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Topic: Malay Ruler

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	MALAY STATES (SIAMESE) - LoveToKnow Article on MALAY STATES (SIAMESE) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The states of the southern group, however, retain their hereditary rulers, each of whom presides over a council and governs with the aid of a Siamese assistant commissioner and with a staff of Siamese district officials, subject to the general control of high commissioners under whom the states are grouped.
		The revenue amounts to about 600,000 ticals, or 45,000 a year, one-third being payable to the rulers as private income for themselves and their relatives, one-third expended on the administration, and one-third reserved for special purposes, but it is usually found necessary to devote the last-mentioned third to the expenses of administration.
		The present rulers are mostly descended from the ruling families of the neighboring state of Kelantan, but the chief of Patani itself is a member of the family which ruled there in the days of its greatness.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /M/MA/MALAY_STATES_SIAMESE_.htm (982 words)

	Shaman, Saiva and Sufi: III. The Malay Magician (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Kelantan Malays prescribe a method of acquiring a shaman's powers that shows an accretion of Muslim belief on a primitive idea, akin to the Proto-Malay superstition that round a grave a ditch must be dug wherein the soul of the deceased may paddle his canoe.
		Malay romances, paraphrased from Indian originals, are full of stories of heroes who acquire magic, especially for warfare, by retiring into a hermit's seclusion on a mountain-top.
		The regalia of a Malay ruler were miraculous talismans that controlled the luck of the State.
	www.shamana.co.uk /shaman/sss05.htm (1876 words)

	Shaman, Saiva and Sufi: II. Gods, Spirits and Ghosts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In the Malay pantheon there is a mysterious fl Awang, addressed by actors as king of the earth, who "walks along the veins of the earth and sleeps at its gate." Apparently, therefore, he is identified with Siva, and this identification, if correct, suggests a high place for this forgotten figure of some early cult.
		A Malay prays at the grave of an ancestor to beget a child, unaware that probably his worship is based on the idea of the dead welcoming reincarnation.
		One Malay charm speaks of "Jin the son of Jan of the line of the Pharaohs," a pedigree founded on the Arab notion that the last king of the pre-Adamite jinn was Jan the son of Jan, and that he built the Pyramids.
	www.shamana.co.uk /shaman/sss04.htm (7211 words)

	Munshi Abdullah's Malay Dilemma
		I considered the matter carefully in my mind and came to the conclusion that there were several reasons for this state of affairs, but that the main one was the inhumanity and the repressive tyranny of the Malay rulers, especially towards their own subjects.
		Whenever a common man meets his ruler he is obliged to squat on the ground in the mud and filth.
		As it is, under Malay rule ordinary folk cannot lift up their heads and enjoy themselves, and dare not show any originality for it is forbidden by the ruler.
	www.sabrizain.org /malaya/malays3.htm (2990 words)

	Shaman, Saiva and Sufi: IX. Magic and Man
		At the Perak court the ceremony is concluded with a feast and prayers in honour of the Prophet and of the parents and ancestors of the ruler.
		In the north of the Malay Peninsula suspension of the dead between trees is practised by the Buddhist Malayo-Siamese, both as a permanent form of burial and as a preliminary to cremation, and the northern Sakai dispose of the bodies of their magicians in the same way.
		In one Malay folk-tale, where a king has died childless and his successor is chosen by a sagacious elephant (as in many Indian stories), the prince selected is bidden to sit beside the corpse of the deceased, while guns are fired and the drums and trumpets of the royal band are sounded seven times.
	www.sacred-texts.com /sha/sss/sss11.htm (8697 words)

	Shaman, Saiva and Sufi
		Sometimes the Malay appears to be indebted to India for a charm and to have forgotten or purposely omitted the accompanying ritual.
		The history of Pasai tells of a Malay princess born from a bamboo whose life was bound up with one golden hair that glittered among her raven tresses: when her consort pulled it out, white blood gushed forth and she died.
		Often the rites controlling the growth of rice are conducted by an old Malay woman, relic of the far distant past when man hunted and killed, and woman, the bearer of young, delved, lending the benign influence of her motherhood to make crops prolific.
	www.geocities.com /dreamerguy_za/saiva.html (18793 words)

	The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum - Travel
		Malaysia comprises Malay peninsula and the states of Sabah and Sarawak on the Island of Kalimantan (Borneo).
		Malay connotes ethnicity, and describes people of a particular race, Malaysian denotes nationality regardless of racial origin, while Malaya is the old geographical name of the peninsular that formerly constituted the Federation of Malaya.
		Nine Malay states have hereditary rulers or sultans, while the others have governors appointed by the king.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2001/20010610/spectrum/travel.htm (998 words)

	The Rationale of Maintaining The Special Rights of The Malays In Malaysia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In the history of the Malay peninsular, there is no doubt that it was the Malays who has formed the first effective civilisations and governments, ranging from the Hindu-Buddhist Langkasuka and Srivijaya empires to the Islamic Malacca Sultanate.
		Hence, the current Sino domination of Singapore politics today and the current alienation of her Malay natives is due to this unfortunate turn of events.
		The formality of seeking the Ruler's consent is again evident in 1946, during the proposed Malayan Union by the British.
	www.sinark.com /download/s_rights.htm (1099 words)

	Battuta's Trip Nine
		This is a portrait of a Mongolian ruler.
		Malay rulers encouraged Muslim traders to settle in their ports and bring the advantages of a strong trading economy.
		A Malay prince, ruler of Samudra on the coast of Sumatra, had converted to Islam in the late 13th century.
	www.sfusd.k12.ca.us /schwww/sch618/Ibn_Battuta/Battuta's_Trip_Nine.html (1677 words)

	BBC News \| Malaysia crisis \| Taking stock of the Anwar trial
		Legend has it that the first Malay ruler in history came to an agreement with his people that they would remain totally loyal - provided he never shamed them in public, no matter what the offence.
		Anyone who has been covering the trial for some time is now quite detached about discussing the male and female bodily fluids on the mattress, itself a key exhibit in the first half of the trial.
		Even members of the prime minister's own party, the United Malay National Organisation, admit they have lost some support, and the Islamic PAS party say they have seen a marked increase in new membership since the sacking of Anwar Ibrahim.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/special_report/1998/10/98/malaysia_crisis/276833.stm (639 words)

	Singapore History
		A Chinese account of the third century refers to Singapore as Pu-luo-chung, translating the Malay words Pulau Ujong that refers to it as the 'island at the end' of the peninsula.
		After the Portuguese seizure of Malacca in 1511, the Malay admiral fled to Singapura and established a new capital at Johor Lama, keeping a port officer in Singapura.
		In 1819, Singapore was established as a trading station by Sir Stamford Raffles under an agreement between the British East India Company and the Sultan of Johor and the Malay ruler of the island.
	www.asianinfo.org /asianinfo/singapore/pro-history.htm (699 words)

	We shouldn't pamper the Malays too much (Interview with Khalid Mohd) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		It was handed to the Chinese because the Malay ruler was guaranteed a sum of payment - a sum higher than that collected by the Malay ruler himself.
		The reason why the ruler received little tax was that in the course of collecting taxes, the officials took bribes.
		The Malays' perception of democracy is different from that of the people in developed countries, where the people want to see a government that is able to keep its promises to develop the country, strengthen the country and see to its progress.
	www.hvk.org /articles/0603/218.html (2354 words)

	Asia - Travel Guide - Asian Tours and Extraordinary Travel Experiences - Passion Asia
		A Malay Ruler gauged his power by the subjects under his control rather than the land that he owned.
		The Malay way of life continued as before, and the pattern of trade and economy were modified without being altered.
		Terengganu and Johor, the rulers of whom could claim direct descent from the Melaka royal family, were independent but were facing the ever-growing threat of the Siamese.
	www.passionasia.com /guidebook.cfm/guide_typ/0/cnty/14/oview/6.htm (964 words)

	Attractions to visit in Singapore
		The Malays believe that this hill is haunted by the ghosts.
		But this is where the grave of a Malay ruler credited for discovering this island is situated, the grave of Sultan Iskandar Shah.
		Folk lore has it that he was resting on this hill when he saw a lion and perhaps told the “singa” (lion in Malay) to “podah” (go away in Tamil).
	wv.essortment.com /singaporeattrac_rsjs.htm (715 words)

	About Melaka (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Melaka was founded by Parameswara (or Raja Iskandar) the last Malay ruler of Temasik (ancient Singapore) in 1396 when he and his followers retreated up the straits to Muar, then to Sungai Ujung before settling at Bertam near the estuary of Melaka River.
		Its inauguration marked the beginning of the emergence of a new Malay empire.
		The birthplace of the Malay Sultanates and Malaysia's historic city, Melaka provided the stage on which the Portuguese, Dutch and English played out their roles in shaping the history.
	www.melaka.gov.my /eng/aboutmelaka.asp (486 words)

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