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Majority criterion - Definition, explanation The majority criterion is a voting system criterion, used to objectively compare voting systems. The criterion states that if a majority of voters strictly prefers a given candidate to every other candidate and votes sincerely, then that candidate should win. Condorcet methods (such as the Schulze method and Ranked Pairs), plurality voting, instant runoff voting, and Bucklin voting comply with the majority criterion, while the Borda count does not. www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/m/ma/majority_criterion.php   (114 words)

CDTT - Electowiki Limiting an election method's selection to the CDTT members can permit it to satisfy the Minimal Defense criterion (and thus the Strong Defensive Strategy criterion) and the Majority criterion for solid coalitions, while coming close to satisfying the Later-no-harm criterion. When the paired method is used to generate a ranking of the candidates which is not influenced by which candidates make it into the CDTT, then compliance with the Monotonicity criterion can be preserved when the paired method already satisfies this criterion. When the CDTT is paired with a method which satisfies Later-no-harm, the combined method fails the Plurality criterion and Condorcet criterion. wiki.electorama.com /wiki/CDTT   (543 words)

Lia Rumantscha : Current state In Scuol, where tourism has a major impact, the figure now stands at 49.9% (which, however, increases to 70.3% if the spoken language is included as well). In the territory using Romansh in Central Graubünden (Surmeir/Oberhalbstein and the Albula Valley) the situation of Romansh is a mixed one. In Zuoz, Romansh is also continuing to lose ground and now stands at 25.8% (“best-command” criterion), whereas in 1980 it still held a relative majority of 38.9% as the native tongue in the commune (ahead of both German and Italian). www.liarumantscha.ch /Romansh.269.0.html?&L=2   (2470 words)

The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News The majority criterion is a voting system criterion, used to objectively compare voting systems. By the majority criterion, a candidate X should win if a majority of voters answers affirmatively to the question 'Do you prefer X to every other candidate?'. In the Condorcet criterion the individuals comprising the majorities of voters answering affirmatively may vary according to Y, but the majority criterion requires a single majority which has X as their first choice, preferred to every other candidate. www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=majority_criterion   (355 words)

What is a Majority - dKosopedia Criterion 1: If a majority of the electorate coordinates their efforts, they can assure that a given candidate is elected, or that another given candidate is not elected. You are correct in saying that in pseudomajority methods (like plurality and range voting), a given majority of the electorate *can* coordinate their intentions and decide the winner, but this merely postpones the question of how they do this. A major goal of a good voting system is to *reveal* these majority-supported policies, to avoid their getting lost in the noise of the two party system. www.dkosopedia.com /wiki/What_is_a_Majority   (1135 words)

Majority criterion   (Site not responding. Last check: ) The majority criterion is a voting system criterion, used to objectively compare voting systems. By the majority criterion, a candidate X should win if a majority of voters answers affirmatively to the question 'Do you prefer X to every other candidate?'. In the Condorcet criterion the majority of voters answering affirmatively may vary according to Y, but the majority criterion requires a single majority which prefers X to every other candidate. www.toolhost.com /Majority_criterion.html   (299 words)

Criterion Research Group, LLC: About the Company Criterion’s Accrual Model, developed in conjunction with three Wharton accounting professors, is a strong indicator of which companies’ stocks and bonds are most likely to underperform and outperform and which companies are most likely to experience higher incidences of earnings restatements, SEC enforcement proceedings and class action law suits. Criterion’s accrual model quantifies the accrual component of the earnings of 5000 public U.S. companies (the CRG 5000) and sorts these companies into ten accrual categories (or deciles) within the CRG 5000 and within the S&P 500. Criterion’s recent study also found that nearly 60% of earnings restatements announced in 2004 through May fell into the 9th and 10th accrual deciles for the years restated. www.criterionllc.com /accrual_model.php   (701 words)

Single-Winner Electoral Methods FAQ For methods meeting the Majority Criterion, this can be done if the majority ranks their chosen candidate first. If their is a Condorcet winner for the voter's sincere preferences, and this candidate does not win, then by definition, a majority of the voters prefer this candidate to the winner. That is, a majority of the voters participating in a pairwise contest is not necessarily a majority of the voters as a whole. www.condorcet.org /emr/singfaq.shtml   (4064 words)

ZELMAN V. SIMMONS-HARRIS I say “confused” because the majority’s new use of the choice criterion, which it frames negatively as “whether Ohio is coercing parents into sending their children to religious schools,” ante, at 14, ignores the reason for having a private choice enquiry in the first place. 8 The majority’s view that all educational choices are comparable for purposes of choice thus ignores the whole point of the choice test: it is a criterion for deciding whether indirect aid to a religious school is legitimate because it passes through private hands that can spend or use the aid in a secular school. The majority relies on Mueller, Agostini, and Mitchell to dispute the relevance of the large number of students that use vouchers to attend religious schools, ante, at 16—17, but the reliance is inapt because each of those cases involved insubstantial benefits to the religious schools, regardless of the number of students that benefited. supct.law.cornell.edu /supct/html/00-1751.ZD1.html   (9386 words)

Most Math 131 class notes and homework assignments, Fall 05 Monotonicity Criterion: If a candidate is the winner of the election and some voters change their preference to benefit this candidate only then that candidate should still be the winner. Majority Criterion: If there is a candidate who is the first choice of a majority of voters then that candidate should be the winner. While this criterion is not without its detractors, in a perfect world we would want voting methods to be impervious to such manipulation. www.csun.edu /~hcmth007/m131f06cn-voting.htm   (1338 words)

Regularization: Extended definition of the optimal model by the theory of discriminating criteria It has been demonstrated theoretically and experimentally that the exhaustive-search curves are gradual and unimodal for the expected value of the criterion [25]. At first, an exhaustive search is applied to all candidate models for compliance with the main criterion, and a small number of models whose structure is close to optimal is selected. The majority of criteria of structure quality of model is separate case of general formulae [24]: www.gmdh.net /GMDH_var.htm   (313 words)

AÚLEGÚ, an Arabic term meaning full age, adult, mature, in contrast to the term sáag@^r (minor) Presuming sanity, the age of bolu@g@ (majority) for boys is said to be between thirteen to fifteen (some have said ten for boys and nine for girls). The only undisputed traditional criterion for majority is either on reaching orgasm or growing pubic hairs (in male or female). The age of majority under secular, civil law (Articles 1208-10 of the Iranian Civil Code) which was in force in Iran prior to the revolution of 1358 ˆ./1979 was eighteen for both men and women. www.iranica.com /newsite/articles/v3f6/v3f6a023.html   (1240 words)

ARMAVIRUMQUE: THE NEW CRITERION'S WEBLOG Though it is the first time that Labour has ever won three successive terms, the fact that the party�s majority in the House of Commons has been reduced by about 100 seats is attributed to the Iraq factor -- and to Mr Blair�s unpopularity. Yet the fact of that majority is much more important than its size. From 'Armavirumque': The weblog of The New Criterion www.newcriterion.com /weblog/2005/05/daniel-johnsons-election-diary-iii.html   (739 words)

Dallap (1987) || Bucknell University Since Grunenwald was more senior, the majority has ordered her reinstatement despite the opinion of the Superintendent of the School District that it would be educationally unsound to effectuate such a transfer. The result of the majority's decision is, that whenever a school district realigns its staff, senior teachers and administrators will have the right to choose to fill any position for which they are certificated and which is being filled by an employee with less seniority. Requiring seniority to be the sole criterion also leads to the result that those employees who are not at the very top of the seniority totem pole will lose the job securi ty which the legislature intended to insure by the tenure provisions of the Code. www.bucknell.edu /x9645.xml   (2029 words)

Election methods and criteria   (Site not responding. Last check: ) Condorcet methods satisfy the Condorcet criterion, which says that if there is a candidate who could beat any other candidate in a one-on-one election (i.e., if there is a candidate who "pairwise beats" every other candidate), this candidate must be elected. The Plurality criterion says that C must be elected with no greater probability than A. If C is elected, it could be viewed as an obvious mistake, as there is no way to adjust the ballots voting for C so that there are as many C first preferences as A first preferences. Majority is somewhat limited in protecting majority rule, since it only protects a majority who rank each of their common candidates uninterrupted in the top positions: That is, they must make up a solid coalition. nodesiege.tripod.com /elections   (7972 words)

Definitions and Criteria If there is a single majority of the voters who rank every candidate in a set over every candidate outside that set, then the winner should always be a member of the set. The smallest mutual majority set is {B, C}, because the 30 B>C>A voters and the 25 C>B>A voters rank the candidates in that set above candidate A. Methods that pass the mutual majority criterion will not elect candidate A in this example. All resolvable voting methods that satisfy the mutual majority criterion have a compromising incentive when there is a majority rule cycle. fc.antioch.edu /~james_green-armytage/vm/define.htm   (2157 words)

Forums - What's the Criterion Collection? The Criterion Collection, a continuing series of important classic and contemporary films, is dedicated to gathering the greatest films from around the world and publishing them in editions that offer the highest technical quality and award-winning, original supplements. Criterion began with a mission to pull the treasures of world cinema out of the film vaults and put them in the hands of collectors. The Criterion Collection produces their own DVDs ("a continuing series of important classic and contemporary films," as they say), while a company called Home Vision Entertainment (www.homevision.com) serves as their distributor. www.rottentomatoes.com /vine/showthread.php?t=186087   (1150 words)

The Cardinal There is a majority rule cycle now, and A’s defeat of C is supported by the fewest votes, so minimax, ranked pairs, and beatpath choose C. The burying strategy may have the potential to cause substantial trouble in elections that use a Condorcet-efficient method. Clearly, the primary contest is between A and B, as C is opposed by a mutual majority of 90% of the voters. Also, it does not satisfy independence of clones, unless the definition of the criterion is adapted to require that candidates must be given the same rating as one another in order to qualify as clones. fc.antioch.edu /~james_green-armytage/vm/weighted_pairwise.htm   (7224 words)

RangeVoting.org - Rob Richie's "proof" of the flawed nature of range voting and superiority of IRV In the San Francisco IRV elections of 2004 these voter behaviors occurred 0.6% and 8.3% of the time, respectively, which in total is a rate approximately 100 times the all-approval voting rate for approval voting in the French study. Criterion #3 is vaguely phrased ("not likely") in order to allow IRV allegedly to "pass" it. Actually the most major problem with IRV strategic voters is "favorite betrayal" where it is strategically better to vote to for your non-favorite rather than your favorite. rangevoting.org /RichieRV.html   (1660 words)

Against the Borda Count -- CRG4.com This criterion is often considered too strong to be of interest, but here it is. Under the Borda count C is the winner, but the winner changes to A if candidate D drops out. Truncated ballots are a major issue in real elections; of the dozens of FEC-registered candidates for election, most presidential voters will only be familliar with perhaps 2–6. In this example, candidate A is the first choice of a majority (70%) of voters and as such wins under any Condorcet method. math.crg4.com /borda.html   (1063 words)

Homework Solutions to Chapter 1 Since C did not win, the Condorcet criterion is violated. The resulting preference schedule has only two candidates, A and B. Since B has 17 first-place votes (a majority) it is then the winner of the election by plurality-with-elimination. When the losing candidate D is removed, the winner changes, which means the independence of irrelevant alternatives criterion is also violated. math.rutgers.edu /~cobbs/Ch1Solutions.htm   (781 words)

The Choice of Choices This illustrates the violation of the Condorcet criterion. This illustrates the violation of the majority criterion. The point is not that Gore could or should have won; the point is that the decision procedure we use violates natural criteria for reasonableness. www.gwu.edu /~bygeorge/110304/ullman.html   (1103 words)

Reconciling Power and Equality in International Organizations: The most common way that international organizations have tried to reconcile the claims of small and large states, is by assigning assign weights to countries and declaring a motion passed if its supporters have a majority of the total weight. Voting by count and account is necessarily more conservative than using a straight majority or the account weights alone, since two criteria have to be satisfied rather than one and fewer resolutions get passed. A similar system has been in use in Australia since the last century where a proposal must get a majority of the whole population, plus win a majority in a majority of the states. www.sscnet.ucla.edu /polisci/faculty/boneill/c&a.html   (6736 words)

indianexpress.com :: Majority favour reservation but most of them want income as criterion, not purely caste Given an option, a two-third majority favoured reservations on an economic criterion rather than use purely caste-based criterion. The poll reveals a narrowing funnel of information: 79 per cent had heard about this controversy, 61 per cent had heard about the government decision, 42 per cent knew it is going to benefit only the OBCs and 36 per cent knew the decision was to apply only to higher educational institutions. Therefore, the poll can be seen as the first broad indicator of the national mood after the government’s decision to implement the OBC quota in higher education. www.indianexpress.com /printerFriendly/6250.html   (692 words)

Majority Criteria On the other hand academic mathematicians have also defined that criterion in such a way that _no_ method meets it: A method meets the Majority Criterion if and only if any alternative that is favorite to a majority will always win. So, as with the academics' "Condorcet Criterion" which would be more useful as a standard than as a criterion, we could define the Majority Standard by saying that a method does well by the majority standard if it does a good job oe electing an alternative that's favorite to a majority. But for the reasons I've given, and because the Smith Criterion (and other criteria implied by it) is important to some people, it seems reasonable to expand the definition of the Generalized Majority Criterion so that it isn't automatifcally failed by methods meeting the Smith Criterion. lists.electorama.com /htdig.cgi/election-methods-electorama.com/1996-June/000471.html   (562 words)

DVDFILE.COM: The SIlence Of The Lambs review The second DVD was the Criterion Collection version, which is nearly identical to its laserdisc counterpart with lots of extra goodies, with slightly improved image and sound. I have been told that the Criterion transfer was supervised by cinematographer Tak Fujimoto, so it should be closer to the original intent of the filmmakers than the Image disc. It is a shame that when this title goes out of print, due to Criterion's continued refusal to work with the owners of the copyright, the consumer will miss out the commentary. www.dvdfile.com /software/review/dvd-video/silence_lambs_faceoff.htm   (1249 words)

Wrightslaw - Law Library - Caselaw - Zelman v. Simmons-Harris, et. al., 536 U. S. __ (2002) The Court's majority holds that the Establishment Clause is no bar to Ohio's payment of tuition at private religious elementary and middle schools under a scheme that systematically provides tax money to support the schools' religious missions. It is only by ignoring Everson that the majority can claim to rest on traditional law in its invocation of neutral aid provisions and private choice to sanction the Ohio law. The majority upheld the state law on the strength of rights of religious-school students under the Free Exercise Clause, id., at 17-18, which was thought to entitle them to free public transportation when offered as a "general government servic[e]" to all schoolchildren, id., at 17. www.wrightslaw.com /law/caselaw/ussupct.zelman.harris.htm   (11708 words)

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