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	ABCP--Makonde Carvings from African Blackwood
		Makonde carving is probably the best known art work produced in Tanzania.
		This art is produced by the Makonde people of southern Tanzania, and their material of choice is African flwood, or mpingo.
		The most famous outlet for Makonde art is the Mwenge market in Dar-es-Salaam, where shop holders either buy a finished product, or buy semi-carved pieces or raw timber and pay carvers to work on-site.
	www.blackwoodconservation.org /carving.html (538 words)

	Makonde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Makonde are an ethnic group in southeast Tanzania and northern Mozambique.
		The Makonde are originally a matrilineal society where children and inheritances belong to women and husbands move into the village of their wives.
		Their traditional religion is animistic form of ancestor worship and still continues although Makonde of Tanzania are nominally Catholic and those of Mozambique are Catolic or Muslim.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Makonde (226 words)

	Makonde
		The major centres of Makonde carving in Tanzania are in the south-east on the Makonde plateau, and in Dar es Salaam.
		Makonde sculpture, old and modern, represents an artistic tradition which evolved in response to the historical and economic forces affecting the Makonde people throughout the twentieth century, especially after the 1930s.
		The Makonde corpus of the 1940s and 1950s featured in the exhibition legitimately reflects the birth of an autonomous modern art tradition; that it is not ritual art or that it became commercial are insufficient grounds for dismissing it as Chambers did.
	www.ntz.info /gen/n00367.html (4043 words)

	TRIBAL TATTOOS of MOZAMBIQUE'S MAKONDE - by LARS KRUTAK
		However, the Makonde practice of tattooing the navel and pubic areas was perhaps related to the long-standing tradition of prophylactic "magic" aimed at warding off penetration or possession by evil forces that targeted vulnerable body passageways, namely the natural openings of the body.
		The Makonde adhered to a cosmology dominated by a powerful impersonal force (ntela), the propitiation of ancestral spirits (mahoka) who were sometimes good or evil, and a concept of pervasive bush spirits (nnandenga) and sorcerers who were a form of malevolence.
		In this sense, Makonde tattoo arts were an important tool for fostering productive interaction between human beings and spirits, because it is clear that the designs repeatedly tattooed on women helped to secure their commitment to the potencies that bring forth life and to the socialization process of initiation itself.
	www.vanishingtattoo.com /makonde_tattoos.htm (1247 words)

	Makonde People (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Makonde are known as master carvers throughout East Africa, and their statuary can be found being sold in tourist markets and in museums alike.
		The Makonde of Tanzania and Mozambique are separarted by the Rovuma River and are culturally distinct.
		Recently, enclaves of Makonde have developed on the outskirts of Dar es Salaam and of Kambia in Kenya, although they seem to limit their interaction with outsiders, preferring to identify with their own cultural traditions.
	www.uiowa.edu /%7eafricart/toc/people/Makonde.html (239 words)

	Mozambique - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The estimated 4 million Makua are the dominant group in the northern part of the country - the Sena and Ndau are prominent in the Zambezi valley, and the Shangaan (Tsonga) dominate in southern Mozambique.
		Mozambique's most highly developed art forms have been wood sculpture, for which the Makonde in northern Mozambique are particularly renowned, and dance.
		The middle and upper classes continue to be heavily influenced by the Portuguese colonial and linguistic heritage.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mozambique (3421 words)

	Library Resource Center - Makonde Art- From Tanzania -
		One of the five major tribes in Tanzania, the Makonde are a proud and rugged, yet sensitive, people who reside on the high plateaus of northern Mozambique and Southern Tanzania.
		Makonde carvings can range in depiction from naturalistic renderings of human and animal life to almost nightmarish biomorphic amalgamations of same.
		Makonde art today maintains traditional elements of their human story in a tribal setting, though scores of carvers have been influenced by Western demand for their products, which has led to what is referred to as “Modern Makonde,” carvings designed solely for the tourist market.
	www.xula.edu /library/flash_text/makonde/index.html (338 words)

	PASALA Graduate Student Symposium 1997: Mshana
		Though Chuma was identified with the modern Makonde styles at some stage of his long successful career, he is yet to be discussed as a Zaramo artist.
		Within Zaramo carving circles, his compatriots have often compared him with Makonde artists, remarking: "La, yule bwana kwa kweli Mungu amemjalia--ni hadari, anachonga kupita Wamahonde.4 Here, the Makonde are taken as the yardstick in carving excellence in Tanza-nia, even as the Zaramo rate their own as a superior artist.
		He wants to be recognized as a Zaramo artist, not as a Makonde artist, in spite of the potential for fame in being perceived as a Makonde artist or being associated with the widely recognized Makonde sculptural style.
	sdrc.lib.uiowa.edu /ceras/baobab/mshana.html (3551 words)

	Makonde figurative carvings - Traditional Music & Cultures of Kenya
		The Makonde are, of course, famous for the wood carvings which bear their name.
		The oldest form is the female figure, and relate to the cult of womanhood, in keeping with the Makonde creation myth in which the male ancestor of the Makonde got lonely and created a carving of a woman, who came alive.
		Its models are the spirits of Makonde folklore presented in distorted, often grotesque form.
	www.bluegecko.org /kenya/tribes/makonde/carving-figures.htm (757 words)

	Thomson Safaris - Newsletter Issue 29
		The Makonde are one of the five major tribes in Tanzania who originally migrated north from Mozambique to the southern Tanzanian highlands.
		They are internationally famous for their intricate carvings, based on Life, Love, Good and Evil and which form their beliefs about the origins of man. The carvings are possibly the greatest art forms which originate from Tanzania and are considered the most positive and uninhibited of all East African art.
		Imitators of the Makonde art across East Africa, often use cheap local hardwoods and finish the carvings with boot polish to give it the Ebony look.
	www.thomsonsafaris.com /newsletter/nl29_makonde.htm (488 words)

	Kubatana - Archive - Preliminary press statement for the urban council elections, Harare and Makonde parliamentary ...
		For rural and farm residents, in the case of Makonde, there was need for confirmation by the village head or farm owner, thereby leaving discretion to the village head or farm owner to say he/she knew the intending voter or not.
		After an analysis of the voters' roll inspection exercise, the nomination courts procedures and results as well as the general political atmosphere in the run-up to the elections, ZESN fears the many irregularities that characterised the pre-election period compromised SADC Parliamentary Forum Norms and Standards of free and fair elections.
		Despite the irregularities ZESN urges all registered voters in Harare Central, Makonde and all towns where urban council elections will be held to go and vote on the 30th and 31st of August in their respective constituencies.
	www.kubatana.net /html/archive/elec/030829zesn.asp?sector=ELEC (875 words)

	makonde
		Carved from soft wood, the images were embellished with traditional body decoration: the face and torso had geometrical designs, and the upper lip exhibited the lip-plug worn by Makonde women of the time.
		One of the most important events in the life of a Makonde was initiation.
		The Makonde are almost the only ethnicity in East Africa to create fairly naturalistic sculptures – primarily maternity figures, which are intended to ensure the fertility of the fields and women.
	www.zyama.com /makonde/pics..htm (659 words)

	Tall carved figural sculpted wooden container, Makonde - Africa Direct
		The Makonde are some of the most prolific art producers and users in the region of Tanzania in eastern Africa.
		The Makonde artist who carved this container demonstrates his skill in producing an object of great wit as well as function.
		The scarification patterns are repeated on the sides of the bowl and on the lid in a kind of visual echo of pattern and form.
	www.africadirect.com /productsdesc.php?ID=3141 (259 words)

	Makonde Mask
		The most famous Makonde masks are the helmet masks used for Boy's initiation into adulthood.
		Makonde's are known as master carvers throughout East Africa.
		History: The Makonde of Tanzania and Mozambique are separarted by the Rovuma River and are culturally distinct.
	www.buyafricanantiques.com /makonde.htm (374 words)

	african people makonde
		__ "The Makonde of Tanzania and Mozambique are separarted by the Rovuma River and are culturally distinct.
		Because of the relative isolation of their homeland, the first contacts with Europeans did not occur until 1910, and then they were very sporadic." You will find material related to art, culture, history, religion, political structure and more.
		The Makonde are matrilineal, meaning the heritage comes through the mother, and their carvings reflect the importance of the mother in their society." A brief overview of Makonde life.
	www.archaeolink.com /african_people_makonde.htm (300 words)

	Pilot Guides.com: Spiritual Crafts: Makonde Carvings
		Perhaps the most celebrated craft from the region is the extraordinary wooden spirit-figures, carved by the Makonde people for over 300 years.
		Awareness of their craft, which was passed down through the generations, gradually spread and in the 1950's a Makonde workshop was set up in Dar es Salaam.
		Modern Makonde carvings fall into three main categories: representing men and women carrying out traditional roles within the community; intertwined figures participating in ceremonial rituals or showing several generations derived from a common ancestor, known as ‘people trees’; and depictions of ancestors and spirits from mythology in human form, often with an enlarged left ear.
	www.pilotguides.com /destination_guide/africa/tanzania_and_zanzibar/makonde_carvings.php (504 words)

	greers
		Famous for their carvings on wood and other materials, the Makonde are also a large people group, with a population of about one million.
		After they had gotten more acquainted, they began visiting more in-depth with the nationals in order to learn their history, culture, customs and language and record much of what they learned.
		Zack noted that the length of their stay was important to the decision, since it gave them a real chance to know what time away from their own cultures was like.
	www.wbu.edu /a/a05c/2003/greers.htm (882 words)

	African Fine Arts - Masks - Makonde Body Mask from Tanzania - Art From Africa
		Among the Makonde of south-eastern Tanzania initiation is still one of the most important ritual cycles.
		It was usually carved with a swollen abdomen decorated with the typical Makonde raised tattoos applied with beeswax (in this case carved in relief) and was always worn by a male masquerader together with a matching female facemask.
		Although the body mask is no longer used today, dramatic scenes depicting various aspects of community life continue to be performed by masked or maskless performers during the celebrations.
	www.artfromafrica.com /bodymask.html (217 words)

	Excite - Travel Guide - Off the Beaten Track
		Few travellers visit the south-eastern part of Tanzania adjacent to the Mozambique border, but this is where the famous makonde carvings originally came from (they've since been copied by artisans all over East Africa).
		The first leg is a bus from Mbeya to Njombe, one of the highest and coldest parts of the country.
		Then it's on to the rowdy town of Songea, and beyond to the remote towns of Tunduru and Masai, on the Makonde Plateau itself.
	www1.excite.com /travel/travelguide/beatentrack/0,20310,africa-538,00.html (487 words)

	Los Angeles Times - Travel
		Makonde, in the harsh mists of the Ruvuma River and the oral fragments of
		Makonde carving has come to be appreciated by Europeans, as well as
		Makonde legend, shetani are forest or bush spirits, occasionally
	www.afroart.com /latimes.html (1602 words)

	MISSIONS EDUCATION: Wayland students learn overseas
		The elder Greers had been the first Baptists to work among the Makonde, whom Zack describes as a remote people living in mud huts with no electricity, no running water and primitive living conditions.
		The Makonde, famous for their carvings on wood and other materials, are a people group of about 1 million.
		They were present for establishment of the first church among the Makonde started in the village of Chitandi.
	www.baptiststandard.com /2003/3_24/pages/greers.html (748 words)

	Leslie Sacks Fine Art - Makonde Background
		The Makonde are an East African tribe living around the Rovumba River that divides Mozambique from Tanzania.
		The Makonde produced both masks and standing figures.
		Makonde helmet masks have strong, portrait-like features, sometimes also with scarification.
	www.lesliesacks.com /gallery/artistPages/makonde/makondebio.htm (96 words)

	Modern Makonde Art: Hamburg Mawingu Collection
		Lassen Sie sich überraschen von der unerreichten Schnitzkunst der Makonde aus Ostafrika.
		Let yourself be surprised by the unequalled art of wood carving of the Makonde from East Africa.
		The Hamburg Mawingu Collection is part of the important digests of modern Makonde art.
	www.makonde-online.de /index2.html (217 words)

	Makonde Art, Tanzania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Male Makonde dancers, taking the role of a woman in a ceremonial ritual would, in addition to a helmet mask, wear a female body mask.
		Stools are a minor art form for the Makonde, who are better known for their helmet masks, body masks and modern, expressionistic carvings.
		This small stool shows the realism for which the Makonde are famous, as well as the traditional facial scarification.
	www.hamillgallery.com /MAKONDE/MakondeArt.html (151 words)

	Religion in East Africa
		The Makonde are nearly as “famous” as the Maasai because of their well-known artwork: the Makonde are renowned for their masterful wood carving.
		Makonde artwork plays a large role in their religion.
		The statues often have several faces melting out of a single body, this represents the Makonde belief that we all carry our ancestors with us.
	www.personal.psu.edu /users/a/r/art5001/interest.htm (521 words)

	Tabwa.com - A MAKONDE LIPIKO MASK
		This is a well known type of mask that is used during male initiation.
		These masks are Called Lipico by the Makonde and characteristically have realistic features.
		The Makonde people live in the coastal highland regions of southern Tanzania and Northern Mozambique.
	www.tabwa.com /detail28.htm (65 words)

	Ethnologue report for language code:kde
		Matambwe may be closer to Yao than Makonde, and may even be a separate language or a dialect of Mwera.
		Vadonde (Donde, Ndonde), Vamwalu (Mwalu), Vamwambe (Mwambe), Vamakonde (Makonde), Maviha (Chimaviha, Kimawiha, Mavia, Mabiha, Mawia).
		Contos tradicionais bilingues; Mwani, Koti, Makonde, Makhuwa, Nyungwe, Lolo.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=kde (179 words)

	Makonde (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Makonde carvings are made by the Makonde of East Africa who are well known artists and wood carvers of great skill, creativity and imagination.
		The ethnic Makonde live on the Makonde Plateau in the north-east corner of Mozambique, to the south of the Ruvuma River.
		The material of the carvings is of the African Blackwood tree (Dalbergia Melanoxylon) known as "Mozambique Ebony" and the carvings are without exception monoxylons.
	www.getafrica.com /makonde.htm (170 words)

	PanAfrLoc \| PanAfrLoc / YaoMakonde (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		These languages, Yao and Makonde, are known as the Yao Group of Bantu (Guthrie P20).
		Yao is spoken by the Yao, primarily in southern Malawi but also in southeastern Tanzania and in Mozambique, and Makonde (spoken by the Makonde, primarily in southeastern Tanzania and in Mozambique).
		Matambwe (may be closer to Yao than Makonde, and may even be a separate language or a dialect of Mwera) [in Tanzania]
	www.bisharat.net /wikidoc/pmwiki.php/PanAfrLoc/YaoMakonde (331 words)

	sell.com classifieds : Makonde Pregnant Body Mask African Art for sale in Chicago (229831)
		Worn at initiation ceremonies, this body mask is worn by a male dancer who imitates the struggles of childbirth during the ceremony.
		According to legend, the first man had carved a woman figure into a tree which, when he woke up, had become a real woman.
		During their life together they had many children and at the end of her life the first woman became the ancestress of the Makonde.
	www.sell.com /229831 (210 words)

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