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Malononitrile compounds and their use as pesticides - Patent 7011838 The amount of malononitrile used in the reaction is usually in a ratio of 1 to 10 moles relative to 1 mole of compound (e). First, 10.0 g of 4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzaldehyde and 3.50 g of malononitrile were dissolved in 60 ml of 70% (w/w) aqueous ethanol, to which a catalytic amount of benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. First, 10.0 g of 4-(trifluoromethylthio)benzaldehyde and 2.92 g of malononitrile were dissolved in 50 ml of 70% (w/w) aqueous ethanol, to which a catalytic amount of benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. www.freepatentsonline.com /7011838.html   (12456 words)

Malononitrile - Uses Malononitrile is extensively used as a building block for the synthesis of vitamins, agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals and dyes. The two most important outlets for malononitrile are thiamine (vitamin B1) [59-43-8] and the sulfonylurea herbicides based on 2-amino-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine [36315-01-2], such as benzsulfuron-methyl, azimsulfuron [120162-55-2], pyrazosulfuron-ethyl [93697-74-6]and halosulfuron-methyl [100784-20-1]. Other outlets for malononitrile are the diuretic triamterene [396-01-0], the folic acid antagonist methotrexate [59-05-2], both prepared from 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine [1004-38-2](34), adenine [73-24-5], the antihypertensive minoxidil [38304-91-5], and the pesticide dicyclanil. www.lonza.com /hcnderivatives/en/applications/hcnderivatives1/uses.html   (76 words)

Process for preparing malononitrile Disclosed is a process for preparing malononitrile which comprises reacting diazoacetonitrile with hydrogen cyanide in the presence of a copper compound in a solvent. Malononitrile, the final reaction product, is of a high solubility, especially, in an ether such as ethyl ether or isopropyl ether or a halogenated hydrocarbon such as methylene chloride or chloroform. Then, malononitrile with a high purity can be obtained by treating the reaction mixture with a mixed system of water and the said organic solvent such as ethers or halogenated hydrocarbons so that the by-products may remain in water, while malononitrile may be extracted into the organic solvent phase. www.skk-banjaluckapivara.com /invent/multi-purpose_kitchen/process_preparing_malononitrile.html   (2436 words)

Malononitrile-derivative anion salts, and their uses as ionic conducting materials - Patent 6576159   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13) The present invention is concerned with ionic compounds derived from malononitrile in which the anionic charge is delocalized, and their uses. under secondary vacuum, the malononitrile being recovered after 48 hours on the cold finger of the cell, in the form of white crystals which are thereafter kept under argon. There is obtained 3.3 g of the lithium salt of malononitrile stearoyl having a purity characterized by a proton and carbon RMN higher than 97%. www.freepatentsonline.com /6576159.html   (15983 words)

MDN - Properties Malononitrile forms colorless crystals that are soluble in water, lower alcohols, diethyl ether, and acetonitrile, but insoluble in tetrachloromethane, petroleum ether, and xylene. The chemical properties of malononitrile are determined by the nucleophilicity of the malononitrile anion, formed by deprotonation with relatively weak bases and by the two electrophilic cyano groups. Dialkylation of malononitrile with alkyl halides or acylation with acid chlorides and anhydrides is possible. www.lonza.com /hcnderivatives/en/products/mdn/hcnderivatives.html   (148 words)

Containerless reaction monitoring in ionic liquids by means of Raman microspectr..... (DOI: 10.1039/b608618g) The rest of the chemicals (malononitrile, cinnamic aldehyde, and 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde) were of reagent grade and they were purchased from Fluka (Steinheim, Germany). The reason for this is seen in the dimerization of malononitrile in the presence of the base. In that case, the carbanion, which is formed by deprotonation of malononitrile, as well as the formation of the dimer could be detected spectroscopically (data not shown). www.rsc.org /delivery/_ArticleLinking/DisplayHTMLArticleforfree.cfm?JournalCode=LC&Year=2007&ManuscriptID=b608618g&Iss=Advance_Article   (3377 words)

Chapter 12   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13) Both in vivo and, in water, in vitro, CS (o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile) is hydrolyzed to 2-chlorobenzaldehyde and malononitrile. Malononitrile contains two cyanide moieties, and it is thought that at least one of these is liberated and attaches to sulfur via the enzyme rhodanese to form thiocyanate, which is excreted in the urine. Also, after intravenous administration of CS or malononitrile, the signs and the times to death were similar (15–60 min), suggesting that both caused effects by the same mechanism. web.usf.edu /sequence/feces/MedicalAspectsofNBC/chapters/chapter_12.htm   (9186 words)

Spectrum Laboratories : Chemical Fact Sheet - Cas # 109773 Malononitrile may be released to the environment in wastewater effluents associated AQUATIC FATE: The major degradation process for malononitrile in water may be hydrolysis. The half-life for the aqueous hydrolysis of malononitrile at 25 deg C in acidic www.speclab.com /compound/c109773.htm   (393 words)

Environmental Protection Agency Warning: Malononitrile may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through skin or mucous membranes. Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to malononitrile may include hypertension (high blood pressure) and tachycardia (rapid heart rate), followed by hypotension (low blood pressure) and bradycardia (slow heart rate). Malononitrile is irritating to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. yosemite.epa.gov /oswer/CeppoEHS.nsf/firstaid/109-77-3?OpenDocument   (685 words)

Malononitrile compound and use thereof pesticides patent invention   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13) Malononitrile compound and use thereof pesticides patent invention The malononitrile compound has an efficient pesticidal activity and can control effectively pests such as insect pests, acarine pests, nematode pests and the like. Thank you for viewing the Malononitrile compound and use thereof pesticides patent info. www.freshpatents.com /Malononitrile-compound-and-use-thereof-pesticides-dt20060105ptan20060004092.php   (757 words)

Malononitrile compounds and their use as pesticides patent invention   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13) Malononitrile compounds and their use as pesticides patent invention [0001] The present invention relates to malononitrile compounds and their use as pesticide compositions. Thank you for viewing the Malononitrile compounds and their use as pesticides patent info. www.freshpatents.com /Malononitrile-compounds-and-their-use-as-pesticides-dt20050922ptan20050209323.php   (768 words)

Spray used by British police forces to control aggressors more harmful than previously thought The research is reported in the current issue of the Emergency Medicine Journal, a leading international journal of developments and advances in emergency medicine and critical care. The "personal incapacitant" spray or PIS is used for self defence in situations where "lethal force is inappropriate." It combines the compounds CS (o-Chlorobenzylidene malononitrile) with MiBK (Methyl isobutyl keton). o-Chlorobenzylidene malononitrile is a white crystalline solid with a pepper-like odor. www.news-medical.net /?id=4298   (526 words)

Thieme-connect - Abstract   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13) In this method, sodium borohydride in isopropanol has a catalytic effect on the initial condensation between malononitrile and aldehydes or ketones at 0 °C. The sodium borohydride also simultaneously acts as a reagent and reduces the unsaturated intermediate formed in situ by the condensation. Unsymmetrically disubstituted malononitriles are prepared via alkylation of these monosubstituted derivatives. malononitrile - ketones - aldehydes - condensations - reductions www.thieme-connect.de /ejournals/abstract/synthesis/doi/10.1055/s-2006-926307   (143 words)

Simple preparations of condensed furan, perhydropyridazine and pyrrolidine derivatives from three components 4-Methyl-4-dimethoxymethylpyrans (5b and c) prepared from 1,3-cyclohexanedione (2), pyruvic aldehyde dimethyl acetal (3b), and malononitrile (4) were subjected to HCl hydrolysis affording fused furofuranones (6), which were treated with amines and hydrazines to give the condensed pyrrolopyrrolidinones (9) and pyridazinones (10, 11). Naturally occurring analogues of (-)-physostigmine having perhydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole alkaloids (1) as a main structural component have received much attention as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase [1] and therapeutic agents for treating Alzheimer's disease. It is known that a three component reaction using cyclohexane-1,3-dione (2), ketone (3a), and malononitrile (4) produce fused pyran derivatives (5a). www.ch.ic.ac.uk /ectoc/echet96/papers/061/index.htm   (824 words)

ExactAntigen DICYANMETHANE synonym: propanedinitrile; malononitrile; propanedinitrite; methylenedinitrile; ai3-24285; dicyanomethane; cyanoacetonitrile; malonodinitrile; methylenecyanide 1-chloroacetophenone, 2-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile and dibenz[b,f]-1,4-oxazepine Toxicol Rev 22:103-10 (1998) Malononitrile as a new derivatizing reagent for high-sensitivity analysis of oligosaccharides by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 12:2011-5 chemical.exactantigen.com /d/dicyanmethane.html   (195 words)

Acute mass burns caused by o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS) tear gas Acute mass burns caused by o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS) tear gas In a recent event, a large quantity of tear-gas canisters were used during a situation of unrest in a Hong Kong Refugees' Detention Centre. We report 96 cases of acute burn injury as an unpredicted side effect of o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS) fear gas. www.zarc.com /english/tear_gases/cs-2.html   (106 words)

Society of Chemical Industry: SCI Honours I presented a poster entitled ‘A novel catalyst for the Knoevenagel condensation of aldehyde with malononitrile and ethyl cyanoacetate under solvent-free conditions’, and the abstract appears below. I had the opportunity to discuss my research work with several scientists and was interested to hear their suggestions for further research. The Knoevenagel condensation of several aldehydes with ethyl cyanoacetate and malononitrile was carried out at 60°C on MgO / ZrO 2 catalyst in the absence of solvent. www.soci.org /SCI/awards/2006/html/hn314.jsp   (325 words)

DEA Resources, Microgram Journal, Volume 1, January-June 2003- Five of the twenty-four reagents examined at the first evaluation stage yielded a color reaction with at least one drug (see Table 2). These were reagents E (mixture of 5-methoxy-1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-inden-2-ylidene) malononitrile and (2Z)-2-(5-methoxy-1,3-dioxo-1H-inden-2(3H)-ylidene) propanenitrile, F (3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene) malononitrile, H (4-chloro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole), K (5,6-dimethoxyninhydrin), and O (5-methoxyninhydrin). Seven of the twenty-four compounds gave no visible reaction, and the remainder were rejected because of the development of intense background coloration. www.usdoj.gov /dea/programs/forensicsci/microgram/journal_v1/mjournal_v1_pg4.html   (1440 words)

Tear Gases   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13) During the 1950s, one limitation of CN became apparent; determined demonstrators could avoid much of the effect of CN by closing their eyes. o-Chlorobenzylidine malononitrile (CS) was adopted as a CN replacement when it was found to have wider ranging effects. CS tear gas takes effect almost immediately, causing severe burning and involuntary closing of the eyes, copious tearing, extreme burning in the nose, a tendency to breathe through the mouth, extreme burning in the throat, and coughing. www.mitretek.org /TearGases.htm   (741 words)

Erowid Online Books : "PIHKAL" - #27 2C-G (C10H12O2) C,H. The malononitrile derivative (from the aldehyde and malononitrile in EtOH with a drop of triethylamine) had a mp of 133-133.5 °C from EtOH. This was extracted with 2x300 mL boiling hexane, the extracts were pooled, and the solvent removed under vacuum. The yellowish residue crystallized to give 32.7 g 2,5-dimethoxy-3,4-dimethylbenzaldehyde with a mp of 46-47 °C. Repeated recrystallization from MeOH raised the mp to 59-60 °C. The malononitrile derivative was prepared (aldehyde and malononitrile in EtOH with a few drops triethyl amine) as yellow crystals from EtOH, with a mp of 190-191 °C. Anal. www.erowid.org /library/books_online/pihkal/pihkal027.shtml   (1791 words)

[No title] Recyclisation of carbo- and heterocyclic compounds involving malononitrile and its derivatives Published data on recyclisation reactions of carbo- and heterocycles with participation of malononitrile and recyclisation of compounds containing a malononitrile fragment or fragments with malononitrile as a synthon are surveyed, described systematically and analysed. V P Litvinov, "Recyclisation of carbo- and heterocyclic compounds involving malononitrile and its derivatives", RUSS CHEM REV, 1999, 68 (1), 39-53. www.turpion.org /php/paper.phtml?journal_id=rc&paper_id=273   (86 words)

OC/SMOKE Technical Specs Orthochlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS) is the most commonly used irritant for riot control purposes. CS is the code name for orthochlorobenzylidene malononitrile. On account of its stronger irritant effects and its lower toxicity it has superseded CN. www.policek9.com /html/oc_smoke_technical_specs.html   (2059 words)

[No title] IRSST - Méthode analytique - o-Chlorobenzylidène malononitrile(o-Chlorobenzylidene malononitrile) NIOSH method PandCAM304 must be validated for the substance mentioned, using the procedure described by the IRSST, which refers to the NIOSH protocol. NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 2nd ed., MethodPandCAM304 : o-Chlorobenzylidène Malononitrile. www.irsst.qc.ca /en/_RSST2698-41-1.html   (64 words)

Erowid Online Books : "PIHKAL" - #28 2C-G-3 The bulk of this crude product (74 g) was redistilled at 110-130 °C at 0.3 mm/Hg to give 66 g of 4-methoxy-2,3-(trimethylene)benzaldehyde as a nearly colorless oil which set up as a crystalline solid. A portion on porous plate showed a mp of 28-29 C. A gram of this aldehyde and a gram of malononitrile in 25 mL of EtOH was treated with a few drops of triethylamine and gave pale yellow crystals of the malononitrile derivative. This was removed by filtration and, after air drying, was extracted with 3x100 mL boiling hexane. www.erowid.org /library/books_online/pihkal/pihkal028.shtml   (1644 words)

The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13) A riot control agent is a type of lachrymatory agent (or lacrimatory agent). These are chemical compounds, such as benzyl bromide, or CS gas (o-Chlorobenzylidene malononitrile) that causes the eyes to sting and water. The word "lachrymatory" comes from the Latin lacrima meaning "a tear". www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=tear_gas   (753 words)

Malononitrile、ISobutyronitrile、Cyanhoacetamide、Methyl Cyanoacetate--Rudong Tongyuan Fine Chemical Factory Now our factory has 152 employees, including 9 engineering technicians and 21 technicians. Our products include malononitrile, isobutyronitrile, color developer CD2, medium-speed blueprint salt BG, BGT, BGM, coupling agent 2.3.6 etc.. Besides, our factory has its supporting modern testing equipment. www.tongyuanchemical.com /template/about_en.html   (307 words)

FOOD STANDARDS AGENCY Statement by the Committees on Toxicity, Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment on 2-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile and CS spray The advice of the Committees on Toxicity, Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment, on health effects resulting from the use of CS spray as a chemical incapacitant, was sought by the Department of Health, with the support of the Home Office. A full statement on the physical and chemical properties of the spray and the toxicological data on 2-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS), on the solvent, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), and on CS spray itself can be downloaded from this site. archive.food.gov.uk /dept_health/archive/cot/csgas.htm   (360 words)

Malononitrile - 109-77-3 ,you can find out suppliers by our chemicals search engine!   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13) Malononitrile - 109-77-3,you can find out suppliers by our chemicals search engine! Dicyanomethane~Propanedinitrile; MDN; Malononitrile, 99%; Malonitrile; Propanedinitrile; Dicyanomethane; Malonodinitrile; N-(4-Fluorobenzoyl)piperidine Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. www.chem007.com /specification_c/chemicals/supplier/cas/109-77-3.asp   (94 words)

Cheney Rehnquist Ashcroft - Health of our Leaders, our Military * Breathing Malononitrile can irritate the nose and throat. * Breathing Malononitrile may irritate the lungs causing... The answer to your question appears to be, "yes" though indirectly addressed home.gci.net /~blessing/pages/cheneyhealth.htm   (308 words)

Electron Microscopic Observations on Spinal Ganglion Cells of Rana pipiens after Injection of Malononitrile -- Anderson ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13) Electron Microscopic Observations on Spinal Ganglion Cells of Rana pipiens after Injection of Malononitrile -- Anderson and van Breemen 4 (1): 83 -- The Journal of Cell Biology Articles by Anderson, E. Articles by van Breemen, V. The Journal of Cell Biology, Vol 4, 83-86, Copyright © 1958 by Rockefeller University Press Electron Microscopic Observations on Spinal Ganglion Cells of Rana pipiens after Injection of Malononitrile intl.jcb.org /cgi/content/abstract/4/1/83   (204 words)

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