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Topic: Malta Convoys

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	Convoy Index Page - warsailors.com
		OB, OA, ON, ONS, and UC Convoys
		Similarly, the report for HG 72 has nothing on the convoy itself, but is an account of a sighting of, and attack on, a Focke Wolfe aircraft on Sept. 14, as well as the sinking of 1 ship in the convoy on the 15th).
		Convoys, North America-UK - This is a handy site in that it shows the convoys in chronologial order according to date, rather than according to the designations of the convoys, with number of ships and losses as per info in Arnold Hague's "The Allied Convoy System".
	www.warsailors.com /convoys (2596 words)

	Malta Convoys : Reviews, Prices, Deals (Site not responding. Last check: )
		With the fall of Crete, Malta appeared indefensible, yet to lose it would have dealt a winning hand to Axis forces in North Africa and made the capture of Gibraltar inevitable.
		Possession of Malta was crucial to the warfare raging in North Africa.
		Malta's role has always been understated: this book goes some way to restoring it to strategic importance, and does so without ignoring the human dimension of its determined population and defenders.
	www.smartybrain.com /shopuk/product/0850526639/Malta_Convoys.html (290 words)

	malta products at MSN Shopping (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Malta is located at the center of the Mediterranean Basin,...
		Malta can serve well as a prism for understanding much that is important about lifeways in the Mediterranean: trade, subsistence systems, religion, urbanization, and the transmigration of peoples in war and in peace.
		Malta Spitfire tells Beurling's remarkable story and that of the outnumbered but dogged Spitfires which, day after day, climbed into the skies to defend the most bombed patch of land in the world.
	shopping.msn.com /results/shp?bcatid=4,ptnrid=8,text=malta,ptnrdata=2 (934 words)

	Malta Convoys, 1940-1943 : Reviews, Prices, Deals (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Woodman demonstrates that possession of Malta was crucial to the warfare raging in North Africa.
		As may be imagined this volume is a comprehensive study of the ships and men involved in the Mediterranean during these three years; the author has managed to avoid regurgitating history in dull prose and presents his research in a logical and readable fashion.
		Overall, Malta Convoys is a useful companion volume to Arctic Convoys, and stands as an excellent read and resource in its own right.
	www.smartybrain.com /shopuk/product/0719564085/Malta_Convoys,_1940-1943.html (631 words)

	George Cross (GC) Database - Collective awards to Malta and the RUC
		Malta had to be defended but the early months saw much damage as the islands' inadequate air defences comprised of three aged Gloster Gladiator biplanes which the locals immediately christened Faith, Hope and Charity.
		The arrival of the battered remains of a convoy on the 15th August was ascribed by the inhabitants to a miracle, interceded by the Virgin, on whose Feast of the Assumption it occurred.
		Malta's bright story of human fortitude and courage will be read by posterity with wonder and with gratitude through all the ages.
	www.gc-database.co.uk /collective.htm (1798 words)

	ipedia.com: Military history of Britain during World War II Article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		After the institution of an interlocking convoy system on the American coast and in the Caribbean in mid-1942, there was an enormous drop in attacks in those areas.
		Malta in its turn took a heavy toll of Axis convoys heading over the sea to Africa to keep Rommel's forces supplied.
		Supplies were being sent round the North Cape convoy route to Murmansk and Archangel, but the capacity of that route was limited and subject to enemy action.
	www.ipedia.com /military_history_of_britain_during_world_war_ii.html (13340 words)

	LemaireSoft's Mediterranean Sea (Site not responding. Last check: )
		While returning from the attack of a convoy, the cruiser force based in Malta strayed into a minefield and was all but destroyed.
		Malta had made great sacrifices to maintain itself as an allied base in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea up to then.
		Until the next convoy would become necessary, it would have inflicted so much damage to its enemies, that they will be no longer in a position to oppose it.
	users.swing.be /naveditoen/edito/1954.html (2723 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Europe \| Operation Pedestal: Saving Malta
		Malta, then part of the British Empire, was strategically important because it lay in the heart of the Mediterranean.
		Convoys of supplies were picked off one by one as they approached.
		But military planners knew Malta would be forced to surrender if fuel, grain and ammunition did not get through before the end of August.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/europe/2289714.stm (812 words)

	Go diving in Malta, holidays and scuba diving centre in Malta, Gozo
		Collectively known as Malta, the three islands of Malta, Gozo and Comino have a population of 350,000, 98 per cent of whom follow the Catholic faith.
		Malta is the largest of the three islands, at 27km (17 miles) long by 14km (9 miles) wide.
		At just over a quarter the size of Malta, the island is 15km long by 7km at its widest point and has a total of 43km of coastline.
	www.buddiesmalta.com (5423 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Malta Convoys, 1940-1943: Books: Richard Woodman
		Woodman demonstrates that possession of Malta was crucial to the warfare raging in North Africa.
		Malta's role has always been understated: this book goes some way to restoring it to strategic importance, and does so without ignoring the human dimension of its determined population and defenders.
		Overall, Malta Convoys is a useful companion volume to Arctic Convoys, and stands as an excellent read and resource in its own right.
	www.amazon.co.uk /Malta-Convoys-1940-1943-Richard-Woodman/dp/0719557534 (895 words)

	Robert Taylor - Gallant Ohio
		Of all the tortuous Malta convoys, Operation Pedestal was perhaps the most crucial.
		By August 1942 the tiny island's airfield and naval base were virtually out of action owing to lack of fuel, the air and sea defenses depleted of ammunition and the island population close to starvation.
		Central to the convoy and a focus of constant enemy attacks was the large American Texaco-owned tanker Ohio.
	www.aviatorart.com /taylor/t-ohio.htm (1243 words)

	HMS Poppy & PQ17 by John Beardmore
		To begin with the convoy was sailed against the express advice of the Admiralty, who had been obliged to withdraw aircraft carriers from the Home Fleet to support the already hard pressed Malta convoys, leaving no effective air cover at all for the Russian convoys once they had entered the Barents Sea.
		Needless to say the convoy was soon reported by shadowing Blom and Voss reconnaissance aircraft, and patrolling U-Boats, as it proceeded to the south of Jan Mayen Island upon its fateful voyage.
		The decision to scatter the convoy successfully was taken on the spot by the Captain of The Jervis Bay and the convoy had a chance to disperse
	www.cbrnp.com /RNP/Flower/ARTICLES/Poppy/Beardmore-1.htm (4990 words)

	Malta George Cross
		Whilst on Malta he was credited with at least 5 destroyed and a further 2 probables, and received the DFM.
		The Malta Edition has all six signatures of the 'Spitfire' edition, but in addition is issued with a full color matching numbered companion print of the aircraft carrier HMS 'Illustrious' in Grand Harbor, Malta, 1943.
		This flight was to reinforce Malta's handful of outdated Gladiator's and few surviving Hurricanes and on 16 August was amalgamated to become 261 Squadron.
	www.chesterfieldarmament.com /taylor/maltageorgecross/malta.htm (2655 words)

	News and Events - Order of Malta in the UK
		Following the grant of a 99 year lease from the government of Malta the Knights have reoccupied the mighty bastion guarding Grand Harbour, and an extensive restoration is in hand.
		The 24th Malta Childrens' International Summer Camp was held this August 11-18 at Champery, a typical mountain village in the beautiful Swiss Alps.
		The Order of Malta runs this camp every year to give handicapped young people the experience of a happy holiday in a structured, caring environment, with the Order's National Associations taking it in turn to organise and host this highly popular event.
	www.orderofmalta.org.uk /news.htm (4891 words)

	Russia, Malta Convoys, Japan, Pearl Harbor
		From airfields in Crete as well as Libya, the Luftwaffe and Italian Air force were as close to the eastern convoy routes from Alexandria, as Sardinia and Sicily were to the western ones through the Strait of Gibraltar.
		Convoy and escort (Rear-Adm H. Burrough) went on to reach Malta on the 28th minus one transport lost to air attack.
		Malta - Force K was formed at Malta as a Strike Force to add to the offensive against Axis shipping by submarines and aircraft.
	www.naval-history.net /WW2RN10-194106.htm (4403 words)

	Operation Pedestal and SS Ohio save Malta
		Malta's strategic airfield was key to holding the Mediterranean, but food and oil had to get through past German and Italian bombers.
		Germany reports that all the tankers in a recent Mediterranean convoy were sunk and not one of the transports reached their destination in Egypt.
		Video: The Malta Story, 1953 British, directed by Brian Desmond Hurst, starring Alec Guiness and Jack Hawkins has footage of of attacks on the convoy to Malta "Operation Pedestal." The focus of the movie is on the British Air Force -- Guiness is an aerial reconnaissance photographer.
	www.usmm.org /malta.html (1887 words)

	Malta Convoy August 1942
		Malta is a holy burial gound for all the arrogant empires that tried to rule her.
		It is a great pleasure and honor for me,as Mayor of Valletta,and on behalf of my colleague councillers and all the people of Vallatta,to welcome you to Malta on the occasion of the 60th Anniversary of Operation Pedestal.
		May I point out from the start that Malta`s gratitude and indebtedness to you all and all your colleagues are infinite.
	maltaconvoyaug42.freewebspace.com (673 words)

	Comando Supremo: Events of 1942
		On occasion, these convoys were escorted by the Italian battle fleet, but usually by Italian heavy cruisers.
		The convoy were protected by 3 fast frigates, along with the Clan Campbell, the Pampas the Norwegian Talabot, the Breconshire, the Carlisle and 6 destroyers were then joined by the Penelope and the destroyer Legion.
		The convoy had to turn back around and return home to Alexandria, Egypt once it was noted that the Italian Battleships Littorio and Vittorio Veneto, along with 2 heavy cruisers, 2 light cruisers and 12 destroyers were dispatched to intercept them.
	comandosupremo.com /1942.html (3635 words)

	Comando Supremo: Events of 1942
		Now the Allied convoys to Malta must pass between Axis occupied Crete and Axis airfields in Benghazi.
		The convoy were protected by 3 fast frigates, along with the Clan Campbell, the Pampas the Norwegian Talabot, the Breconshire, the Carlisle and 6 destroyers were then joined by the Penelope and the destroyer Legion.
		The convoy had to turn back around and return home to Alexandria, Egypt once it was noted that the Italian Battleships Littorio and Vittorio Veneto, along with 2 heavy cruisers, 2 light cruisers and 12 destroyers were dispatched to intercept them.
	www.comandosupremo.com /1942.html (3635 words)

	Heritage Malta
		A key feature of the museum is the numerous photographic panels depicting the harsh conditions prevailing in Malta during the crucial War years 1940-1943.
		Also on display are the George Cross, awarded to Malta by King George VI, the Book of Remembrance of civilians and servicemen killed during the years 1940-43, and the illuminated Scroll presented to the “People and Defenders of Malta”, by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1943.
		Throughout its long and eventful history Malta endured countless wars, and the story of Malta during the Second World War is one of the greatest dramas of history.
	www.heritagemalta.org /warmuseum.html (487 words)

	Books: Wartime Merchant Navy
		Red Duster, White Ensign: Story of Malta and the Malta Convoys.
		Memoir about Malta, during the siege in WW II.
		The Convoy that Nearly Died: The Story of Convoy ONS 154.
	www.gordonmumford.com /author3.htm (559 words)

	At Your Service / Stationed at Malta
		It is your listing of native and foreign service men and women who were stationed at Malta during the islands' past, at times of war and of peace.
		As long as their years of service concerned Malta, all participations are welcome.
		The aim here is to remind one and all of those who served to defend Malta and Gozo over the years.
	www.my-malta.com /service/stationed.html (330 words)

	MALTA CONVOYS 1940-1943
		From the day Mussolini's Italy declared war on Britain in June 1940, the island of Malta was under siege.
		Its strategic importance was obvious to both sides, blocking as it did the supply route across the Mediterranean from Italy to the Axis armies in North Africa.
		That Malta survived was due to the courage and fortitude of her people, and to the dauntless determination of the Royal Navy and the Merchant Navy.
	www.naval-military-press.com /catalogue/military-books/8250.htm (293 words)

	Netwings - Starting with Malta Scenery for 'Battle of Britain'
		Malta: blitzed but not beaten / Philip Vella.
		Is a well illustrated account of the air war over Malta, giving balanced details of the forces involved, with particularly good coverage of the axis forces, and some of the less well known types and operations.
		He has usefull sections on Malta radar and the role of the FAA as well.
	www.netwings.org /dcforum/DCForumID24/284.html (1355 words)

	H.M.S.Illustrious (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Spitfires proved that Malta could not only defend herself but was striking back, the success of these air battles inspired enthusiasm among the population and shocked the Axis aircrew.
		H.M.S.Illustrious, fifth ship to bear the name and second of the invincible class aircraft carries, having completed her refit in April 1994, the ship is the most up to date of its class.
		Emergency repairs at Malta 25 Jan 1941 to 10 March 1941; was hit by additional bombs while at Malta.
	louishenwood.com /Illustrious.html (748 words)

	Blue Funnel Line
		In 1941 she took part in two of the regular Malta convoys, 'Substance' and 'Halberd' and after the latter was set on fire in Malta and spent some months there before making a break for Alexandria.
		During the period of the Malta convoys there were 31 solo runs, single ships carrying food and general supplies making a dash with minimum cover..
		However, Malta was really dependent on the massive convoys, 'Pedestal' being the most well known, as these carried the vital fuel oil and ammunition.
	www.red-duster.co.uk /BLUEFUN20.htm (2952 words)

	Books & CDs Review
		For Maltese, those who are familiar with Malta's history, and anyone interested in learning a bit about the recent history of Malta and the Maltese character, the book offers a look at how life might have unfolded during the dark days of Malta's last great siege.
		Poignant and moving, punctuated by comical scenes and passionate interludes, Death in Malta is a powerful novel of love and loss, disappointment and dislocation — curiosity and consequences.
		What literary critics have said about Death in Malta: Dr Bob Rich, author of Sleeper, Awake and the historical adventure trilogy The Travels of First Horse, nominated for the Frankfurt e-book awards, (http://bobrich.fictionworld.com/) has written: “In this book, Rosanne Dingli shows herself to be a master of characterization and vivid description.
	www.maltagozo.com /books.html (2600 words)

	memories of Leading Seaman William Davidson (Site not responding. Last check: )
		We were in Malta for some considerable time and it was only when we returned to Alexandria with the Cleopatra we discovered our brothers fate.
		She acted as escort to convoy bringing supplies from the UK when the Italian invasion of Egypt began in September, escorting them through the Red Sea.
		She was able to proceed to Malta but while under repair she was further damaged on 11 April during an air raid and broke in two.
	www.warlinks.com /memories/davidson.html (1916 words)

	About us
		The convoy arrived at Malta unharmed on 26th November and the same day VAMPIRE sailed escorting the east bound ~3, which reached Alexandria (less Port Said section) on 30th November The first nine days of December VAMPIRE spent boiler cleaning at Alexandria followed by three days at sea with the Fleet sailing on 10th December.
		This operation ('EXCESS') had as its object the passage of a convoy from Gibraltar through the Mediterranean to Greece and Malta and the simultaneous movement of fast convoys from Alexandria to Malta and east bound to Alexandria with a fourth slow convoy from Malta to Port Said.
		Before the close of the month she assisted in the safe passage of four Greece bound convoys broken by the task of embarking the ex Prime Minister of Yugoslavia from the yacht CALANTHE in the Gulf of Athens for passage to Alexandria.
	www.forcez-survivors.org.uk /vampire.html (5221 words)

	Queer Malta Convoys, 1940-1943 Comments (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Woodman who is an ex-merchant seaman does very well on the story of the convoys as they plied there way to and from Malta during World War II.
		In this he is good and the book has real value.
		This includes interviews with some of the surviving sailors of these convoys.
	queerpopculture.com /entertainment/asinsearch_0719564085 (180 words)

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