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	New Georgia Encyclopedia: Major Ridge (ca. 1771-1839)
		The Cherokee leader Major Ridge is primarily known for signing the Treaty of New Echota (1835), which led to the Trail of Tears.
		Ridge was born in the early 1770s in Tennessee.
		Ridge's grandson John Rollin Ridge would be known as the first Native American novelist.
	www.georgiaencyclopedia.org /nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2885 (727 words)

	Ridge, John Rollin Criticism and Essays
		Both his father, John Ridge, and his grandfather, Major Ridge, were prominent Cherokee orators and political leaders who, after failing to persuade the United States government to enforce a Supreme Court decision that protected Cherokee lands from incursions by white Georgia settlers, reluctantly signed the 1835 Treaty of New Echota.
		Ridge's father and grandfather were killed by members of the anti-Treaty faction in 1839, and his mother moved the family to Arkansas.
		The main theme that Ridge is concerned with throughout the novel is one of courage and heroism in the face of oppression.
	www.enotes.com /nineteenth-century-criticism/ridge-john-rollin (482 words)

	Major Ridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		By the time Ridge becomes a warrior in 1788, the agreement at Hopewell has been repeatedly broken by both sides and the Chickamauga (Ridge's tribe) are in revolt.
		Ridge is convinced over a period of several years, but John Ross and an overwhelming majority of the Cherokee are against removal.
		Ridge, John and Buck lay dead less than six months afterr the arrival of the Cherokee in the Oklahoma Territory.
	www.fatherryan.org /TrailofTears/ridge.html (354 words)

	John Rollin Ridge
		Ridge's own brief account of his parentage, and that dark misfortune of his childhood which cast a shadow over his whole life, as we find it in a letter written by him to a friend in 1849— only a few months before he came to California.
		My father, the late John Ridge, as you know, was one of the Chiefs of his tribe, and son of the warrior and orator distinguished in Cherokee Councils and battles, who was known amongst the whites as Major Ridge, and amongst his own people as Ka-nun-ta-cla-ge.
		John Ridge was at this time the most powerful man in the Nation, and it was necessary for Ross, in order to realize his ambitious scheme for ruling the whole Nation, not only to put the Ridges out of the way, but those who most prominently supported them, lest they might cause trouble afterwards.
	www.anpa.ualr.edu /digital_library/jrr/preface.htm (1889 words)

	Pitter's Cherokee Trails - Major Ridge-Watie (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		It is said that the Ridge was the first to cross the Tallapoosa River as the Cherokee attack from the rear during the Battle of Horseshoe Bend in 1814.
		The Ridges ultimately negotiated the Treaty of New Echota in December 1835, surrendering their ancestral home in the southeast for new land in the West.
		In his home of Honey Creek, John Ridge was dragged from his bed by three masked intruders, hauled to the yard, where the rest of the party waited and with Sarah and their children watching, was stabbed twenty- five times by the invaders.
	www.rosecity.net /cherokee/ridge.html (1381 words)

	[No title]
		The RIDGE Initiative is designed to integrate exploration, experimentation and theoretical modeling into a major research effort to understand the geophysical, geochemical and geobiological causes and consequences of the energy transfer within the global rift system through time.
		Studies are encouraged along ANY ridge segment to examine the variability and relative contributions of heat and chemical fluxes from focused and diffuse axial flow, and from ridge flank systems to global hydrothermal fluxes.
		This portion of RIDGE is designed to obtain time-series measurements that can stimulate the generation of hypotheses and the testing of resulting models relating to the temporal variation and covariation among dynamic, interconnected ridge crest processes.
	www.nsf.gov /pubs/stis1995/nsf95132/nsf95132.txt (6766 words)

	Chieftains History
		Ridge is a translation of the name "Ca-nung-da-cla-geh" which he received as a young man. The name was given to Ridge because he was seen to be a man of vision as if he were looking at the world from a mountain ridge top.
		By 1835, Major Ridge, his son John, and nephew Elias Boudinot along with a small number of influential Cherokees were convinced their people had only one chance for survival.
		John Ridge was dragged from his bed and, in front of his wife and children, he was stabbed twenty-five times, had his throat slit, was thrown into the air and then trampled by his assailants.
	www.chieftainsmuseum.org /pages/history.html (1179 words)

	Major Ridge
		When John Ross heard of Major Ridge's fate, he said "Once I saved Ridge at Red Clay, and would have done so again had I known of the plot." The feud went on for years, even after Oklahoma became a state in 1907.
		Major Ridge's home in Rome, Georgia, is the Chieftains Museum/Major Ridge Home, a national Historic Landmark and a certified historic and interpretive site on the Trail of Tears National Historic Trail.
		Major Ridge's and John Ridge's portraits are in the Smithsonian archives.
	www.georgiatribeofeasterncherokee.com /MajorRidge.htm (637 words)

	Backyard Oahu - Waiau Ridge Trail (Waimalu)
		Topographically, this is a confusing jumble of gulches and finger ridges that merge together to form Waiau Ridge, a major ridge between two others: Waimano Ridge to the northwest and Aiea Ridge to the southeast.
		En route to the main ridge is a network of jeep roads and well-graded foot-trails which remains atop or slightly below the top of the ridgeline.
		The majority of the footing on this trail is wide, relatively level with few roots and the occasional fallen tree to step over.
	www.backyardoahu.com /wiau1.shtml (893 words)

	Major Ridge, Cherokee Chief who led the tribe on the path to acculturation
		It is said that Ridge's canoe is the first to cross the Tallapoosa River as the Cherokee attack from the rear during the Battle of Horseshoe Bend(1814).
		In December, 1835, Ridge, his son John, Buck Oolwatie (Elias Boudinot), and Stand Watie sign the Treaty of New Echota, which results three years later in The Trail of Tears.
		Major Ridge's house is now the Chieftain's Museum on Georgia's Historic High Country's Chieftain's Trail.
	ngeorgia.com /people/ridge.html (1765 words)

	FSG_3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Friction skin persistency is attained as a result of this constant cycle of cell reproduction, growth and migration.
		Major ridge path formations are sometimes referred to as
		Others have been known to disagree with this and have stated that only two major ridge path formations actually extist - ridge 'endings' and 'bifurcations'.
	www.ridgesandfurrows.homestead.com /FSG_3.html (280 words)

	About North Georgia
		I object to the statement pertaining to Major Ridge, "It was a trait that would mark him throughout his life as a visionary, and end in his death for the betrayal of his people." The perception that Major Ridge "betrayed" his people is somewhat myopic and uninformed.
		This law, passed in 1830, was supported by The Ridge, his son John, and Elias Boudinot, who would all suffer the fate as laid out in the law.
		What is available is a sympathetic view of the situation in which Ridge and the others "did the right thing." It is probably correct that Major Ridge and the others "did the right thing," (it is, after all, anybody's guess), but done the wrong way.
	ngeorgia.com /letters/00feb.html (727 words)

	Stand Watie
		Major Ridge, a full-blooded Cherokee, and his son John Ridge felt that the educated and wealthy Cherokees could probably survive in Georgia but that the others would be led into drunkenness and then cheated and oppressed.
		Major Ridge, John Ridge and the Watie brothers were the only prominent Cherokees to sign the Treaty of New Echota, in Georgia, on December 29.
		Major Ridge (also known as The Ridge or just Ridge), his son, John Ridge, John's first cousin's Stand Watie and Elias Boudinot, signed the Treaty of New Echota (12/29/1835), which traded lands in Georgia for acreage in the west (Arkansas and Oklahoma).
	www.angelfire.com /ak2/MannFamilyTree/Stand.html (20420 words)

	The Ridge, aka Major Ridge Cherokee Indian Leader (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The leaders of the Treaty Party, in the Cherokee Nation, were The Ridge (or, as he was commonly called, Major Ridge), John Ridge (who was a son of Major Ridge) and Elias Boudinot (who was a nephew of Major Ridge).
		During the war of 1812, he served as Major of the Cherokee regiment in General Andrew Jackson's army in the Creek country, hence his first name became Major.
		He was a champion of "civilization and education" among the Cherokees, and his children who were able attended the finest schools available in the east, to the Indians, of the day.
	www.rootsweb.com /~oknowata/Ridge.htm (256 words)

	Chieftains Museum, Rome, Georgia
		Two hundred years ago the town was probably the largest in the dwindling Cherokee Nation and home to Major Ridge, a leader of the Cherokee Nation.
		The cabin that Ridge and wife Susanna would call home probably was built before 1792 and given to Ridge by his father, or Ridge possibly built it himself as a homestead for his beloved wife prior to moving permanently to Head of Coosa from Pine Log in the early 1800's.
		Ridge, who signed the Treaty of New Echota in 1835, left the home to white settlers a year before The Trail of Tears.
	roadsidegeorgia.com /site/chieftains.html (677 words)

	Quail Ridge Reserve - Reptiles and Amphibians
		The reptile and amphibian fauna found at Quail Ridge Reserve is a relatively rich subset of the California herpetofauna.
		The richest group at Quail Ridge is the snakes, with 10 recorded and four probable species (of a total of 33 species in California), whereas the most poorly represented is the turtles, with only the western pond turtle found here (although only three species are found state-wide).
		A major component of this faunal group is the amphibians, primarily salamanders.
	nrs.ucdavis.edu /Quail/Natural/Reptiles.htm (533 words)

	Chronicles of Oklahoma
		Major Ridge educated his son at Mission schools of the Nation and at the Cornwall, Connecticut, School for Indians; and from this latter experience came about the marriage of John Ridge to Sarah Bird Northup.
		After the death of Ridge's father his life was more or less that of an exile from his homeland, for regardless of home, friends, and success in another land his heart was always with his own people.
		It is said that Elizabeth Ridge was always deeply loyal to the Cherokee tradition and contended that her daughter's ability was an endowment from the old Cherokee blood.
	digital.library.okstate.edu /Chronicles/v010/v010p560.html (2915 words)

	Reinhardt College - Funk Heritage Center
		His borther, John Ridge helped his father to expand the house and holdings and Major Ridge became one of the wealthiest men in the Cherokee Nation.
		Major Ridge knew the penalty for what he had done but felt he had to do it to save his people from annihilation.
		Shortly after the last Cherokees arrived in Oklahoma, Major Ridge, John Ridge and Elias Boudinot were assassinated because of their involvement in the Treaty of New Echota.
	www.reinhardt.edu /funkheritage/trailoftears2.htm (592 words)

	Literary Encyclopedia: John Rollin Ridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Ridge was born into an important Cherokee family; both his father and grandfather, John and Major Ridge, were leaders in the tribe, and they, like the majority of the Nation, at first opposed leaving their lands in Georgia and moving to the wilds of the West.
		Ridge shot and killed his adversary and was forced to flee, joining a wagon train for California, never to return to the Cherokee Nation.
		Ridge’s experiences with the environment often take on the spiritual or transcendental qualities seen in the works of other writers of the time.
	www.litencyc.com /php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=3782 (740 words)

	hist0622
		June 22, 1839: Elias Boudinot, first editor of the Cherokee Phoenix, Chief Major Ridge (Kahnungdaclageh) and his son, John Ridge (Skahtlelohskee) are members of the Cherokee "Treaty Party".
		Chief Major Ridge will be shot and killed at 10:00 am in another part of the reservation.
		The woman's parents move to prevent the marriage on religious grounds and Ridge confronts the Morovians with a direct question -- "Is there anything in your Bible to prevent such a marriage?" The Morovians assure him that there is not, but they are concerned that the powerful chief does not believe them.
	nativenewsonline.org /history/hist0622.html (2068 words)

	Cherokee Families of Rusk County, Texas
		They were major participants in the struggle between the English, French, and Spanish for empire in eastern North America, and then, during the Revolution, between Great Britain and the American Colonists.
		Finally, on 29 December 1835, the Treaty of New Echota was signed by Major Ridge and his followers, which required the removal of all the eastern Cherokees to lands west of the Mississippi River.
		However, a majority of the eastern Cherokees, under the leadership of Principal Chief John Ross, opposed the Treaty and refused to relocate by the deadline (23 May 1838) established by the Treaty.
	members.tripod.com /cherokee1838 (1312 words)

	Trail of Tears - Crystalinks
		Led by Major Ridge, his son John Ridge and nephews Elias Boudinot and Stand Watie, they became known as the "Ridge Party", or the "Treaty Party".
		The Ridge Party believed that it was in the best interest of the Cherokees to get favorable terms from the U.S. government, before squatters, state governments, and violence made matters worse.
		The signatories were violating a Cherokee Nation law drafted by John Ridge (passed in 1829) which had made it a crime to sign away Cherokee lands, the punishment for which was death.Not a single official of the Cherokee Council signed the document.
	www.crystalinks.com /trailoftears.html (1641 words)

	[No title]
		Major Ridge grabbed the culprit from behind, lifted him from the deck and slammed his carcass against a cabin wall.
		Major Ridge indicated to Bill that he and Susanna planned to stay at an Inn in town if one was available.
		Major Ridge had told the Gambolds, he, himself was not yet ready to embrace Jesus as his Savior, but when the time came for a mission school to be placed in Oothcaloga, he would listen to their teachings, and consider it very carefully.
	www2.xlibris.com /bookstore/book_excerpt.asp?bookid=1005 (17122 words)

	Wheat Ridge Ministries - Major Grant Concept Paper Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Please return to Wheat Ridge Ministries either by e-mail to bev.apps@wheatridge.org or by postal mail.
		Please refer to the Major Grant Concept Paper Samples we have prepared to assist you.
		The concept paper must be received by Wheat Ridge no later than the deadlines listed in the proposal guidelines.
	www.wheatridge.org /grants/major_grant_concept_paper_guide.shtml (456 words)

	GO 568 Appalachian Mountains
		The boundary between the Piedmont and Blue Ridge is marked by the Brevard Fault zone in the southern Appalachian.
		Most of this scene portrays Piedmont rocks, and a major ridge of the Appalachian Mountains runs across the upper left portion of this view.
		Allegheny Orogeny: -- Major orogeny of the southern Appalachians culminated in the Pennsylvanian.
	academic.emporia.edu /aberjame/struc_geo/appalach/appalach.htm (1633 words)

	John Ridge Summary
		John Ridge(1792- June 22, 1839, Translated Cherokee Name: Yellow Bird) was the son of Major Ridge and a member of the Cherokee Tribe.
		His son John Rollin Ridge wrote the pseudo-biography of Joaquin M...
		The following is a document analysis of an essay written by John Ridge to the editor of a popular Cherokee newspaper.
	www.bookrags.com /John_Ridge (104 words)

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