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Topic: Mahmud Ghaznavi

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	Mahmud of Ghazni - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 994 Mahmud was engaged with his father Sabuktigin in the capture of Khorasan from the rebel Fa'iq in aid of the Samanid Emir Nuh II.
		Mahmud's first campaign to the south was against the Ismaili Fatimid Kingdom at Multan in a bid to curry political favour and recognition with the Abbassid Caliphate engaged with the Fatimids elsewhere.
		Mahmud and Sabuktigin defeat Samanid rebels at Tus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mahmud_Ghaznavi (1918 words)

	Mahmud of Ghazni - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Mahmud again entered the Punjab in 1008, this time for the express purpose of chastising Sewah Pal, who, having become a Mussulman, and been left by Mahmud in charge of Multan, had relapsed to Hinduism.
		But Mahmud found he had not yet sufficiently subdued the idolaters nearer his own border, between Kabul and the Indus, and the campaign of 1022 was directed against them, and reached no. farther than Peshawar.
		Mahmud's failure at Ajmere, when the brave raja Bisal-deo, obliged him to raise the siege but was himself slain, was when the Moslem army was on its way to Somnath.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Mahmud'_Of_Ghazni (1531 words)

	[No title]
		In 994 Mahmud was made governor of Khorasan, with the title of Saif addaula (ud-daula) (" Sword of the State ") by the Samanid Nall II.
		Mahmud again entered the Punjab in ioo8, this time for the express purpose of chastising Sewah Pal, who, having become a Mussulman, and been left by Mahmud in charge of Multan, had relapsed to Hinduism.
		Mahmud, it was well known, made Hindu temples yield up their most precious things.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /correction/edit?locale=en&content_id=42445 (1579 words)

	Punjab Online: History of Punjab
		Mahmud had long heard accounts of the wealth and splendour of the countries to the east, and wanted to turn arms against the idolaters and introduce, in its stead, the worship of the one God.
		In 1011 A.D., Mahmud resolved on the conquest of Thanesar, which was held in great veneration by the Hindus, and captured the town, plundered the inhabitants, destroyed the great temples, and broke the idols to pieces.
		Mahmud's last expedition to the Punjab was in 1027, and he reduced the Jat tribes living on the banks of the Indus.
	www.punjabonline.com /servlet/library.history?Action=Page&Param=13 (1094 words)

	ShaikhSiddiqui Ghaznavi
		Mahmud of Ghazni (October 2, 971–April 30, 1030), also known as Yamin ad-Dawlah Mahmud (in full: Yamin ad-Dawlah Abd al-Qasim Mahmud Ibn Sebük Tigin) was the ruler of Ghazni from 997 until his death.
		Mahmud's grandfather was Alptigin, a Turkic general from Balkh in Turkestan who crossed the Hindu Kush mountains to seize Ghazni, located strategically on the road between Kabul and Kandahar.
		Mahmud's campaigns seem to be motivated by both religious zeal and an interest in wealth and gold.
	www.shaikhsiddiqui.com /ghaznavi.html (704 words)

	Mahmud_ghaznavi info here at en.40of100c.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Mahmud's grandfather was Alptigin, a Turkic generaI from BaIkh in Turkestan who crossed the Hindu Kush mountains to seize Ghazni from the Samanids, Iocated strategicaIly on the road between Kabul and Kandahar.
		In 994 Mahmud was engaged with his father Sabuktigin in the capture of Khorasan from the rebeI Fa'iq in aid of the Samanid Emir Nuh II.
		Mahmud's first campaign to the south was against the IsmaiIi Fatimid Kingdom at Multan in a bid to curry poIiticaI favour and recognition with the Abbassid CaIiphate engaged with the Fatimids eIsewhere.
	en.40of100c.info /Mahmud_Ghaznavi (1846 words)

	Ghaznavi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ghaznavi (Urdu: غزنوی) is the name given to a Pakistani missile.
		The Ghaznavi missile is a short-range ballistic missile (SRBM) with an optimal range of 290 km.
		The Ghaznavi missile has already been added to the army’s “strategic command,” and Pakistan’s nuclear and missile program will maintain the pace of development, and tests will continue to be conducted as per technical needs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ghaznavi_(missile) (219 words)

	Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi
		Sultan Mahmud Ghaznawi at the age of 27 announced his claim to the throne of Afghanistan and his brother Ismael announced his claim to be king from the city of Balkh.
		Mahmud defeated his brother in Ghazni captured him and imprisoned him for life in the province of Jowzjan.
		In 1030 Sultan Mahmud Fell gravely ill and died at the age of 59.
	www.afghanan.net /biographies/mahmudghaznavi.htm (513 words)

	health-What Is Asthma?
		Born in 971, Mahmud Ghaznavi was the elder son of Subuktagin, the king of Ghazni.
		Though Mahmud was the elder son of his father, it is said that in his last days, Subuktagin was not happy with Mahmud.
		Mahmud got so much jewelry, gold and silver, that when he returned to his capital, his people congregated to see the incredible wealth of India.
	123himachal.com /kangra/mahmoodghazni.htm (182 words)

	Ghaznavid rule of Pakistan
		The next period in Pakistan's history begins with the defeat of Raj Jaipal and his son Anandpal, rulers of northern areas of Pakistan, and of the Ismaili and Carmathian rulers of southern areas i.e., Multan and Sind at the hands of Mahmud Ghaznavi, leading to the unity of the two region.
		Contrary to the general belief that Mahmud Ghaznavi was a Hindu-killer or destroyer of Hindu religious places, he was extremely liberal towards them.
		In fact some of the historians of the early period feel that the main cause of the fall of the Ghaznavid Empire was their excessive reliance on Hindus and the appointment of Hindus to positions of great responsibility.
	www.geocities.com /pak_history/ghaznavid.html (886 words)

	10. Mohammed Habib’s history-rewriting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		This Ghaznavi was a Turk, certainly, but in many respects he was not a barbarian: he patronized arts and literature (including the great Persian poet Firdausi, who would end up in trouble because his patron suspected him of apostasy, and the Persian but Arabic-writing historian Albiruni) and was a fine calligraphist himself.
		Habib does not attribute Mahmud’s behaviour to his being a Turk ‘barbarian’, but (to the extent that background can be blamed) to the spirit of the ‘Persian Renaissance’ and the subsequent submission of the Islamic ideal to the whims and desires of the rulers.
		Habib’s thesis is that Mahmud’s desire was to expand his empire to the west, and the raids in the east were to provide finance as well as the mantle of a religious warrior.
	koenraadelst.voiceofdharma.com /books/acat/ch10.htm (4888 words)

	Harsha of Kashmir, a Hindu Iconoclast? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		In her article on Somnath and Mahmud Ghaznavi (Frontline, 23-4-1999), she questioned the veracity of Mahmud's reputation as an idol-breaker, claiming that all the references to Mahmud's destruction of the Somnath temple (1026) are non-contemporary as well as distorted by ulterior motives.
		Though she does mention Ghaznavi's employee Alberuni, she conceals that Alberuni, who had widely travelled in India and was as contemporary to Ghaznavi as can be, has confirmed Ghaznavi's general policy of Islamic iconoclasm and specifically his destruction of the Somnath temple.
		Mahmud's effort to desecrate the idol by all means shows that his iconoclasm was not just a matter of stealing the temple gold, but was a studied act of religious desecration.
	koenraadelst.bharatvani.org /articles/ayodhya/harshakashmir.html (2939 words)

	Conquests of Mahmud Ghaznavi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Mahmud also obtained formal recognition of his sovereignty from the Abbasid Khalifah, al-Qadir Billah, who also conferred upon him the titles of Yamin-ud-Dawlah and Amin-ul-Millah.
		The most important impact of Mahmud's expeditions was the conquest of Punjab for the first time by Muslims and the establishment of Muslim rule and society in the region.
		After the death of Mahmud, the Ghaznavid dynasty lost much of its vigor; yet during the days of his son Masud and grandson Mahmud, Lahore remained an important province of the Ghaznavid Empire.
	www.storyofpakistan.com /articletext.asp?artid=A003 (620 words)

	Home > Oakland, CA, California Yellow Pages, Classifieds, Real Estate, Business, Schools, Library and Jobs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Mahmud of Ghazni (Persian: ÙØÙÙØ¯ ØºØ²ÙÙÛ) (October 2, 971â“April 30, 1030), also known as Yamin ad-Dawlah Mahmud (in full: Yamin ad-Dawlah Abd al-Qasim Mahmud Ibn SebÃ¼k Tigin) was the Turkic-Afghan ruler of Ghazni from 997 until his death.
		The temple and citadel were sacked, and most of its defenders massacred; Mahmud personally hammered the temple\'s gilded lingam to pieces (a mystical idol which was apparently levitated by magnetic forces), and the stone fragments were carted back to Ghazni, where they were incorporated into the steps of the city\'s new Jamiah Masjid (Friday mosque).
		The history of Mahmud is marked by a large number of civilian deaths [Needs references and details] and a large baggage train of slaves as plunder.
	www.oaklandcaus.com /profile/Mahmud_of_Ghazni (1810 words)

	Sticky Story of the Week!
		In 1001 Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi defeated Jeebal the king of Kabulistan and marched further into Peshawer and in 1005 made it the center for his forces.
		Sultan Mahmud had already had relationships with the leadership in Balkh through marriage and its local emir Abu Nasr Mohammad offered his services to Sultan Mahmud and offered his daughter to Muhammad son of Sultan Mahmud.
		By the end of his reign, Mahmud's empire extended from Kurdistan in the west to Samarkand in the northeast, and from the Caspian Sea to the Yamuna.
	www.rungg.com /streetTeams/pages.php?goto=story0061 (1997 words)

	The Glasshouse: Hijacking Foreign Heroes
		Mahmud placed his beloved slave Ayaz upon the throne of Lahore, but their mutual passion gained them a place among the pantheon of great lovers in Persian literature (including the celebrated poet Sa'di).
		Sultan Mahmud was born and died in Ghazni, which still exists as a city in modern Afghanistan.
		Ghaznavi and Ghauri were of Turkic blood who were settled in geographical Afghanistan.
	politicalpakistan.blogspot.com /2006/03/hijacking-foreign-heroes.html (1651 words)

	Mahmud Welcome To. Mahmud Kianush's Homepage. Mahmud's Homepage At Art Arena, Includes An Outline Of H
		Mahmud's Homepage at Art Arena, includes an outline of his Mahmud Kianush, Iranian poet, writer, literary critic, and translator, was born in.
		Although the name Mahmud creates the urge to be both logical and technical, we emphasize that it causes Your name of Mahmud indicates you are a very capable, systematic, and.
		D Mahmud was the son of a Turkish slave, who in 977 became ruler of Ghazna.
	www.99hosted.com /names19554.html (343 words)

	The Magnitude of Muslim Atrocities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		But the gruesome game had started three centuries earlier when Mahmud Ghaznavi had vowed to invade India every year in order to destroy idolatry, kill the kafirs, capture prisoners of war, and plunder vast wealth for which India was well-known.
		Mahmud Begrha who became the Sultan of Gujarat in 1458 AD was the worst fanatic of this dynasty.
		Raja Jaya Singh, the ruler of Champaner, and his minister were murdered by Mahmud in cold blood for refusing to embrace Islam after they had been defeated and their country pillaged and plundered.
	www.hindunet.org /hindu_history/modern/moghal_atro.html (3420 words)

	DAWN - Features; July 3, 2002
		What’s that which harmed Mahmud most: he didn’t keep his word with Firdausi and his dismantling the Muslim principalities of Mansura and Multan along with his intermittent invasions of India culminating in the ransacking of the temple at Somnath.
		Mahmud has been castigated for ‘betraying’ Firdausi, but researches have been proving beyond any shadow of doubt that Mahmud had not assigned Firdausi the writing of Shahnama.
		One of the reasons why Firdausi couldn’t have his way to Mahmud’s heart was that one of his bosom friends, Fazal bin Ahmed, had made a lot of enemies at Mahmud’s court and they did everything possible to keep a masterpiece like Shahnama remain underrated.
	www.dawn.com /2002/07/03/fea.htm (2662 words)

	AmritWorld.com: Mahmud Ghaznavi's invasions
		Mahmud began a series of raids into northwestern India at the end of the 10th century.
		Mahmud came to know that there was too much gold and diamonds in Hindu temples in the city of Thanesar.
		In 1025, Mahmud Ghaznavi attacked on the Somnath temple.
	www.amritworld.com /ghaznavi_invasions.html (795 words)

	Rewriting History and Mahmud Ghaznavi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		It is because Mahmud Ghaznavi is a pivotal figure in Indian history who invaded India numerous (14 - 17) times, laid the groundwork for future Muslim rule in India, and forever changed the course of its history.
		Utbi's account details how Sultan Mahmud "purified Hind from idolatry and raised mosques" and how after the victory, Mahmud directed the polluted infidel Jaipal (the King of Shahi dynasty of Peshawar) be paraded about in shame and disgrace so that the fear of Islam might fly about through the country.
		Also, after the conquest of Nardin Mahmud returned with immense booty and slaves were so "plentiful that they became very cheap; and men of respectability in their native land, were degraded by becoming slaves of common shopkeepers." Historians record that the streets of Ghazni looked like an Indian town.
	www.hvk.org /articles/0303/68.html (1457 words)

	Hazart Khawaja Moinuddin Hasan Chisty (R.A)- Love towards all malice towards none
		With the appearance of Sultan Naasiruddin Subuktagin and his notorious son Sultan Mahmud on the throne of Ghazni, the attention of the Hindu Rajas of India was diverted to the conquest of Muslim territories in the North.
		Mahmud Ghaznavi was thus forced to defend his country again and fought a furious war for 40 days.
		Whatever may be the verdict of historians against Mahmud Ghaznavi's 17 notorious invasions of India, the above historical facts of the repeated attacks against him and his father should not be overlooked by all impartial observers when Mahmud is accused for his intermittent invasions of India.
	www.dargahajmer.com /g_political.htm (1692 words)

	Ghaznavi - The Invader
		Born in 979, Mahmud became the Sultan of Ghazni in 998.
		He fought against the strong forces of Jaipal, Annadpal, Tarnochalpal, Kramta and the joint forces of Hindu Rajas and Maharajas but all of them were forced to flee away from the battlefield due to Mahmud's war strategy as a general.
		Mahmud attacked the Hindu Temples in India because of political and not religious reasons.
	www.zmong-afghanistan.com /ghaznavi.asp (463 words)

	Mahmud Ghaznavi [979-1030] - www.ezboard.com
		Mahmud Ghaznavi was a great patron of arts and learning, and a brilliant warrior and military strategist.
		Mahmud Ghaznavi was no different in that aspect, having nothing to do with religion, it was all about politics and economics of that time.
		It may be of interest to note here that Mahmud Ghaznavi's exploits of Somnath and the destruction of the temple are mentioned only by Muslim historians of much later dates.
	p076.ezboard.com /fdesivoicefrm63.showMessage?topicID=93.topic (1380 words)

	Matt & Andrej Koymasky - Famous GLTB - Mahmud Ghaznavi
		One of the most controversial personalities in the history of South Asia, Mahmud was the son of Subuktigin, a Turkish slave, who in 977 became ruler of Ghazna (now Ghazni).
		The young and ambitious Mahmud aspired to be a great monarch, and in more than 20 successful expeditions he amassed the wealth with which to lay the foundation of a vast empire that eventually included Kashmir, the Punjab, and a great part of Iran.
		Sultan Mahmud is known to have had a passionate relationship with Ayaz, a slave boy.
	andrejkoymasky.com /liv/fam/biom2/mahm1.html (466 words)

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