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Topic: Mahmud Ghazan

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	Mahmud Ghazan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mahmud Ghazan (November 5, 1271 – May 11, 1304) was the seventh ruler of the Ilkhanate in Iran from 1295 to 1304.
		He was born in 1271 to Arghun and a Christian mother as a Christian.
		Ghazan died in 1304 and was succeeded by his brother Oljeitu, and later by his nephew Abu Sa'id and niece Sati Beg.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mahmud_Ghazan (148 words)

	Rashid al-Din - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He was also an official at the 13th and 14th century Ilkhanid court, possibly the steward to the Il-Khan Gaykhatu (1291-95), and as financial advisor to Abaqa's grandson, Mahmud Ghazan (1295-1304).
		He served as vizier and physician, though with colleagues, from 1298 until his death; he was executed in 1318 after being charged with having poisoned the khan Öljeitü.
		The Jami al-Tawarikh was commissioned by Mahmud Ghazan, begun as a history of the Mongols and their dynasty and then expanded to include history from Adam to Rashid al-Din's present day.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rashid_al-Din (442 words)

	Il khan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		During the reign of the Il-Khan Mahmud Ghazan (reigned 1295–1304), the Il-Khans lost all contact with the remaining Mongol chieftains of China.
		Mahmud Ghazan himself embraced Sunnite Islam, and his reign saw an Iranian cultural renaissance in which such scholars as Rashid ad-Din flourished under his patronage.
		Ghazan's brother Öljeitü (reigned 1304–16) converted to Shi'ite Islam in 1310.
	www.mertebe.org /English/Turkmenistan/history/il_khan.html (473 words)

	Afghanistan's Web Site -@ Afghanistan History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Mahmud, 970 - 1030 The Islamic era begins with Mohammed Ghazni and Afghanistan becomes the centre of Islamic power and civilisation.
		Mahmud of Ghazna, who conquered the lands from Khorasanin Iran to the Punjab in India early in the 11th cent., was the greatest of Afghanistan's rulers
		Mahmud Tarzi dies in Turkey at the age of 68 with a heart full of sorrow and despair toward his country.
	www.afghanistans.com /Information/History (2369 words)

	WetBeach: Ghazan, Mahmud
		Ghazan's early childhood was spent largely in the company of his grandfather, the Il-Khan Abagha (1265–82), and he was brought up in the Buddhist faith that both his father and his grandfather professed.
		Upon his father's accession to the throne in 1284, Ghazan was appointed viceroy of the provinces of northeastern Persia, where he resided for the next 10 years and defended the frontier against
		This is a paragraph of text that could go in the sidebar.
	wetbeach.blogspot.com /2004/04/ghazan-mahmud.html (77 words)

	J501
		The Ilkhans consolidated their position in Iran and reunited the region as a political and territorial entity after several centuries of fragmented rule by petty dynasties.
		During the reign of the Ilkhan Mahmud Ghazan (reigned 1295—1304), the Ilkhans lost all contact with the remaining Mongol chieftains of China.
		Ghazan's brother Uljaytu (reigned 1304—16) converted to Shi'ite Islam in 1310.
	www.forumancientcoins.com /historia/coins/j2/j501.htm (230 words)

	HizmetBooks
		It is written on the 137th page of the book Mirat al-ka'inat, "Sultan Mahmud Ghazan Khan, Hulagu's grandson, became the Mogul ruler in 694 A.H. That year, upon the advices of Amir Nawruz, his vizier, he embraced Islam with 400,000 Mongols including his commanders, viziers and soldiers.
		Upon this, Ghazan Khan came to Aleppo in 699 A.H. Nasser's army was routed in Homs.
		Ghazan Khan left a commander named Kapchak and a number of fighters to capture Damascus and he himself went back to his country.
	www.hizmetbooks.org /Religion_Reformers_in_Islam/ref-48.htm (435 words)

	Iran - The Deed For Endowment: Rab’ I-Rashidi
		Tabriz, a city some 600km northwest of the Iranian capital Tehran, was in its heyday 700 years ago, the capital of the Mongol dynasty in Iran and a regional intellectual and cultural hub under Il-Khan Mahmud Ghazan (1295-1304).
		Ghazan Khan’s wazir, or Lord Chancellor, Khajeh Rashid al-Din Fazlollah Hamadani, was a brilliant doctor and mathematician.
		He was the author of the monumental Persian-language history, Jami al-Tawarikh, and founded an academic complex known as the Rab' i-Rashidi, or Suburb of Rashid, on the outskirts of Tabriz.
	portal.unesco.org /ci/fr/ev.php-URL_ID=21805&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html (556 words)

	Powelson Chapter 19 - The Middle East in History
		Ghazan did not act out of sympathy for the peasants: "If it is expedient, then let me pillage them all.
		Mahmud abolished the medieval janissaries but restructured the bureaucracy to bring it more tightly under his control.
		After Mahmud's death in 1839, his sons and their successors continued his reforms for thirty-seven years, under the name Tanzimat, derived from a root meaning "order." Education, law, government bureaucracy, and land tenure were restructured after Western precepts.
	www.quaker.org /clq/wealth-and-poverty/19mideast.htm (4971 words)

	Mahmud II Definition / Mahmud II Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Mahmud II (July 20 July 20 is the 201st day (202nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 164 days remaining.
		May 3: The fortress of Sveaborg is lost by...
		Mahmud II is the last example of the large-scale imperial Ottoman tomb.
	www.elresearch.com /Mahmud_II (283 words)

	Tabriz Site
		It was sacked by the Oghuz Turks c.1029, but by 1054, when it was captured by the Seljuk Turks, Tabriz had recovered and was a provincial capital.
		In 1295, Ghazan Khan, the Mongol ruler of Persia, made it the chief administrative center of an empire stretching from Egypt to the Oxus River and from the Caucasus to the Indian Ocean.
		Under his rule new walls were built around the city, and numerous public buildings, educational facilities, and caravansaries were erected.
	www.geocities.com /tabrizazer/HISTORY.htm (597 words)

	My Links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		was made the capital of the Mongol Il-Khan Mahmud Ghazan (1295-1304) and his successor.
		The citadel, or Ark, was built as a mosque before 1322 and is remarkable for its simplicity, size, and the excellent condition of its brickwork.
		Also noteworthy are the remains of the 12-sided tomb of Mahmud Ghazan, ruler of the Mongol dynasty in Iran.
	redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca /~bahram/mylinks.htm (668 words)

	Mahmut I Definition / Mahmut I Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Mahmud I (August 2August 2 is the 214th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (215th in leap years), with 151 days remaining.
		Events 400 BC-AD 1899 338 BC - Rise of Macedon: Philip of Macedon crushes Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea.
		[click for more] of the Ottoman empire from 1730 Events Pope Clement XII elected September 17 - Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Ahmed III (1703-1730) to Mahmud I (1730-1754) Anna Ivanova (Anna I of Russia) became czarina...
	www.elresearch.com /Mahmut_I (239 words)

	Islamica Community Forums - Islam was spread by the sword... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		'At the dawn of the 14th century, Ghazan Khan Mahmud officially adopted Islam as the religion of the state'.
		Yes, however, one of his descendants, Ghazan Khan Mahmud, DID become a Muslim.
		In addition to Ghazan Khan Mahmud, I read that the conquerer of Siberia was also a Mongol, by the name of Sabir.
	www.islamicaweb.com /archive/t-20730 (2165 words)

	Tabriz
		Central in Tabriz is the Blue Mosque, built in the 15th century, and a citadel, that was built as a mosque, from the 14th century.
		Another landmark is the 12-sided tomb of Mahmud Ghazan, ruler of the Mongol dynasty in Iran.
		Tabriz has a continental climate with hot and dry in summer and long and cold winters.
	lexicorient.com /e.o/tabriz.htm (360 words)

	European Tribune - Community, Politics & Progress. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		His Mongol successor Mahmud Ghazan converted to Islam in 1292.
		Ghazan converted all Buddhist temples to mosques, and he forced the Buddhist priests and monks to either convert to Islam or return to India, Tibet, or China.
		Ghazan reorganised the administration of the Il-Khanate to reflect its new official Islamic faith.
	www.eurotrib.com /story/2006/2/4/235230/2005 (9685 words)

	The Successors of Chingiz khan and their coins. The Ilkhanids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Ghazan II Coins struck before reform of the Mahmud Ghazan khan (AH694)
		Coins, struck after reform of the Mahmud Ghazan khan (AH694)
		Any of this page, text, images or code, can not be copied, reproduced, published or distributed in any medium without the expressed written permission of the copyright holder.
	www.hordecoins.folgat.net /e_ilkhanids.htm (68 words)

	IslamiCity.com - Education
		In the meantime, the Mongols, like so many of the peoples who had come into contact with Islam, had begun to embrace it.
		At the dawn of the fourteenth century, Ghazan Khan Mahmud officially adopted Islam as the religion of the state, and for a time peace descended on the eastern portion of the Mongol empire.
		During this period the Mongols built mosques and schools and patronized scholarship of all sorts.
	www.islamicity.com /education/ihame?Destination=/education/ihame/11.asp (575 words)

	Islam: The Successors
		The 9th and 10th centuries saw the break-up of the Muslim dominions into independent states or groupings, such as the Tahirids and Samanids in Persia and Fatimids in Egypt.
		Mahmud I (999 - 1030 AD) based in Ghazna in modern-day Afghanistan, carved out an empire in central Asia and made repeated raids into the India sub-continent.
		By 1186 AD this empire had been overrun by the Ghorids who completed the conquest of northern India.
	www.forumancientcoins.com /historia/islam_2.htm (300 words)

	Decades History Search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Polos arrived in Persia and found that Arghun Khan had died.
		His son Mahmud Ghazan now ruled Persia and married the princess.
		The Polos soon reached Trebizond on the southern coast of the Black Sea and were welcomed by a band of robbers who stripped them of most of their riches.
	www.decades.com /ByDecade/1290-1299/1.htm?tlvw=2 (814 words)

	UnlimitedGuide.com-Pakistan-About-Lahore
		Its history as a Muslim city however began only after the year 1000.
		When the Sultan Mahmud of Ghazan had invaded the Indian subcontinent several times, Lahore finally became a Muslim stronghold and was incorporated into the Muslim empire.
		The name of Sheikh Muhammad Isma’il al-Bukhari al-Lahorei stands out as the first known Muslim scholar to preach Islam and to propagate the prophetic traditions in the north-western part of the sub-continent.
	www.unlimitedguide.com /pk/about/lahore (1794 words)

	Zeno - Oriental Coins Database - Niksar 699AH, Ilkhans AR Dirham, Ghazan Mahmud - Powered by PhotoPost
		Home » ISLAMIC WORLD » Ilkhans » Ghazan Mahmud 694-703
		#16342: Niksar 699AH, Ilkhans AR Dirham, Ghazan Mahmud
		Keywords: Ilkhans AR Dirham, Ghazan Mahmud, Niksar 699AH
	www.zeno.ru /showphoto.php?photo=16342 (51 words)

	Christian West and Militant Islam
		The group derived from Hulegu s leadership were known as the Ill-Khans and controlled Persia, and Mesopotamia, lands where Islam had been well established.
		In 1295 a Buddhist named Mahmud Ghazan became Khan, converted to Islam and compelled most of the Mongol leadership to become Muslim as well.
		However, by the middle of the 14th century Mongol rule became weak, fragmented and too diffuse to resist successfully Turkic power.
	lamar.colostate.edu /~grjan/Christianwest_Islam.html (19821 words)

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