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| | Pionniers & Précurseurs - FRANK J. MALINA - DIVERS - FRANK JOSEPH MALINA |
 | | Malina was born in 1912 in Brenham, Texas, U.S.A., and laid the foundations of his internationally distinguished career in astronautics at the Agricultural and Mechanical University of Texas at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), where he received his Doctorate in Aeronautics with a thesis on rocket propulsion and flight. |
 | | In 1953, in Paris, Malina decided to devote all his energy to the plastic arts ; he became absorbed by the problem of expanding the rigid limitations of conventional painting and began his search for another medium, which led to the incorporation of electric light and motion in his paintings. |
 | | In his Lumidyne paintings, Malina creates by the use of electric light shining through painted moving and static elements, sometimes with the addition of a diffusing screen, works which are not only revolutionary in their technical aspect, but works of great poetic beauty. |
| www.olats.org /pionniers/malina/divers/fjm_koffler.php (698 words) |
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