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Topic: Malleefowl

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	Malleefowl
		During mid-summer and autumn, malleefowl feed mostly on ants and the seeds of wattle and senna plants.
		When most animals are sheltering from the blazing heat, the malleefowl is busy moving tonnes of sand and debris to build and maintain a nest mound in which the female lays her eggs.
		The malleefowl parents rarely get to see the results of their labour, because they abandon the nest and any remaining eggs when the critical temperature of the mound can no longer be maintained.
	192.148.120.24 /npws.nsf/Content/The+malleefowl (803 words)

	Malleefowl - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Malleefowl (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Malleefowl (Leipoa ocellata) is a stocky ground-dwelling Australian bird about the size of a domestic chicken (to which it is distantly related).
		Malleefowl are shy, wary, solitary birds that usually fly only to escape danger or reach a tree to roost in.
		Like the Southern Hairy-nose Wombat it is particularly vulnerable to the increasing frequency and severity of drought that has resulted from climate change.
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Malleefowl.html (779 words)

	mallee (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Malleefowl, Leipoa ocellata, Leipoa means to leave an egg and ocellata means marked with little eyes, a reference to the pattern on the back and wing feathers.
		The Malleefowl, apart from isolated areas of the south western coast of Western Australia, inhabits the arid areas of the southern inland of South Australia, Victoria and New South Wales, areas that experience pratically semi-desert conditions, low rainfall and long hot summers.
		The Malleefowl's population varies according to the food supply available - their food being seeds of various shrubs and insects that breed in the debris on the ground.
	www.heathcoteps.vic.edu.au /littledes/mallee.htm (859 words)

	Malleefowl, Leipoa ocellata. No. 59 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Malleefowl differ from all other extant megapodes in that they are largely confined to the semi-arid and arid regions of southern Australia, and have evolved the most sophisticated method of mound construction and incubation of all megapodes (Frith 1956a, 1962b).
		In Victoria, Malleefowl are now largely restricted to remnants of their habitat in the north-west of the state, although an isolated (and declining) population exists at the Wychitella Flora and Fauna Reserve in central Victoria (Gell 1985, Benshemesh 1989).
		Malleefowl densities are known to be severely reduced in areas grazed by sheep, and a similar effect is likely where other feral or native grazers are over-abundant.
	www.dse.vic.gov.au /dse/nrenpa.nsf/LinkView/14ECE2C07A2237064A2567FC000D8738983B9D0D130A6B5F4A256DEA00246843 (5128 words)

	Australian Malleefowl -- International Wildlife Magazine -- National Wildlife Federation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Malleefowl are turkey-sized, ground-dwelling birds of southern Australia.
		And adult male malleefowls are among the most industrious of creatures, regularly tilling the mound's soil for months at a time to control the temperature deep inside.
		Malleefowl chicks are defenseless against the fox; the chicks' habit of standing still when in danger protects them from hawks and other native predators, but makes them easy targets for the introduced carnivore.
	www.nwf.org /internationalwildlife/1998/mallee.html (1464 words)

	Malleefowl Preservation Group - The Malleefowl
		Malleefowl are unique to the arid and semi-arid regions of Australia.
		The eggs are laid in the mound, buried and left to incubate by heat generated from composting litter.
		Malleefowl mounds may be used over many generations and can attain an impressive size of 22 metres in circumference and one metre high.
	malleefowl.com.au /Malleefowl.htm (771 words)

	Mansions in the Mallee - October - Scribbly Gum - ABC Science Online
		The challenge for the Malleefowl is to keep their eggs at a constant temperature - and they do it the hard way, by building a mansion in the mallee that acts as a giant incubator, and then furiously adding or removing sand as the temperature varies.
		In 1840 John Gould gave malleefowl the name Leipoa ocellata which means 'the spotted egg-leaver,' a good description of both its speckled appearance and the fact that once the chicks hatch from the malleefowl's amazing nest, they're completely left to their own devices.
		Malleefowl rarely breed in habitat that's been burnt within the last 15 years, and the greatest densities of birds occur in mallee that hasn't been burnt for several decades.
	abc.net.au /science/scribblygum/October2000 (2273 words)

	Malleefowl (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The malleefowl originally occurred over much of western, southern and central Australia, but is now restricted to semi-arid remnants in NSW, Victoria, SA and WA.
		Malleefowl are unmistakable birds, being distinguished by their terrestrial habit, and fowl-like appearance.
		The introduction of the fox and cat, also contribute significantly to mortality, as the malleefowl is in essence a sitting duck to these animals, due to its flightless nature.
	www.westernwildlife.com.au /western/birds/malleefo.htm (527 words)

	CSIRO PUBLISHING - Wildlife Research
		Nesting activity of a population of malleefowl (Leipoa ocellata), isolated within a small mallee remnant in central New South Wales, was monitored annually between the summers of 1986–87 and 1998–99.
		The malleefowl population was characterised by a rapid turnover of breeding individuals, a high rate of adult mortality and a lesser rate of recruitment.
		This population of malleefowl is predicted to become extinct by 2008.
	www.publish.csiro.au /nid/144/paper/WR02046.htm (316 words)

	malleefowl (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The malleefowl (Leipoa ocellata) are large, ground dwelling birds that roost in trees but rarely fly.
		The malleefowl is a Megapod and a large sedentary bird.
		The male adds and takes away the sand and leave matter to keep the temperature around 33c.By opening and closing the mound, Malleefowl are able to precisely regulate the temperature of the nest.
	teachit.acreekps.vic.edu.au /animals/malleefowl.htm (297 words)

	Other Native (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Malleefowl are large, ground-dwelling birds that roost in trees but rarely fly.
		Malleefowl build elaborate mounds in sandy soil that are filled with organic matter which produces heat as it rots.
		By opening and closing the mound Malleefowl are able to precisely regulate the temperature of the nest.
	www.go-downunder.com /Other.htm (1058 words)

	Malleefowl Preservation Group - Projects
		The projects of the Malleefowl Preservation Group are focused on working with farmers and pastoralists to address the decline of the Malleefowl and associated habitat.
		The aim of the surveys is to record annual changes in Malleefowl breeding activity, measure breeding densities, conduct associated habitat surveys, and feral animal controls. This research is being conducted under the guidance of the National Malleefowl Recovery Plan (Benshemesh).
		In 2002 "Malleefowl Magic", a package specially designed for junior, middle and upper primary school classes, was distributed to Western Australian primary schools.
	malleefowl.com.au /Projects.htm (855 words)

	CSIRO PUBLISHING - Wildlife Research
		In all, 94% of malleefowl were killed by predators: 26-39% by raptors, and 55-68% by introduced predators, principally foxes, Vulpes vulpes.
		By imposing severe predation pressure on young malleefowl, foxes are likely to be curtailing recruitment into the breeding population.
		Foxes are thus a major threat to the continuance of remnant populations of malleefowl within the wheat-belt of New South Wales.
	www.publish.csiro.au /nid/144/paper/WR9940543.htm (260 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Small disjunct populations of malleefowl now occupy small isolated remnants of suitable habitat, and several of these populations have recently become locally extinct.
		Young captive-reared malleefowl (8-184 days old) were experimentally released in March and June 1988 into a 55-ha remnant of mallee vegetation.
		In all, 94% of malleefowl were killed by predators: 26-39% by raptors, and 55-68% by introduced predators, principally red fox Vulpes vulpes.
	www.elsevier.com /cdweb/journals/00063207/articles/75/3/000632079686000.abstract.en (191 words)

	The Malleefowl of Shark Bay
		Malleefowl prefer to live in drier mallee country, though they are also found in Wa’s southwest forests.
		Malleefowl can survive without drinking water, and as such are well adapted to the semi-arid zones in which they live.
		Malleefowl mate for life and are believed to live for up to 30 years.
	www.sharkbay.org /terrestial_enviroment/page_02.htm (770 words)

	Avon River Basin: News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Avon Catchment Council recently employed a Statewide Malleefowl Network Facilitator to support the WA Malleefowl Network and encourage the delivery of malleefowl conservation initiatives, as part of a 3-year Natural Heritage Trust project.
		Malleefowl research projects are also currently being conducted by CSIRO and through Postgraduate studies at UWA.
		The malleefowl is an endangered species, regarded as ‘fauna that is rare or likely to become extinct in WA’.
	www.avonicm.org.au /news/newsitem.cfm?news=181 (316 words)

	Murray Mallee Local Action Planning Association Inc
		Malleefowl (Leipoa ocellata) are part of a unique family of birds called the megapodes (large footed).
		The Malleefowl’s diet consists of seeds of shrubs such as wattle and cassia, the buds and flowers of small plants and annual herbs, insects and small invertebrates.
		The Malleefowl make several sounds: they have a booming sound which is a territorial signal, a sharp grunt expresses alarm and their soft lowing is believed to be the ordinary communication.
	www.lm.net.au /%7Emmlap/fsmalleefowl.html (642 words)

	Faculty of Natural & Agricultural Sciences - postgrad template (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Malleefowl in the fragmented Western Australian Wheatbelt: spatial and temporal analysis of a threatened species.
		By providing them with insights into the ecology of Malleefowl and the impact their actions have on them, they will have the opportunity to modify their practices in an effort to benefit this species.
		It is the intent of this project to provide communities with the skills and knowledge to design effective conservation projects at a variety of scales (farm, catchment, region) using a variety of different management options (e.g.
	www.fnas.uwa.edu.au /home/postgrad_template?displaytype=Student_info&id=532 (321 words)

	page 2 html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The megapodes are unique amongst birds in that their eggs are buried and incubated by external sources of heat.
		Malleefowl differ from all extant megapodes in that they are largely confined to the semi-arid and arid regions of southern Australia.
		The current status of the Malleefowl in the Hattah /Kulkyne National Park is difficult to assess due to the fact that mounds are kept secret, however the Department of Environment and Natural Resource supplies this information.
	users.mildura.net.au /users/msc/malleefowl/page2.html (162 words)

	WWF - the conservation organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Malleefowl are a conservation icon for regional communities and this is reflected in the number of local conservation groups based within the regions.
		This will be achieved through the implementation of the âMalleefowl Conservation - Informed and Integrated Community Actionâ project which will include analysis of past and current data sets to identify malleefowl population hotspots and establish a statewide monitoring program to assess the future trends and status of malleefowl populations in Southwest Australia.
		The distribution of malleefowl in Western Australia has been greatly reduced to the combined impacts of a number of factors, including land clearing, introduced predators, introduced herbivores and wildfire.
	www.panda.org /about_wwf/where_we_work/asia_pacific/where/australia/projects/project_details.cfm?sPrjId=AU0073 (536 words)

	Media Statement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Malleefowl are about twice the size of a domestic chicken and one of only three species of mound-building birds in Australia.
		Malleefowl were once widespread across much of southern Australia but declined throughout their former range and are no longer found in some areas.
		In the past 12 months there were several sightings of immature malleefowl that did not have leg-bands indicating that released birds were successfully building mounds - which contain up to five cubic metres of soil as well as vegetation to incubate the eggs - and raising chicks.
	www.calm.wa.gov.au /news/news.cgi?item=977271174 (569 words)

	Education Fact Sheets Malleefowl (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In his attempts for a perfect mound the male Malleefowl will shift tonnes of sand during a year and lose a lot of weight.
		The adult Malleefowl is quite big and can defend itself however the newly hatched are every weak and vulnerable.
		The Malleefowl habitat is found throughout the dry inland areas of southern Australia.
	www.arazpa.org.au /Education_FactSheets_Malleefowl.htm (703 words)

	The Craciformes
		The two families are the Cracidae (Guans, Curassows and Chachalacas) and the Megapodidae (Brush Turkeys and Malleefowl).
		The Malleefowl is the only species in its genus and is listed in the ICBP threatened species list.
		Malleefowl have the most complex nesting habits of all the Megapodes.
	www.earthlife.net /birds/craciformes.html (1239 words)

	Malleefowl - Leipoa ocellata
		Malleefowl require large, long-unburnt blocks of mallee to survive.
		Malleefowl densities are also highest in areas with quality soils and good rainfall.
		According to the Action Plan for Australian Birds 2000, the Malleefowl is vulnerable.
	www.birdsaustralia.com.au /birds/malleefowl.html (160 words)

	Gluepot Reserve's Threatened Species
		It is part of the largest block of intact mallee left in Australia and so the viability of threatened bird populations and other flora and fauna there is high.
		Malleefowl need blocks of mallee of at least 500 ha for long-term persistence, and breed most successfully in areas that have not been burnt for at least 40 years.
		been established to monitor Malleefowl survival and recruitment into the breeding population across Victoria, South Australia and Western Australia, and it will be a priority to establish a monitoring grid on the new Reserve.
	www.birdsaustralia.com.au /gluepot/threatened.html (1123 words)

	Preserving The Western Australian Malleefowl (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		During the nine years that the Malleefowl Preservation Group has been operating, they have been successful in implementing several strategies and schemes that have raised awareness for the general Australian public of the existence and significance of the Malleefowl.
		Like the Malleefowl, people in regional Australia are finding it more and more difficult to sustain their livelihoods under growing economic and environmental stresses.
		The members feel that their efforts have lead to an increase in Malleefowl populations, the key question for their ten year anniversary is to discover whether they have.
	wwwistp.murdoch.edu.au /publications/e_public/Hope4future/cstudies/agcon/mfowl/mfowl.htm (1934 words)

	About the Malleefowl Preservation Group
		Local concern for the decline of the Gnowangerup Shire fauna emblem, the "gnow" (South West Australian Aboriginal name for Malleefowl) led to the formation of the Malleefowl Preservation Group in 1992 as a subcommittee of the Gnowangerup Land Conservation District Committee (LCDC).
		The Malleefowl Preservation Group is based in Ongerup, a farming township of 120 residents situated approximately 400 km south east of Perth, Western Australia.
		The Malleefowl Preservation Group office is open on a part time and volunteer basis - a phone call to (08) 9828 2007 is recommended prior to your visit.
	malleefowl.com.au /AboutUsOverview.htm (540 words)

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