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Topic: Malarial parasite

	Malaria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Malaria is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium (phylum Apicomplexa): P.
		The parasite is relatively protected from attack by the body's immune system because for most of its human life cycle it resides within the liver and blood cells and is relatively invisible to immune surveillance.
		The best-studied influence of the malaria parasite upon the human genome is the blood disease, sickle-cell anaemia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Malaria (4611 words)

	The Functions of the Spleen
		It is quite understood that the mosquito is not in the least concerned about the life of the malarial parasite, as, when she bites, it is with the view of obtaining her natural food; and she is not at all concerned in the perpetuation of another form of life.
		In notoriously malarial regions the splenomegalys are very common on account of the great prevalence of infected mosquitoes; and continued reinfections keep the spleen enlarged in its endeavors to perform its functions, viz., excreting its hormone, which is inimical to the malarial parasite, and neutralizing its toxins.
		In the parasitisms, or "physio-pathological" conditions, in both the human and the bovine families, we see how strictly Nature draws the line as to the food of her parasites, in that the piroplasma will not develop in the blood of any other creature that the infected tick may happen to be feeding upon.
	www.whale.to /a/camp_pt4.html (3322 words)

	Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Malaria parasites causing malaria are prevalent in regions lying roughly between latitudes 60° N and 40° N. It is widespread in tropical and temperate countries.
		As nothing indicated that the parasite was to be found in the secretions or excretions, the supposition lay near at hand, that suctorial insects would assist in carrying the parasite to a place, where it had to pass the aforementioned part of its life-cycle.
		Manson was moreover guided by his experience regarding another parasite of the blood, a little worm, filaria, the transference of which from one part of its life-cycle to another he had found effected by the mosquito, and more particularly by special species of the mosquito.
	www.vigyanprasar.com /dream/aug2001/modernemer.htm (6703 words)

	JPMA ::: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Development of malarial antigen based rapid diagnostic tests (Rdts) for detection of malaria in the past few years might offer a valid alternative to microscopy.7 These tests are based on the detection of antigens derived from malaria parasites in lysed blood, using immunochromatographic methods.
		Microscopy can pick malarial parasites even if the density is as low as 10-50 parasites/ul.9,15 This sensitivity of microscopy is seen under study conditions where trained microscopists are scanning each blood smear for 10-20 minutes which does not seem practical in a busy hospital setting in routine.
		Parasite F test compared with the polymerase chain reaction and microscopy for the diagnosis of plasmodium falciparum malaria in travelers.
	jpma.org.pk /JPMA/8Aug04/fulltext2.htm (1927 words)

	Malaria-Print version
		Malaria is caused by a parasite (Plasmodium) that lives in red blood cells and cells of the liver.
		The parasite is transmitted from person to person by the female Anopheles mosquito (Box 1: Life cycle of malarial parasite).
		Malarial parasites mature into sporozoites in the salivary glands of a mosquito and enter a human when the mosquito bites.
	www.science.org.au /nova/011/011print.htm (4153 words)

	Frequently Asked Questions \| CDC Malaria
		Malaria parasites, which grow and develop inside the mosquito, need warmth to complete their growth before they are mature enough to be transmitted to humans.
		Because the malaria parasite is found in red blood cells, malaria can also be transmitted through blood transfusion, organ transplant, or the shared use of needles or syringes contaminated with blood.
		The malaria parasite is a complex organism with a complicated life cycle.
	www.cdc.gov /malaria/faq.htm (2933 words)

	The Biology of Malarial Parasite in the Mosquito - A Review
		The authors concluded that it seems likely that lectin-binding phenomena play a role in the orientation of the parasites on their way out of the midgut lumen and that the PM and/or glycocalyx may be crucial structures for the penetration of the gut epithelium by the ookinete.
		Whether this is due to the inability of the ookinete to penetrate the basal lamina, or to the specific recognition of the lamina and consequent shut-down of the incisive process is not known.
		Furthermore, the factors that are responsible for the death of parasite in refractory lines are not confined to the stomach wall.
	memorias.ioc.fiocruz.br /915/3090.html (8364 words)

	Allegation One
		As has been said, the malarial parasite selects the red corpuscle as its normal habitat, but it does not merely occupy the corpuscle—it gets its nourishment from its contents, and when these are exhausted, it ruptures the corpuscle, and immediately enters another, and another, and so on, destroying each as it leaves.
		The malarial subject is apt to be dyseptic; to suffer from irregularities of the bowels, or from diarrhoea.
		These patients are malarial carriers, who perpetuate the disease in those sections where meteorological conditions are such as to destroy the parasite in the mosquito during the winter months, and are a most serious factor in any community considering a campaign against this disease.
	www.whale.to /a/camp1.html (6881 words)

	Malaria and the Sickle Hemoglobin Gene
		The complex nature of the malaria parasite life cycle in the human host presents several points at which the organism could be targeted for destruction.
		No mutation in the structure or function of hepatic cells that kills the malarial parasite or retards its growth is known.
		The last point at which life cycle of the malarial parasite can be frustrated in humans is at the phase of red cell invasion and multiplication.
	sickle.bwh.harvard.edu /malaria_sickle.html (4035 words)

	The Hindu : To halt the malarial parasite
		The Hindu : To halt the malarial parasite
		Instead of preventing the malaria parasite from infecting humans, they could instead stop it from infecting the mosquito that spreads the lethal disease.
		After three weeks in the mosquito's gut, the parasite moves to its salivary glands.
	www.hindu.com /2004/03/27/stories/2004032703432200.htm (201 words)

	GINSBURG, HAGAI
		Oxidizing radicals produced by the parasite enhance the hexose monophosphate shunt of the host cell, thus increasing the levels of purine nucleosides that enter into the parasite thereby providing it with ribose-phosphate.
		The biochemical origin of the oxidative stress that the parasite impinges on it host cell, has been identified: it occurs during the proteolytic oxidation of host cell hemoglobin inside the acid food vacuole of the parasite.
		Heme, which is toxic to the malaria parasite, is formed when the intraerythrocytic malaria parasite ingests and digests its host cell cytosol which consists mainly of hemoglobin, inside its food vacuole.
	biolchem.huji.ac.il /ginsburg.asp?pname=ginsburg (2868 words)

	Gene study demystifies malarial parasite : HindustanTimes.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		But by the time the immune system has produced antibodies that recognise the malaria protein, the parasite is a step ahead, presenting a different form of the protein that the antibodies cannot recognise.
		Researchers have known for about a decade that a family of at least 50 malaria genes known as 'var' is responsible for the ability of the parasite to disguise itself, constantly changing its version of protein to avoid being detected.
		According to Cowman, forcing the parasite to turn all of the var genes on would allow the human immune system to 'see' all variations of the protein that the parasite produces on the surface of infected cells.
	www.hindustantimes.com /news/181_1315335,00040004.htm (419 words)

	Database lets researchers worldwide access genome of malarial parasite
		PHILADELPHIA -- A database cataloging the genome of Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite responsible for the vast majority of the world's malaria deaths, will be distributed to tens of thousands of scientists worldwide via a CD-ROM inserted in the Oct. 31 issue of the journal Nature.
		Vast as the scale of the malaria parasite genome project may be -- nearly 30 million letters of DNA code -- this information pales in comparison with the data produced by other projects made possible now that the genome sequence is available.
		Proteomics approaches permit analysis of all proteins made by the parasite as it follows its complicated path from mosquito to human and from the liver to the blood.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2002-10/uop-dlr100202.php (604 words)

	SPECTRUM OF MALARIA IN HAJJ PILGRIMS IN THE YEAR 2000
		The peripheral blood smears for malarial parasites were examined from one hundred and thirty patients suspected to be suffering from malaria.
		The age, sex, place of referral and species of malarial parasites are shown in Table 1, 2 and 3.
		Moreover, it causes upregulation of receptors in the brain capillaries for malarial parasites.
	www.ayubmed.edu.pk /JAMC/PAST/14-4/Salam.htm (1462 words)

	ScienceDaily: 'Signal' Identified That Enables Malarial Parasites To Target Blood Cells (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Plasmodium faciparum is the most virulent form of the four human malarial parasite species, killing over 1 million children each year, and is responsible for 25 percent of infant mortality in Africa, according to the World Health Organization.
		Results revealed the power of functional informatics to lead scientists from the tip of the iceberg (five to 10 parasite proteins exported to the erythrocyte) to the global complexity of infection (where the parasite is exporting dozens of proteins).
		Parasite -- A parasite is an organism that spends a significant portion of its life in or on the living tissue of a host organism and which causes harm to the host without immediately killing it.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2004/12/041220030213.htm (1798 words)

	Potent and Selective Activity of a Combination of Thymidine and 1843U89, a Folate-Based Thymidylate Synthase Inhibitor, ...
		Unlike mammalian cells, malarial parasites are completely dependent on the de novo pyrimidine pathway and lack the enzymes
		biochemistry of the parasite, the potent inhibition of parasite
		Recombinant malarial parasite DHFR-TS was purified to homogeneity as described previously (14, 32a).
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/44/4/1047 (2185 words)

	article17.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		This pigment is inert in parasite and released into the host blood supply after infected erythrocytes burst open at the end of parasite life cycle.
		One of the earliest observed morphological effects of chloroquine treatment on malarial parasite, is pigment clumping and digestive vacuole enlargement24.
		Recent reports on chloroquine accumulation in malaria parasite suggest that drug-resistant strains of malarial parasite accumulate less chloroquine56,57 compared to the chloroquine susceptible strains of the parasite.
	www.iisc.ernet.in /~currsci/nov10/articles17.htm (4372 words)

	MAEBL Is Essential for Malarial Sporozoite Infection of the Mosquito Salivary Gland -- Kariu et al. 195 (10): 1317 -- ...
		MAEBL Is Essential for Malarial Sporozoite Infection of the Mosquito Salivary Gland -- Kariu et al.
		biology of the malarial parasite in the mosquito vector is required.
		Parasites were fixed with acetone for 2 min, incubated with polyclonal rabbit antibodies against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the amino acid sequence of the repeat region of PbMAEBL, and then conjugated with FITC with second antibodies.
	www.jem.org /cgi/content/full/195/10/1317 (4004 words)

	Malaria microscopic examination
		The simple diagnostic method for detection of malarial parasites used is a Microscopic examination of blood smears under the microscope.
		Thick blood smear examination is done first as the concentration of parasite is more and on detection of the parasite, a thin film is made and examined under a microscope.
		Microscopic examination for malarial parasite has remained gold standard laboratory technique, but in some non-endemic countries, due to unfamiliarity with the malaria they may miss the parasite.
	www.medindia.net /patients/waterborne/malaria_microscopic.htm (232 words)

	Plasmodium falciparum Genome Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The most deadly of the four Plasmodium species that cause human malaria is the protozoan parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
		This will ensure that annotation is updated and maintained, and will form a framework that underpins global efforts to understand the parasite and the disease it causes.
		A project to shotgun sequence the genome of the IT parasite line is underway as a component of the
	www.sanger.ac.uk /Projects/P_falciparum (723 words)

	Artemisinin(Artemisinin) - Wuhan Yuancheng Technology Development Co., Ltd
		Wuhan Yuancheng Technology Development Co., LtdHome : Products Product Description: Artemisinin(Artemisinin), Function and use: The Pharmacology research explained this has to the malarial parasite red in time kills directly extinguishes the function, to organization time invalid, is very low to the experimental animal toxicity, in organism inner absorption block, distributes broadly, drains quickly.
		The electricity mirror observation this to the mouse malarial parasite function spot mainly is obviously the membrane is the structure, its action mechanism thought has disturbed a malarial parasite cuticle grain of body function.
		is obviously the membrane is the structure, its action mechanism thought has disturbed a malarial parasite cuticle grain of body function.
	www.allproducts.com /manufacture97/extracts5/product2.html (200 words)

	Malaria and the Red Cell -- Weatherall et al. 2002 (1): 35 -- Hematology
		The clinical outcome of a malarial infection in an Africa child depends on many parasite, host, geographic and social factors.
		parasites converts to gametocytes that are critical for the
		Parasite multiplication potential and the severity of falciparum malaria.
	www.asheducationbook.org /cgi/content/full/2002/1/35 (9434 words)

	Purification and Characterization of a Hemoglobin Degrading Aspartic Protease from the Malarial Parasite Plasmodium ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Purification and Characterization of a Hemoglobin Degrading Aspartic Protease from the Malarial Parasite Plasmodium vivax -- Sharma et al.
		Purification and Characterization of a Hemoglobin Degrading Aspartic Protease from the Malarial Parasite Plasmodium vivax
		Aspartic proteases of human malarial parasites are thought to
	jb.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/138/1/71 (269 words)

	Database lets researchers worldwide access genome of malarial parasite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Email the release "Database lets researchers worldwide access genome of malarial parasite."
		Your e-mail address, and that of your recipient(s), will be used only to let the recipient(s) know who sent the link and in the case of transmission errors.
		The information will not be used for any other purpose.
	www.eurekalert.org /emailrelease.php?file=uop-dlr100202.php (59 words)

	MACCALLUM, William George - On the Flagellated Form of the Malarial Parasite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		MACCALLUM, William George - On the Flagellated Form of the Malarial Parasite
		On the Flagellated Form of the Malarial Parasite.
		Macallum reported at a meeting of the British Association his observation of the mode of fertilization of the malarial parasite of birds; two months later he announced that he had found the same to hold good for the human parasite.
	www.rarebook.com /bostbookjp/27245355.htm (223 words)

	Malaria Plasmodium
		The malarial parasite Plasmodium was first discovered in blood by a French scientist Laveran in 1880.
		When a person is bitten by an infected female Anopheles mosquito, sporozoites of malarial parasites are injected into the blood stream
		Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider regarding any questions you may have about a medical condition.
	www.medindia.net /patients/waterborne/malaria_plasmodium.htm (221 words)

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