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Topic: Malignant hypertension

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Hypertensive urgency

Arterial hypertension

Hypertension

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	Hypertension - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hypertension or high blood pressure is a medical condition where the blood pressure in the arteries is chronically elevated.
		Persistent hypertension is one of the risk factors for strokes, heart attacks, heart failure and arterial aneurysm, and is a leading cause of chronic renal failure.
		Malignant hypertension (or accelerated hypertension) is distinct as a late phase in the condition, and may present with headaches, blurred vision and end-organ damage.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hypertension (1800 words)

	- Northwestern Memorial Hospital - Chicago
		Malignant hypertension is usually defined as very high blood pressure with swelling of the optic nerve behind the eye, called papilledema (grade IV Keith-Wagner hypertensive retinopathy).
		Malignant hypertension is usually accompanied by other organ damage like heart failure, kidney failure, and hypertensive encephalopathy.
		You are at high risk for malignant hypertension if you have had kidney (renal) failure or renal hypertension caused by renal artery stenosis.
	www.heart.nmh.org /nmh/adam/adamencyclopedia/HIEArticles/000491.htm (571 words)

	High Blood Pressure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Labile hypertension is blood pressure that fluctuates abruptly and repeatedly, often causing symptoms such as headache or ringing in the ears.
		Unlike other kinds of high blood pressure, malignant hypertension is usually accompanied by dramatic symptoms such as severe headache, shortness of breath, chest pain, nausea and vomiting, blurred vision, or even blindness, seizures and loss of consciousness.
		Chronic hypertension in pregnancy is high blood pressure caused by a condition unrelated to pregnancy (such as essential hypertension or secondary hypertension) that begins or continues during pregnancy.
	womenshealth.aetna.com /WH/ihtWH/r.WSIHW000/st.36134/t.36208.html (1192 words)

	HYPERTENSION
		Hypertension associated with renovascular diseases has been estimated to be the cause in 1 to 2 percent of hypertensive patients.
		Hypertension might also stem from the resetting of baroreceptors in the aortic arch and carotid sinuses due to the prolonged high blood pressure, offsetting parasympathetic effects that dampen the provoking sympathetic stimuli to reduce blood pressure.
		It is tricky to distinguish the situation from chronic hypertension as immediate pre-pregnancy records of hypertension are usually unavailable, and in both cases, a dip in blood pressure occurs during the middle trimester.
	danilhammoudimd_1.tripod.com /cardio1/id44.htm (6429 words)

	MALIGNANT HYPERTENSION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A severe form of acute hypertension that results in the abrupt rise in the blood pressure (diastolic pressure often over 120 mmHg).
		If left untreated, malignant hypertension can cause damage to the blood vessels in the eye, kidneys, brain, and heart.
		Malignant hypertension occurs more commonly in males, African Americans, and those with a history for hypertension.
	www.medhelp.org /glossary/new/gls_2767.htm (98 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 16, Ch. 199, Arterial Hypertension
		Primary (essential) hypertension is of unknown etiology; its diverse hemodynamic and pathophysiologic derangements are unlikely to result from a single cause.
		Secondary hypertension is associated with renal parenchymal disease (eg, chronic glomerulonephritis or pyelonephritis, polycystic renal disease, collagen disease of the kidney, obstructive uropathy) or pheochromocytoma, Cushing's syndrome, primary aldosteronism, hyperthyroidism, myxedema, coarctation of the aorta, or renovascular disease (see Renovascular Hypertension, below).
		Hypertensive crises may be classified as true emergencies requiring immediate reduction of BP (eg, hypertensive encephalopathy, acute left ventricular failure with pulmonary edema, eclampsia, acute aortic dissection, severe hypertension accompanying unstable angina or acute MI), usually with parenteral drugs (see Table 199-10), or hypertensive urgencies in which the physician is more concerned than the patient.
	www.merck.com /pubs/mmanual/section16/chapter199/199a.htm (5531 words)

	Postgraduate Medicine: Hypertension Symposium: Hypertensive crisis
		Hypertensive crisis is defined as a critical elevation in blood pressure in which diastolic pressure exceeds 120 mm Hg.
		Although the relative incidence of hypertensive crisis is low, hypertension is a pervasive disorder and thus affects a significant number of individuals.
		Hypertensive encephalopathy is a diagnosis of exclusion, which requires that the presence of other lesions (ie, stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, mass lesions) be ruled out (7).
	www.postgradmed.com /issues/1999/05_01_99/bales.htm (2992 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Hyponatremic hypertensive syndrome (HHS) in an 18-month old-child presenting as malignant ...
		Malignant hypertension as a presentation has been reported in adults with HHS but is rare in children.
		As uncommon as HHS with malignant hypertension may be in adults it is under-reported in children and purpose of the case report is to raise its awareness.
		Malignant hypertension (HTN) as a presentation has been reported in adults with HHS but is rare in children beyond infancy with few reports [6-8].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2369/5/5 (1978 words)

	Hypertension, pathophysiology, treatment, anaesthesia and management of malignant hypertension
		Isolated systolic hypertension: SBP > 140 mmHg, DBP <90 mmHg.
		Malignant Hypertension is defined as: A syndrome characterised by hypertension accompanied by an encephalopathy or nephropathy
		Hypertension causes thickening of arterial walls, an increased wall thickness to lumen size ratio and relative hypovolaemia..
	www.4um.com /tutorial/anaesth/highbp.htm (2183 words)

	lifeclinic.com - Related Articles
		The most common type of secondary hypertension is renovascular hypertension, in which a narrowing of the artery to one or both kidneys occurs.
		It is thought that hypertension is the end result of a number of different factors which make the blood pressure go up, and it is probable that different mechanisms are important in different individuals.
		Borderline hypertension: This is a blood pressure level which is in the 'gray zone' between normal and high (for example, someone with an average pressure of about 140/90 mmHg).
	www.lifeclinic.com /focus/blood/articleView.asp?MessageID=44 (663 words)

	ENLmedical.com: Conditions And Concerns: Medical Encyclopedia: Malignant hypertension (arteriolar nephrosclerosis)
		Malignant hypertension is a medical emergency condition where there is a sudden and severe rise in the blood pressure.
		A history of acute renal failure or renal hypertension caused by renal artery stenosis indicates a high risk for malignant hypertension.
		Careful monitoring of blood pressure in people known to be hypertensive and close compliance with the medical treatment for hypertension help to reduce the risk.
	www.enlmedical.com /article/000491.htm (503 words)

	Hypertension
		The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of hypertension was 28% in the North American countries and 44% in the European countries at the 140/90 mm Hg threshold.
		The history of accelerated (malignant) hypertension is reviewed, and unsolved problems related to the disease are illustrated, including its relationship to malignant nephrosclerosis, as well as terminology, current frequency and treatment.
		Compared with the baseline hypertension prevalence of 38%, the prevalence at 6 months was 26% in the advice only group, 17% in the established group (P =.01 compared with the advice only group), and 12% in the established plus DASH group (P<.001 compared with the advice only group; P =.12 compared with the established group).
	www.thedoctorsdoctor.com /diseases/hypertension.htm (3925 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL--SECOND HOME EDITION, Ch. 22, High Blood Pressure
		Malignant hypertension, a particularly severe form of high blood pressure, is a hypertensive emergency.
		In 1 to 2%, secondary hypertension is caused by another disorder, such as a hormonal disorder, or by the use of certain drugs, such as birth control pills (oral contraceptives).
		An example is "white coat hypertension," in which the stress of visiting a doctor's office causes blood pressure to increase enough to be diagnosed as high blood pressure in someone who has normal blood pressure at other times.
	www.merck.com /mrkshared/mmanual_home2/sec03/ch022/ch022a.jsp (4758 words)

	Coccygeal fracture, constipation, convulsion, and confusion: a case report of malignant hypertension in a child (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Malignant hypertension is an unusual but well described cause of seizures in pediatrics.
		In contrast to adults, hypertension in children is usually secondary to an underlying disease process.
		We present a complex case of hypertensive encephalopathy with seizures as the initial presentation of a pelvic mass, describe the initial work-up and stabilization and present an overview of the literature.
	www.coccyx.org /medabs/zgur.htm (145 words)

	HDCN: Review of abstract by Herlitz et al. Functional autoantibodies against angiotensin II receptor subtype 1 ... *(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)*
		In this study Herlitz et al report on the antibody specificity and functional characteristics of autoantibodies to angiotensin II subtype 1 receptors harvested from the plasma of patients with malignant hypertension (present in 40% of their cases).
		The authors concluded that anti-AT1 autoantibodies found in patients with malignant hypertension were monospecific to AT1 receptors are agonistic and their chronotropic effect is non-desensitizing.
		This is an exciting preliminary report in that the possibility that malignant hypertension could be at least in part an autoimmune syndrome in these cases.
	www.hdcn.com /a6/6asn1563.htm (400 words)

	malignant hypertension - General Practice Notebook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This is a distinctive form of hypertension characterised by vascular fibrinoid necrosis and loss of precapillary arteriolar autoregulation.
		It is a medical emergency as blood pressure may rise acutely - to a diastolic level greater than 130 mm Hg.
		Malignant hypertension may complicate the course of both essential and secondary hypertension.
	www.gpnotebook.co.uk /cache/1288699914.htm (129 words)

	eMedicine - Hypertension, Malignant : Article by John D Bisognano, MD, PhD, FACP, FACC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Malignant hypertension and accelerated hypertension are both hypertensive emergencies, with similar outcomes and therapies.
		The cardiac presentation of malignant hypertension is angina and/or myocardial infarction or congestive heart failure.
		Hypertensive encephalopathy is a symptom complex of severe hypertension, headache, vomiting, visual disturbance, mental status changes, seizure, and retinopathy with papilledema.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic1107.htm (3927 words)

	Treatment of Hypertension (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		He has long maintained that essential hypertension in most patients is caused by excess renin and can be permanently controlled and useful life extended with one drug by determining whether the problem is primarily sodium (volume) related or due to increased renin actions.
		Thus, we showed that malignant hypertension and its diffuse vasculitis were not caused by their high aldosterone since this fatal condition progressed in the absence of the adrenals when there was no aldosterone.
		This is in sharp contrast to the latest official guidelines recommending that all hypertensive patients should be started first and continued forever on a thiazide diuretic even if this is not effective and that most hypertensives will require taking 2-4 drugs for the rest of their lives.
	www.stress.org /Hypertension.htm (10823 words)

	s010611a - Malignant hypertension and MAHA (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia)
		Re: 59 y/o AAM presenting with malignant hypertension, renal failure, and schistocytosis.
		The significance of microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia in accelerated hypertension.
		Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia in rats with malignant hypertension.
	www.emory.edu /WHSCL/grady/amreport/litsrch00/s010611a.html (395 words)

	Malignant hypertension: higher mortality and less haemodialysis with essential hypertension than glomerulonephritis.
		Malignant hypertension: higher mortality and less haemodialysis with essential hypertension than glomerulonephritis.
		Patients with malignant hypertension secondary to essential hypertension were more likely to die in the next five years than those with chronic glomerulonephritis.
		Patients with malignant hypertension secondary to chronic glomerulonephritis were more likely to require renal dialysis (NNF = 1 for unknown), and far sooner than patients with essential hypertension (3.5 years sooner).
	www.eboncall.org /CATs/2307.htm (245 words)

	CIN'2003. KADIRI. RENAL INVOLVEMENT IN MALIGNANT HYPERTENSION
		Malignant hypertension (MHT) defined as severe hypertension with retinal exudates and haemorrhages with or without papilloedema [1] is an important cause of morbidity in underserved communities [2, 3] and elsewhere [4,5].
		Essential hypertension remains the commonest cause [2-4], but a greater proportion of cases of secondary hypertension occurs in MHT than in benign hypertension.
		As with other cases of hypertension, reduction of BP is paramount [24], but there are reports that suggest the indication for the use of certain agents.
	www.uninet.edu /cin2003/conf/kadiri/kadiri.html (1900 words)

	Visual outcome of malignant hypertension in young people -- Browning et al. 85 (5): 401 -- Archives of Disease in ...
		Malignant hypertension is defined as grade III hypertensive retinopathy in the presence of swollen optic discs (grade IV hypertensive
		revealed her hypertension was secondary to reflux nephropathy.
		Hypertension in children has an incidence of approximately 1-2%.
	adc.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/85/5/401 (1492 words)

	Malignant hypertension: increased risk if no primary care doctor or failure to take medication.
		Malignant hypertension: increased risk if no primary care doctor or failure to take medication.
		Controls: 114 patients (30% male, mean age 61): with hypertension (indicated by current drug treatment or a history of hypertension) admitted for conditions not related to hypertension.
		Roughly 3% of patients present with severe uncontrolled hypertension and associated complications to the emergency room (2).
	www.eboncall.org /CATs/2304.htm (301 words)

	Endothelin in the Kidney in Malignant Phase Hypertension -- Whitworth et al. 26 (6): 925 -- Hypertension (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The clinical course and pathology of hypertension with papilloedema (malignant hypertension).
		Malignant hypertension: effect of therapy on renin and aldosterone.
		Effect of a nonselective endothelin antagonist on vascular remodeling in deoxycorticosterone acetate–salt hypertensive rats: evidence for a role of endothelin in vascular hypertrophy.
	hyper.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/26/6/925 (4590 words)

	Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockade Prevents Lethal Malignant Hypertension: Relation to Kidney Inflammation -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockade Prevents Lethal Malignant Hypertension: Relation to Kidney Inflammation -- Hilgers et al.
		hypertension even in the absence of a blood pressure-lowering
		study and in 6 of 7 surviving solvent-treated renovascular hypertensive
	circ.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/104/12/1436 (425 words)

	WwA Malignant Hypertension, hosted & composed by LARA & Johan
		The malignant hyper metabolic syndrome is the consequence of loss of regulation of the myoplasmic Ca concentration.
		The uptake of Ca appears to be normal implicating an abnormal Ca release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum as the primary defect.
		Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, the Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome, Lymphomas, Osteogenesis imperfecta and the glycogen storage disease are probably not related to the MHS.
	www.anaesthetist.com /mh.htm (2425 words)

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