistan - Punjab Punjabi Punjabiyat - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Mr Beant Singh Sandhawalia (78), who went to Pakistan after 49 years, was bestowed this rare honour during a pilgrimage by a Sikh jatha to Pakistan on the 165th death anniversary of Sher-e-Punjab Maharaja Ranjit Singh that concluded a few days ago.
		Mr Sukhdev Singh Sadhawalia explained that even the name of Mr Beant Singh’s grandfather was recorded in the pedigree table of the Chanderbansi family of Maharaja Ranjit Singh at Shahi Killa, Lahore, in Princess Bamba’s collections museum.
		The table shows Maharaja Ranjit Singh as the 31st generation and Mr Gurdit Singh Sandhawalia is recorded as the 33rd generation of the Maharaja.
	www.sikhphilosophy.net /sikhphilosophy/punjab-punjabi-punjabiyat/222-maharaja-ranjit-singh-s-descendent-honoured-pakistan.html (828 words)

	Maharaja Ranjit Singh Commemorative Volume (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Ranjit Singh was much more to the Sikhs and the Punjab than what Shivaji was to the Marathas and Maharashtra.
		Ranjit Singh on the other hand chose to remain the humble Singh Sahib, came to be called Sarkar by his people and he even avoided wearing emblems of royalty.
		Dimensions of Ranjit Singh's life of towering achievements have inspired scholars of history to pursue both extensive and intensive studies and multilayered researches on Ranjit Singh and his times.
	www.indiaclub.com /html/8401.htm (288 words)

	Exhibition - The court of Maharaja Ranjit Singh
		Ranjit Singh's court was one of the most magnificent in the whole of India, particularly when the Maharaja wished to impress foreign visitors.
		Visitors would approach the small, plainly dressed figure of the Maharaja, his face disfigured by the childhood smallpox which had left him blind in one eye, to be bombarded with questions.
		Artists and craftsmen, similarly, worked for patrons without regard for religious differences: the Sikh Maharaja's throne was made by a Muslim, and craftsmen of all religions worked on the building of the Golden Temple.
	www.vam.ac.uk /vastatic/microsites/1162_sikhs/exhibition/exhibsikhkingdom_exhibiton06.htm (232 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Maharaja Ranjit Singh was born on the 2nd of November 1870, to the chief of the 'ShukerchakiyaMissal', Sardar Mahan Singh and his wife Mata Raj Kaur.
		It was his audacity and ambition that made him conquer Lahore in 1799, and soon after that he was declared the "Maharaja", but he preferred the title of "Singh Sahib" to the title of 'Maharaja'.
		In this capacity Dhian Singh amassed wealth, became master of a great tract on the borders of Kashmir and maintained an army of 25,000 men His young son, Hira, became Ranjit's inseparable companion, even sitting in a chair beside him, while his own father deferentially stood.
	www.sikh-heritage.co.uk /postgurus/SherePunjab/MahRanjitSingh.htm (928 words)

	The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum - Maharaja Ranjit Singh special
		Thus, every expression under the patronage of Ranjit Singh and his nobles, shows a vitalist urge for freedom to open out to life, and more life, in the midst of things of beauty which may please the eyes, make the heart glow and intensify the emotions, says
		FTER consolidating his victories and establishing an independent kingdom in Punjab, Maharaja Ranjit Singh built a unique collection of jewels and relics.
		FTER the tercentenary celebrations of the Khalsa, it is now time for Punjab to plan the festivities for the bicentenary celebrations of the coronation of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, falling on April 12 this year.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2001/20010408/spectrum (897 words)

	Netguruindia News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		November 30: The government of Pakistan has in principle agreed to participate in the 200th anniversary of the kingdom of Maharaja Ranjit Singh to be held in the historic city of Lahore, wherefrom Sher-e-Punjab, used to rule.
		Tarlochan Singh, the vice-chairman of the National Commission for Minorities and member of the bi-centenary celebrations organising committee, confirmed that the Pakistani authorities responded to the request to pay tribute to the valiant Sikh king who fought against the British colonialism.
		Descendants of Fakiruddin Aziz, Maharaja Ranjit Singh's minister of foreign affairs and finance set up a museum highlighting greatness of the Maharaja in their own house in Lahore and some localities, a proof that the Sikh hero still inspires people of both the countries, crossing religious lines.
	www.netguruindia.com /news/Dec00/01/NAT8.html (342 words)

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