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Topic: Malayan Communist Party

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	Malayan Communist Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Communist Party of Malaya (CnoPM), also known as the Malayan Communist Party (MCP) until the 1960s was founded in Singapore in 1930 with a predominantly Chinese membership, carrying out armed resistance to the Japanese during World War II.
		It was often heavily criticised for their attacks on the civilian population during the Malayan Emergency, and they were criticised by right-wing parties in Southeast Asia because they had sympathies to the communist ideology.
		The party was officially disbanded and gave up arms following its peace treaty with the governments of Malaysia and Thailand, signed on December 2nd 1989 at the Thai town of Haadyai.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Malayan_Communist_Party (334 words)

	Briggs Plan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Briggs' Plan was a major resettlement plan tailored by the British during the Malayan Emergency to stifle food and medical supplies to communists in the Malaya during the mid-1950s.
		Back then, Chinese immigrants in Malaya were the main sympatizers of the Malayan Communist Party.
		Removing a population which might be sympathetic to guerrillas was a counter insurgency technique which the British had used before, notably against the Boer Commandos in the Second Boer War (1899-1902).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Briggs'_Plan (302 words)

	Malayan Emergency
		The Malayan Emergency was declared on 18 June 1948 after three estate managers were murdered in Perak, northern Malaya, by guerrillas of the Malayan Communist Party (MCP), an outgrowth of the anti-Japanese guerrilla movement which had emerged during the Second World War.
		The Malayan government was slow to react to the MCP at first and did not appoint a director of operations to counter the insurgency until March 1950.
		Prolonged operations were undertaken against the communists in an effort to destroy their base of support in local communities and to drive them into the jungle, where it would be difficult for them to receive supplies from supporters.
	www.awm.gov.au /atwar/emergency.htm (980 words)

	Malayan Liberation Army
		After the Second World War, the Malayan Communist Party (MCP) fought successively the British colonial government and the Malayan government.
		Support for the MCP came mainly from the ethnic Chinese in Malaya.
		The Malayan Liberation Army was the armed wing of the party.
	www.iisg.nl /collections/malayan.php (426 words)

	The Enemy in Malaya
		At this meeting it was agreed that the MCP would supply men to be trained and armed by the British for the purpose of operating behind the Japanese lines in Malaya under British direction.
		In hindsight,it may well be that this inactivity was part of an overall plan for we now know that at this time the head of the MCP was one Loi Tek who,after working for the French in Vietnam was passed on by them to the British in Singapore who ran him as their agent.
		This jungle force was to be named the Malayan Peoples Anti-British Army (MPABA) and the organisation of it must have been done well in advance of the Politburo meeting because the opening shots were fired less than a month later with the assasination of three British rubber planters in Perak.
	members.tripod.com /askari_mb/id83.htm (276 words)

	Part II, p732 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Political parties had formed to represent the three salient communal groups, and prospects for the emergence of parties that were broadly aggregative of communal interests seemed dim.
		Not competing in any of the elections was the illegal Malayan Communist Party, still a major disruptive force in Malayan politics-although losing the guerrilla war and allowing the state of emergency to be ended in 1960.
		The collection of independent Communist bands in the 1970s is sufficiently different from the revolutionary party that battled the Indonesian forces in the 1950s to regard the "old" Communist Party as having terminated.
	www.janda.org /ICPP/ICPP1980/Book/PART2/5-AsiaFarEast/58-Malaya/Malaya.htm (1419 words)

	Malayan Emergency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Malayan emergency was an insurrection and guerilla war of Malay Races Liberation Army in Malaysia in 1948-1960.
		The MCP disagreed with the British idea of a Malayan Federation because there seemed to be no direct way to communism.
		Despite the term “emergency” it was a full-scale guerilla war between MRLA and British and Malayan authorities.
	www.aseannewsnetwork.de /articles/content/m/ma/malayan_emergency.html (927 words)

	Far East - Malayan Communist Party
		They went into the jungle with guides and had to contact their communist leaders themselves and were left on their own but with access to the caches set up by the Europeans earlier.
		He travelled in the jungle and met all the M.C.P. regiments except one and he was at the meeting with the Communist leaders, Chin Peng and his Plenipotentiary to make the agreement between the Allied High Command and the communists.
		He stayed in the communist camps and was on very friendly terms with them although he was frustrated by the lack of facilities to harass the Japanese.
	www.myfareast.org /SingaporeMemorials/mcp.html (511 words)

	Malayan emergency (1948-60)
		It was an intense 12-year jungle war fought by the British, British Commonwealth and Malay forces against the army of the Malayan Communist Party led by Communist fanatic Chin Peng.
		The Malayan Communist Party (originally were termed as CTs or Chinese Terrorists but were later officially known as Communist Terrorists) then conducted a continuous terror campaign - murdering, butchering, maiming and torturing British and native men, women and children.
		This, and the prospect of national independence, was preferable to the terror and death inflicted by the Communists.
	ca.essortment.com /malayanemergenc_rwnt.htm (661 words)

	Bibliography on Party Politics in MALAYA, 1950-1962 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		With the exception of the Malayan Communist Party, none of the Malayan parties can trace their origins any further into the past than 1946, and the first national elections in Malaya were not held until 1955, while the first post-independence elections occurred in 1959.
		Malaya's "plural society" constitutes the significant factor in Malayan politics, and this is reflected in the heavy usage of the 610, 640, and 630 codes, which deal with "Issues of consensus or cleavage," "political attitudes," and "political participation" respectively.
		Each of these parties retains its own separate identity while participating in the policy&endash;making structure of the Alliance Party, which is superimposed upon the organizational structure of the three partners in the Alliance.
	www.janda.org /icpp/ICPP1980/Book/PART3/58-MalayaBib.htm (904 words)

	Psychological Warfare of the Malayan Emergency
		The MCP capitalized on the grievances and the discontent of the population.
		While the military arm of the MCP was conducting terrorist activities designed to dislocate the political and economic foundation of British rule, the Min Yuen was responsible for recruiting and acquiring supplies for the execution of a guerilla war.
		In October 1951 the MCP realized its tactical blunders in the use of terror, intimidation and murder and issued a Directive which said that instead of fighting and destroying the British, the primary objective and duty of all MCP members was to expand and consolidate the organization of the masses.
	www.psywar.org /malaya.php (16294 words)

	Malaya; Communist Terrorists (CTs) in Malaya
		When the Malayan People's Anti-Japanese Army re-formed itself after WW2 to become the Malayan Races Liberation Army (MRLA), the guerrillas were unusually well-uniformed and equipped with gear supplied by the British during the war and souvenired from the retreating Japanese.
		The communist-led Malayan Races Liberation Army (MRLA) came into being in 1948 as the military arm of the Malayan Communist Party's (MCP) attempt to oust the British from Malaya and gain control of the peninsula.
		Following a campaign of civil unrest by the MCP in the urban centres, the struggle was extended into the military sphere in July 1948.
	www.diggerhistory.info /pages-enemy/malaya.htm (663 words)

	phorum - Hakka Chinese Forum at Asiawind - Hakkas vs Hainanese in the MCP
		There were also some MCP members who urged their leaders to stop organizing strikes because too many of their leaders were being arrested and deported to China.
		This incident was reported in the Malayan newspapers which also carried the comments about inter-factional fightings in MCP high hierarchy among the Hakkas and the Hainanese.
		The two agents were to represent the Comintern and to become the military advisers to the Chinese Communist party and the Malayan Communist Party.
	www.asiawind.com /forums/read.php?f=1&i=950&t=950 (1273 words)

	MCP
		The Communist Party suffered from being regarded with relative indifference by the general population, due to the relative prosperity of the current regime.
		The MCP, as it was known, stated that its intention was to work for a Soviet Republic of Malaya, and at the same time sponsor Communism in both Thailand and the Dutch East Indies.
		Communists everywhere were ordered to ease subversive activities against the Western democracies and turn their attention and resources solely against the Axis powers.
	www.geocities.com /pentagon/7745/over/mcp.html (6915 words)

	Asian nationalisms, social revolutions
		It is led by the Communist Party of China.
		Communist Party of India (Marxist) split from the Communist Party of India at its Seventh Congress.
		The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) is led by Pushpa Kamal Dahal, a former teacher.
	www2.hawaii.edu /~pollard/movements.html (3388 words)

	The Malayan People’s Anti-Japanese Army
		When the MCP was virtually a legal political party between the end of World War II and the declaration of Emergency in 1948, various documents and memoirs dealing with the struggle of the MPAJA were published.
		He came to Malaya at the end of 1934, became a central committee member of the MCP in 1936, its deputy secretary in 1936 and finally, its secretary general in 1939.
		When the MCP finally decided not to wage an anti-British war, Lai Tek considered them to be obstacles to the implementation of this peaceful line.
	phuakl.tripod.com /eTHOUGHT/MPAJA.html (2198 words)

	New Zealand and the Malayan Emergency
		The Malayan Emergency was a twelve-year conflict in the Malayan peninsula which arose from an attempt by the Malayan Communist Party (MCP) to overthrow the British colonial administration of Malaya.
		Declared on 18 June 1948, the Emergency was the immediate response to the murder of three British planters in northern Malaya but had its roots deep in the post-war economic and political dislocation of Malaya and a sense of alienation among the Chinese community in particular.
		The Reserve's primary role was to deter communist aggression against South-east Asia, and to provide a capacity for the immediate implementation of defence plans in the event that deterrence failed.
	www.diggerhistory.info /pages-nz/nz-malaya.htm (1325 words)

	Malaysia: history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		From 1948 until 1960, the Communist Party waged guerrilla warfare in the northern Malayan Peninsula and in Borneo.
		He was defeated in the 1952 municipal elections by an alliance of UMNO and the Malayan Chinese Association.
		Communist guerrilla warfare gradually died out, and the National Front won over two-thirds of the parliamentary seats in elections during the 1970s and 1980s.
	gbgm-umc.org /country_profiles/country_history.cfm?Id=79 (2390 words)

	Op.Knot 1
		This situation came to an end when agreement was reached with the Thai government, to allow Malayan Police units to cross the border in hot pursuit, or to carry out specific operations upto a depth of forty miles into Thailand.
		This of course was the signal for the Communists to put into action their well-rehearsed escape drill.
		The operation also signalled to the Malayan Communist Party that the days of their safe haven in South Thailand were at an end, and they would no longer be in a position to thumb their noses at us as they disappeared over the border into Thailand.
	www.members.tripod.com /Askari_MB/id55.htm (2119 words)

	Civil-military operations: joint doctrine and the Malayan Emergency Joint Force Quarterly - FindArticles
		The British experience during the Malayan Emergency from 1948 to 1960 was a case in which doctrine was wanting; yet the deficiency was offset by innovation and common sense.
		The first three were critical in sup pressing the Malayan Communist Party, and their application enabled the other three objectives, and was built on strong civil-military relationships.
		"Although the British possessed a superior 'map knowledge' of the Malayan terrain," observed one report, "they initially lacked an understanding of the manner in which communist activities were adapted to the language, customs, and thought patterns of the population." (1) The army filled the void until a police infrastructure could effectively counter the insurgent movement.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0KNN/is_32/ai_105853016 (446 words)

	phorum - Hakka Chinese Forum at Asiawind - My Side of History - Chen Ping
		He was fluent in English and he became the head of the MCP liason officer with the Force 136, the British Anti-Japanese Force in Malaya during the Japanese occupation.
		They invented all kind of names to call the MPABA, 'bandits' 'communist terrorits' etc. The British knew most of the members of the MCP were Chinese not necessarily only Hakkas.
		Chen Ping held the position of the Secretary-General of the Malayan Communist Party until 1989 when members of the MCP voluntarily dissolved their own party.
	www.asiawind.com /forums/read.php?f=1&i=5148&t=5148 (797 words)

	Is the Malayan Emergency similar to the Iraqi War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Malayan Emergency was an armed insurrection conducted by the MCP - which was a legally recognized political party by the British at that time - against the British and Malayan administration from 1948-1960.
		Most of the Chinese were staunchly against the communists and sided with the majority ruling Malays.
		The Malayan Emergency was certainly NOT a war catalysed by conflicts between a ruling ethnic majority group (Malays) and an oppressed ethnic minority group (the Chinese).
	www.messychristian.com /emergency.htm (1292 words)

	New Page 1
		Among the results of the congress were to oppose the establishment of Malayan Union, hold demonstrations at major towns and establish the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) to protect Malay interest.
		Non-Malays formed the Malayan Democratic Union (MDU) because the establishment of Malayan Union in undemocratic and Singapore is not included.
		Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) had influence over Sukarno and felt that forming Malaysia was a threat to communism in the region.
	www.geocities.com /compulsorysubject/history.html (4351 words)

	Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series/ Singapore / Glossary
		Often referred to as the British Commonwealth, the Commonwealth is formally an association of forty-nine sovereign, independent states that acknowledge the British monarch as symbolic head of the association.
		Founded in Moscow in 1919 to coordinate the world communist movement, the Comintern was officially disbanded in 1943.
		In the late 1980s, an estimated 500 guerrillas and the party leadership maintained themselves in the jungles of the Malaysian-Thai frontier.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /frd/cs/singapore/sg_glos.html (1171 words)

	Malaysia, Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The masked comrades: a study of the communist united front in Malaya, 1945-48.
		The importance of the Orang Asli in the Malayan Emergency, 1948-1960.
		The Malayan emergency: Symposium on the Role of Airpower in Counterinsurgency and Unconventional Warfare.
	users.skynet.be /terrorism/html/malaysia.htm (1324 words)

	An Interview with Tan Sri Hashim bin Mohd
		As the General Officer Commanding of the Division, he worked closely with the 4th Royal Thai Army along the Malaysia/Thai border with the task of eliminating the elements of the Malayan Communist Party that operated along the border region.
		In this respect he was also the Co-Chairman of the Regional Border Committee Malaysia/Thailand and contributed towards the complete elimination of the Malayan Communist Party both along the Border regions and in Peninsular Malaysia.
		General (R) Tan Sri Hashim was one of the three signatories of the Surrender Agreement between the Government of Malaysia and the Malayan Communist Party whereby the Malayan Communist Party agreed to lay down their arms and disband the Party.
	viweb.freehosting.net /viint_hashim.htm (2998 words)

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