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Topic: Malachite green

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	Malachite Green - Chemistry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Malachite green (also aniline green, basic green 4, diamond green B, or victoria green B, IUPAC name:4-[(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-phenyl-methyl]-N,N-dimethyl-aniline) is a toxin chemical primarily designed to be a dye and is subsequently used to treat parasites, fungal infections, and bacterial infections in fish and fish eggs.
		Malachite green is known to be highly toxic to certain freshwater fish such as tetras, catfish and shark catfish.
		Malachite green is used as a biological stain for microscopic analysis of cell and tissue samples.
	chemistry.tidalswan.com /index.php?title=Malachite_Green (1326 words)

	malachite green (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Malachite Green is used to treat ectoparasites such as gill flukes, Ich and Trichodina as well as bacteria and fungal infections.
		Formalin in conjunction with Malachite Green is used for fish at the dosage rate of 10 - 25 ppm and 0.05 - 0.1 ppm respectively.
		Malachite Green is toxic to small fry, some varieties of tetras, ornamental catfish such as Pimelodidae, as well as bluegill and bass.
	www.argent-labs.com /malachitegreen.htm (325 words)

	US FDA/CFSAN - Determination of Malachite Green and Leucomalachite Green in Salmon with In-Situ Oxidation and Liquid ...
		Malachite green (MG) and leucomalachite green (LMG) residues were extracted from salmon tissue with ammonium acetate buffer and acetonitrile, and then isolated by partitioning into methylene chloride.
		Leucomalachite green was quantitatively oxidized to the chromic malachite green by reaction with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone.
		Malachite green residues were also extracted from salmon with an average recovery of 71.1 ± 13.4 % over the concentration range 1.0 to 10.0 ppb.
	www.cfsan.fda.gov /~frf/lib4334.html (4289 words)

	Malachite Green (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The chemical structure of Malachite Green is shown at the right.
		This is a graph of the molar extinction coefficient of Malachite Green dissolved in water.
		Malachite Green has a molar extinction coefficient of 148,900 M
	omlc.ogi.edu /spectra/PhotochemCAD/html/malachiteGreen.html (142 words)

	Green Malachite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Malachite, one of the first green pigments, was first used in Egypt.
		Malachite is worn to detect impending danger - and is believed to break into many pieces to warn the wearer.
		Malachite is considered the salesperson's stone - and is worn to increase ones ability to obtain good deals and sales.
	www.homestead.com /wysinger/malachite.html (154 words)

	Malachite green and formalin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Malachite Green and Formalin are one of the main cornerstones of fish disease treatments having been used for many years against a range of parasites.
		Malachite green has powerful anti-fungal properties and is used against Saprolegnia (fungus) either when present on fish or to as a prophylactic treatment to protect fish-eggs from infection.
		This equates to 0.015 mls/litre formalin and 0.05 mg/litre malachite green
	www.fishdoc.co.uk /treatments/malachite.htm (1196 words)

	Malachite (fine grade) \| Natural Pigments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Malachite the mineral is basic carbonate of copper, usually described as a bright greenish blue or sometimes as a pale green.
		Malachite has often proved to be permanent in oil paintings, although it may acquire a dull, brownish hue owing to the darkening of the oil.
		Malachite is moderately toxic and care should be used in handling the dry powder pigment to avoid inhaling the dust.
	www.naturalpigments.com /detail.asp?PRODUCT_ID=420-20S (561 words)

	Newletter Article 11 - Malachite Green.
		There have been reports on the use of malachite green as a fungicide and ectoparasiticide in aquaculture and fisheries since 1936 (Foster and Woodburg, 1936) and it is still one of the most effective chemicals in use for this purpose throughout the world.
		Malachite green (CI 42000) is available in a number of forms, for example oxalate or hydrochloride salt, or as a mixture of acetic and hydrochloride salts (Alderman, 1985).
		Among the many synonyms for malachite green are victoria green B, II diamond green B, solid green O, astramalachite green, light green N. The difference between malachite green and malachite is that the former is not a copper mineral.
	www.fisheries.go.th /aahri/Health_new/AAHRI/AAHRI/Topics/Newsletter/art11.htm (554 words)

	The Korea Times : Use of Malachite Green, Asbestos to Be Limited (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Malachite green raised concerns in South Korea when it was detected last September in eels imported from China.
		But the use of malachite green in mosquito repellant and asbestos in cars will be prohibited on a gradual basis either from the second half of this year or in early 2007 following consultations among pertinent government ministries.
		Malachite green is often used to treat parasites and fungal and bacterial infections in fish.
	times.hankooki.com /lpage/nation/200601/kt2006013018323211990.htm (200 words)

	Canadian Food Inspection Agency - Food Facts - Malachite Green - Questions and Answers - General Information
		Malachite green (MG) is an antifungal agent approved for use in aquarium fish.
		Scientific evidence indicates that leucomalachite green, a metabolite of malachite green, may be a genotoxic carcinogen which persists in fish tissues long after malachite green can no longer be detected.
		While it is unclear to what extent malachite green is present in the environment, data collected by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) since 2003 indicates that, in certain cases, the trace detection of MG/LMG residues in fish products are unlikely to be the result of intentional use.
	www.inspection.gc.ca /english/fssa/concen/specif/malachite/queste.shtml (1157 words)

	FishVet, dedicated to improving aquatic health. - Malachite Green (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Malachite Green is an effective treatment for common fungal diseases such as Saprolegnia and Achlya as well as external parasites such as Ichthyopthirius (freshwater ich), Costia, Chilodonella, Cryptocaryon, Oodinium and Trichodina.
		Malachite green is not for use with scaleless fish.
		Malachite Green can be used along with Formalin-MS.
	www.fishvet.com /14.html (331 words)

	MalachiteGreen
		Malachite Green is used for anti-fungal purposes, in attempts at curtailing bacterial complaints, as an anti-protozoal (for freshwater ich and velvet mainly, but also monogenetic trematodes/flukes.
		Malachite Green is deadly toxic to all marine and freshwater invertebrates, algae, plant-life.
		Malachite Green should be utilized in a separate treatment tank as it is quickly absorbed by detritus, natural gravels...
	www.wetwebmedia.com /malachitegreen.htm (863 words)

	Olympus MIC-D: Butterfly Wing Scale Gallery - Malachite
		Malachite is a semi-precious green gemstone and the malachite butterfly is so-named because of the pale green translucent patches visible on the upper sides of its wings.
		Sexual dimorphism is so pronounced in malachite butterflies that the larger and more lightly colored females are sometimes mistakenly placed in different subspecies than the males of their populations.
		Green Wing Scale Marking (High Magnification) - A high level of magnification was used to capture this example of a malachite's green wing marking.
	www.olympusmicro.com /micd/galleries/butterfly/malachiter10.html (738 words)

	Malachite 4
		Malachite is commonly used in inexpensive jewelry and as a carving medium.
		Malachite is perhaps the most familiar of the green minerals, occurring as shades of bright vibrant greens to dark or flish-green.
		The finest specimens are malachite curls and spirals in tangled aggregates with azurite, strashimirite, brochantite, dolomite, and quartz.
	www.und.nodak.edu /instruct/mineral/geol318/webpage/ramfjord/Malachite_4.html (1264 words)

	polished malachite mineral displays
		Malachite beads from Zaire with mint and forest green in stripes, swirls and bull eyes that are 3/16 inch to 7/16 inch graduated sizes with green plastic spacers and a barrel clasp.
		Small slabs of dense banded malachite from Congo with swirls, bulls eyes and tight lacy patterns are resin bonded into the shapely 6 inch by 4 3/4 inch by 1 1/8 inch deep oval dish with gold color trim and scalloped edges.
		A coiled cobra is of malachite whose dark and light shaded banding is at the same angle as the upward spiral of the snake.
	www.minertown.com /market/malachite/polished (1419 words)

	Growfish - Gippsland Aquaculture Industry Network (GAIN)
		Malachite green and microbial contamination is tested by EIA laboratories before certifying the product for export.
		Malachite green: Malachite green is an inexpensive and effective preservative which is used by fishermen for preservation of aquaculture products from contamination of fungus growth during storage and travel.
		In 1992, the Canadian Government found that Malachite green may cause cancer in the consumers and ordered that seafood should not contain malachite green and even a very minimum quantity of malachite green in fish was considered as adulterated food.
	www.growfish.com.au /content.asp?ContentId=5459 (237 words)

	SDNHM - Malachite
		Malachite occurs when carbonated water interacts with copper minerals, or when a solution of copper interacts with limestone.
		Malachite is usually found with azurite, a blue secondary mineral of copper.
		Malachite is used as a decorative stone, since it is easily cut and polished.
	www.sdnhm.org /fieldguide/minerals/malachite.html (235 words)

	Malachite Resource - Autumn Gallery Handmade Malachite Jewelry
		Malachite, was used as one of the first green pigments in Egypt and China.
		Malachite was being mined in the Sinai Peninsula in 4,000 BC.
		Malachite sometimes occurs in rounded (mamillated) nodules, botryoidal shapes, grape shapes, cone shapes, or stalactite and, rarely, encrusted slabs.
	www.autumngallery.net /malachite.html (535 words)

	Decolorization of Malachite Green and Crystal Violet by Waterborne Pathogenic Mycobacteria -- Jones and Falkinham III ...
		to be resistant to malachite green (2) and crystal violet (24).
		"bleaching" malachite green (17), and a malachite green-reducing
		to malachite green and crystal violet is the sequestration of
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/47/7/2323 (2532 words)

	Malachite Green (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Malachite green and formalin have been used as a multicure for fish diseases It is particularly effective against ich, velvet disease, skin and gill fluke and bacterial diseases like fin and tail rot.
		When it is used together with malachite green it has a far greater effect (most medication sold has both MG and Formalin).
		malachite green* is reactive with light so UV lights should be turned off for treatment.
	www.kokosgoldfish.com /MalachiteGreen.html (207 words)

	Sailormoon Resource: Minerology
		The light and dark green bands are so distinctive that malachite maybe one of the most easily recognized minerals by the general public.
		Although malachite art is not as precious as jade; it is hard to argue that it is less beautiful.
		So common is malachite that it is associated with almost every secondary copper mineral whether they are carbonate minerals or not.
	www.angelfire.com /anime4/sailormoonresource/minerology/malachite.html (716 words)

	US FDA/CFSAN - Quantitative and Confirmatory Analyses of Malachite Green and Leucomalachite Green Residues in Fish and ...
		Malachite green (MG) is an effective topical fungicide used in the aquaculture industry.
		Malachite green was not detected in any of two reagent blanks, nine control tilapia samples, eight control shrimp samples, or four control salmon samples.
		Malachite green is a charged (not protonated) species in solution with a molecular ion at m/z 329.
	www.cfsan.fda.gov /~frf/lib4363.html (6347 words)

	Malachite/ Leucomalachite Green
		In the absence of any authorised veterinary medicine alternative, malachite green has been used extensively by aquaculture industries worldwide for many years, proving particularly effective at protecting the welfare of farmed fish.
		Malachite green is not listed as a veterinary medicine under Annexes I, II or III of Council Regulation 2377/90, and its administration for that purpose is therefore not permitted in aquaculture.
		The simultaneous analysis of both malachite green and leucomalachite green in farmed fish (trout or salmon) is routinely conducted within the Residue Analysis Department, using a fully validated procedure.
	www.eclipsescientific.co.uk /food_drink/malachite.htm (464 words)

	Biotransformation of Malachite Green by the Fungus Cunninghamella elegans -- Cha et al. 67 (9): 4358 -- Applied and ...
		Toxicity and metabolism of malachite green and leucomalachite green during short-term feeding to Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F(1) mice.
		Analysis of malachite green and metabolites in fish using liquid chromatography atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry.
		Reduction of malachite green to leucomalachite green by intestinal bacteria.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/67/9/4358 (1670 words)

	Less malachite green detected in fish
		The highest level of malachite green found in eels was 4,500 micrograms per kilogram while the highest level for freshwater fish was 900μg/kg.
		Thirty-four fish samples were tested and 21 were negative for malachite green, while 13 had positive results ranging from 1.2μg/kg to 900μg/kg.
		On the level of malachite green found in the freshwater fish sampled last Saturday, the Health, Welfare and Food Bureau said among the eight tested samples, three were detected with positive results ranging from 1.8μg/kg to 18μg/kg.
	news.gov.hk /en/category/healthandcommunity/050822/html/050822en05009.htm (137 words)

	FishDoc.net - MALACHITE GREEN CONTAMINATION, FISH - ISRAEL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The spokesman explained that the ministry issued a ban last April on malachite green (used to exterminate parasites in fish), since research studies indicated that it might be carcinogenic.
		The Health Ministry spokesman said he could not name the 4 problematic farms, apart from the pond at Kibbutz Neveh Eitan, in which the malachite green affair was originally exposed; and officials from the Agriculture Ministry withheld the names of the 3 other fish farms.
		Malachite green is presumed to be a carcinogen, and this is where the concern stems from.
	www.fishdoc.net /articles/details.php?articleId=30 (947 words)

	Malachite (DesertUSA)
		Malachite is a member of this third group, as are the minerals, bastnäsite, doverite, and azurite.
		Malachite crystals sometimes form as needles that fan out from the rock in which they are embedded.
		Malachite is found in Russia, Zaire, Australia, and Namibia, Zaire, South Africa, Australia, Germany, Romania, Chile, Mexico and the U.S. In the U.S., localities include Juab County Utah; Morenci, Greenlee, Globe, Gila, Ajo and Pima counties, Arizona; and Grant and Socorro counties in New Mexico.
	www.desertusa.com /mag99/apr/papr/malachite.html (409 words)

	Malachite green(말라카이트 그린) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Malachite green(말라카이트 그린)에 대하여 그것의 화학식, 합성법, 활용실정, 유독성 등에 대하여 조사한 자료입니다.
		Malachite green(MG)은 triphenylmethaner계의 염기성 염료로 두 개의 N atom과 phenyl group의 탄소원자들, 그리고 중심 탄소원자가 모두 sp²혼성화 되어 긴 conjugation system을 이루고 있어서 π-electron이 넓은 범위에서 delocalization되어 발색을 일으킬 수 있는 Fig.1과 같은 구조로 이루어져있다.
		Malachite Green의 구피에 대한 급성 및 아급성 독성(2005).
	www.onreport.co.kr /data/316/F315658.html (56 words)

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