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	Mamertine Prison In Rome \| Apostles Paul and Peter
		The Mamertine Prison in Rome was located on the east side of the Capitoline Hill, adjacent to the Roman Forum, and near the Arch of Septimius Severus.
		Although its name is medieval, the prison was constructed in the 7th century B.C., and consisted of a vast network of dungeons under the city's main sewer.
		It is probably this prison that Paul had reference to in 2 Timothy 4:21, when he urged Timothy to visit him before winter.
	www.padfield.com /2004/mamertine.html (172 words)

	Mamertine Prison
		The so-called "Mamertine Prison", beneath the church of S. Giuseppe dei Falegnami, via di Marforio, Rome, is generally accepted as being identical with "the prison...
		The name Mamertine Prison is medieval, and is probably derived from the temple of Mars Ultor in the vicinity.
		Processus and Martinianus relative to the imprisonment of St. Peter in the Tullianum was universally accepted; the earliest allusion to the prison in the character of a church is that of Maffeo Veggio, in the fifteenth century, who speaks of it as "S. Petrus in carcere" (St. Peter in prison).
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/m/mamertine_prison.html (365 words)

	Prison - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		The BJS reported that at the end of 2004, 2,135,901 prisoners were held in federal or state prisons or in local jails—an increase of 2.6 percent from the end of 2003.
		Officials determine whether a prison is overcrowded by comparing the inmate population to various criteria that indicate the capacity of the institution.
		Prisons in the United States are crowded because a greater proportion of the American population is being sent to prison and because inmates remain in prison longer.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761573083___0/Prison.html (11499 words)

	Prison - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		For example, the Mamertine Prison, constructed in Rome in the 7th century bc, consisted of a vast network of dungeons under the city’s main sewer.
		Thus, prison industry was a mutually beneficial enterprise—prison officials considered prisoner labor as worthwhile and rehabilitative, and the prisons also profited from prisoner-made goods.
		Although Southern prisons gradually changed their operations to emulate those of other regions of the country, especially during the 1940s, modern prison industry retains an element of prisoner exploitation.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761573083___28/Prison.html (1626 words)

	church of Christ Prison Ministry of Florida - History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Prisons or jails were not as common back then and were used primarily as a holding place till trial.
		In many circumstances a prison sentence was a life sentence, in that the prisoner would be given slave labor until he or she died.
		Prisons built to lock up religious heretics (those that opposed the church of the time) were built during the 14th and 15th centuries AD.
	www.afn.org /~ccpm/history.html (1904 words)

	Wikinfo \| Mamertine Prison (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Mamertine Prison (also referred to as the Tullianum) was a prison (Carcer) located in the Forum Romanum in Ancient Rome.
		The Prison was constructed in around the time of the First Sack of Rome by Gauls, about 386 BC.
		The name "Mamertine" comes from a medieval misconception that it was the place where St.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Mamertine_Prison (300 words)

	Modern Penal Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		These early prisons housed social misfits as well as criminals, the purpose being to keep them isolated from society, but both workhouses and debtors' prisons were horribly unsanitary and overcrowded places where inmate labor was exploited to turn a profit.
		Most major cities (and the feds) have what are called Metro prisons of this type, and often local jails are of this architectural design, as are many private prisons operated by corporations who contract with the government.
		This amounts to less than one quarter of one percent of all prisoners, so the odds are about 1:400 of being able to pull off an escape, and the odds of a successful escape are much greater (about 1:750).
	faculty.ncwc.edu /toconnor/294/294lect03.htm (1328 words)

	Prison architecture
		The radical design, featuring glass ceilings that permit daylight to penetrate the subterranean depths (and deliver prisoners their right to discern between night and day as dictated by California law), was allegedly a compromise to placate preservationists.
		Ah, the panopticon...the seminal idea in Western prison design, dreamed up by 18th-century British philosopher Jeremy Bentham—he called it his "simple idea in architecture." Inspired by his visit in 1787 to the Russian textile mill run by his brother Samuel, the panopticon was simple: a peripheral series of cells surrounding a single observation tower.
		The panopticon marked the move away from the carnivalesque public floggings and executions into what one 19th-century writer called "complete and austere institutions," structures whose walls marked the very horizons of their inhabitants and concealed the machinery of a larger system of justice.
	www.stim.com /Stim-x/7.1/Architect/Architect.html (527 words)

	Burk Foster's Site / Prison History / Eastern State
		The Mamertine Prison, which was a dungeon under the sewers of Rome, is often identified as the first known ancient prison.
		The society objected to the public degradation of prisoners on work details (like modern day chain gangs), to prisoners fed so meagerly that they were reduced to begging for food, to the jail's lack of sanitation and security, and to the absence of classification of inmates.
		During this era the prison was rocked by other scandals--nine inmate-run whiskey stills were destroyed in one shakedown, and authorities were embarrassed by the discovery of a prostitution ring that brought female prostitutes inside the prison.
	www.burkfoster.com /EasternState.htm (5774 words)

	Students Bring Hope to San Quentin
		This prisoner was transferred to San Quentin after being sentenced for thirty-three years for drug possession under the Three Strikes law.
		A common thread that seems to run through Catholic prison ministry is the strong comfort given to the inmates by the sacraments, especially the Eucharist.
		Prison Ministry is one of several Field Education areas in which seminarians engage.
	www.stpatricksseminary.org /patfal00/sanquentin.html (791 words)

	San Giuseppe dei Falegnami - Churches of Rome Wiki
		The chapel was excavated between the floor of the church and the Mamertine Prison.
		First constructed in the 7th century BC, this was a prison for condemned enemies of the State.
		The stairs down to the cell are a later addition; the prisoners were lowered down into the cell through the circular hole in the floor.
	romanchurches.wikia.com /wiki/San_Giuseppe_dei_Falegnami (443 words)

	Barnes New Testament Notes \| Christian Classics Ethereal Library
		The tradition is, that he and Peter were together in the Mamertine prison at Rome; and the place is still shown in which it is said that they were confined.
		The lower prison is supposed to have been once a quarry, and to have been at one time occupied as a granary.
		The upper prison is twenty-seven feet long, by twenty wide; the lower one is elliptical, and measures twenty feet by ten.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/barnes/ntnotes.xvii.ii.ix.html (492 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - The Mamertine Prison
		The Mamertine Prison, which stands in the Roman Forum, was the main gaol in Ancient Rome.
		The name 'Mamertino' is mediaeval; the prison was formerly called 'Tullianum', a word derived from 'tullus' or water spring, because it actually contains a spring, and was originally a reservoir.
		Against the wall there is a small altar with a carved altarpiece representing the baptism of the prison wardens Processus and Martianus - an event recorded by tradition - and of forty-seven prisoners.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/A2452556 (379 words)

	Carcer -- Mamertine Prison
		When the upper chamber was added to convert the building into a prison, the lower structure was truncated, and entry to it was blocked except for a hole in the floor of the upper chamber, through which prisoners were lowered.
		Whether or not Peter was ever an inmate of the Mamertine prison was the subject of heated theological and ideological debates, mostly between Protestants and Catholics, up to the early years of the 20th century, and research sparked by those debates revealed several interesting facts.
		The death of the prisoner was also dedicated to the god in a long-lasting holdover of rites of human sacrifice.
	www.mmdtkw.org /VCarcer.html (1146 words)

	Travel - Visit to a Roman Cell summons reflections on Peter and Paul
		I knelt last month inside the Mamertine prison, the dungeon in the heart of Rome believed to be the spot where the apostles Peter and Paul were imprisoned before they were executed almost two millennia ago.
		Usually, the dark, dank prison dating from the fourth century B.C. is filled with pilgrims snapping photos.
		One cell is the true Mamertine prison where famous historical personages were executed.
	www.simplysharing.com /travel.htm (635 words)

	Final Trip
		The Mamertine Prison is set in the Roman Forum area, a little bit high up the northern side.
		The Mamertine Prison is now a small church called San Pietro in Carcere (St Peter in Prison or Incarceration).
		The prison consisted of two levels; a top level that was a small room with a 1 meter or so wide hole in the floor and a lower level that was the single cell.
	www.alanzeleznikar.com /travels/rome_1996_1997_1999/rome_july00.html (1055 words)

	OCA - Lives of all saints commemorated on this day
		The Holy Martyrs Processus and Martinian were pagans and they served as guards at the Mamertine prison in Rome.
		Watching the Christian prisoners and listening to their preaching, Processus and Martinian gradually came to the knowledge of the Savior.
		When the holy Apostle Peter was locked up at the Mamertine prison, Processus and Martinian came to believe in Christ.
	www.oca.org /FSLivesAllSaints.asp?SID=4&M=4&D=11 (1906 words)

	Mamertime Prison (San Pietro in Carcari
		The Mamertine Prison (Carcere Mamertino or San Pietro in Carcare) is an ancient prison at the foot of the Capitoline Hill in Rome.
		The Mamertine Prison consists of two gloomy underground cells where Rome's vanquished enemies were imprisoned and usually died, of either starvation or strangulation.
		The prison was in use until at least the late 4th century AD, when it was mentioned by the historian Ammianus Marcellinus.
	www.sacred-destinations.com /italy/rome-mamertime-prison.htm (1032 words)

	OCA - Feasts and Saints: Life of Saint (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Holy Martyrs Processus and Martinian were pagans and they served as guards at the Mamertine prison in Rome.
		Watching the Christian prisoners and listening to their preaching, Processus and Martinian gradually came to the knowledge of the Savior.
		When the holy Apostle Peter was locked up at the Mamertine prison, Processus and Martinian came to believe in Christ.
	ocafs.oca.org /FeastSaintsLife.asp?FSID=101056 (238 words)

	Nathaniel Hawthorne on the Mamertine Prison
		I had noticed two or three times an inscription over a mean looking door in this neighbourhood, stating that here was the entrance to the prison of the holy Apostles, Peter and Paul ; and we soon found the spot, not far from the Forum, with two wretched frescoes of the Apostles above the inscription.
		It is not a very long descent to the lower cell, the roof of which is so low that I believe I could have reached it with my hand.
		We were now in the deepest and ugliest part of the old Mamertine Prison, one of the few remains of the kingly period of Rome, and which served the Romans as a state prison for hundreds of years before the Christian era.
	www.vroma.org /~jruebel/hawthorne-mamertine.html (713 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Welcome to the Mamertine Prison, located in Rome near the Roman forum at the base of the Capitoline Hill.
		Prison could not dampen Paul’s spirit or confidence in his eternal destiny.
		Timothy had loyally stuck with Paul through thick and thin, through prison and labors and Paul now writes his last will and testament—a letter to his young son in the faith pleading with him to visit before the end comes.
	www.catholic-convert.com /LinkClick.aspx?link=~/Portals/0/Documents/016SecondTimothy.doc&tabid=83&mid=372 (1375 words)

	Prison - MSN Encarta
		Great books about your topic, Prison, selected by Encarta editors
		Imprisonment; The Prison Population; Prison Systems; Types of Prisons; Prison Personnel; Prison Life; History; Current Issues in the United States
		Sexual exploitation, rape, and other forms of aggression were commonplace.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761573083_7/Prison.html (1645 words)

	Mamertine Prison, Rome, Italy. Carcere Mamertino accordin... - ChristianImageLibrary.com
		It consists of two levels and was the most horrible part of the ancient state prison located in the caves under the Capitoline Hill.
		The higher part of the prison was built in the 2nd century BC and was named.
		prison, italy, rome, mamertine, jail, peter, paul, prisoner, cave, ancient, culture, Ruin, archaeology, antiquity, architecture, construction, structure, design, building, engineering, Ruin, prisons, jails, prisoners, caves, ancients,...
	www.christianimagelibrary.com /stock_image.php?id=58940 (140 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Mamertine Prison
		Mamertine Prison is medieval, and is probably derived from the
		The medieval "Itinerary" of Einsiedeln alludes to the "fountain of St. Peter, where also is his prison".
		Processus and Martinianus relative to the imprisonment of St. Peter in the Tullianum was universally accepted; the earliest allusion to the prison in the
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09579a.htm (370 words)

	The Holy Martyrs Processus and Martinian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In this prison were held state criminals, among which Christians also were included.
		Watching over the Christian prisoners and hearing also their preaching, Processus and Martinian gradually came to the knowledge of the true faith in the Saviour.
		When the holy Apostle Peter was locked up at the Mamertine prison, Processus and Martinian came steadfastly to believe in Christ; they accepted holy Baptism from the apostle and released him from prison.
	www.holytrinityorthodox.com /calendar/los/April/11-05.htm (243 words)

	Mamertine Prison, Rome
		From the fourth century B.C. onwards the state prison of Rome stood at the foot of the Capitol hill, on the side nearest the Foro Romano.
		In the lower chamber, also known as the Tullianum (after a water cistern), we are told by the Roman historians that the Numidian king Jugurtha (140 B.C.), the Gallic chieftain Vercingetorix (46 B.C.) and Catiline's fellow conspirators were confined.
		Accordingly the chapel which was later constructed in the prison was named San Pietro in Carcere (St Peter in Prison).
	www.planetware.com /rome/mamertine-prison-i-la-rcm.htm (188 words)

	Jessica and Peter’s Page » Day Eight – Mamertine Prison, Degas at the National Museum of Rome, Trajan’s ...
		They simply dropped their prisoners in from the top and left them in the pile of other prisoners and rats.
		There is a plaque on the wall with a list of prisoners, the year that he died, and how he died.
		The prison is most important, however, because both St. Peter and St. Paul were said to be held here.
	jezter.us /?p=14 (627 words)

	Harvesting a Dream
		When my wife Kristen and I traveled to Rome for our belated honeymoon in the summer of 2001, one of the sites we saw adjacent to the Forum was the Mamertine Prison.
		Today, you can walk down a slick, stone staircase into the holding cell where the prisoners were kept.
		What got Joseph out of prison was his God-given gift of dream interpretation and his faithful, humble use of it.
	www.faithandvalues.com /tx/CBFN-55/3 (2278 words)

	It Is Written \| A MESSAGE UNCHAINED #930-1
		It is constructed of enormous blocks of stone, and during the Roman Republic, it became the feared Mamertine Prison.
		A church has been built over the prison to honor the faith that was first given expression in chains.
		Mamertine Prison was situated on the processional route that victorious generals took on their way to the great Temple of Jupiter on Capitoline Hill.
	www.iiw.org /tvprogram/scripts/program-930-script-1.html (1136 words)

	2 TIMOTHY
		PROLOGUE This letter is by all the critics located in the Mamertine prison at Rome.
		It is immediately contiguous to the old judgment-hall, where Nero sat upon the world’s tribunal, and tried the apostle for his life, condemning him to decapitation, the more honorable punishment of a Roman citizen in contradistinction to the ignominious crucifixion inflicted on aliens.
		The judgment-hall is immediately west of the old Forum, where Cicero spoke and Caesar bled; the Mamertine prison on the north, and the Coliseum on the south.
	www.godrules.net /library/godbey/29godbey_c8.htm (6401 words)

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