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	Mamertines - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Mamertines (Mamertini "sons of Mars") were mercenaries of Italian origin who had been hired from their home in Campania by Agathocles, the king of Syracuse.
		Leading his confident army north he found the Mamertines again at the Longanus River on the plain of Mylae where he easily defeated them since the Mamertines were not accustomed to large pitched battles and had become reckless after beating Hiero's mercenaries.
		Ironically, once the scale of the conflict has escalated beyond them, the Mamertines themselves are lost to the historical record, and their eventual fate is lost, swallowed up in the larger events of the Punic wars.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mamertines (789 words)

	Mamertines
		This incident, which took place in c.288, was the beginning of the history of the Mamertines, who adopted the name of their war god Mamers (known to the Romans as Mars).
		Immediately, the Mamertines asked help from Carthage, which gladly intervened -there was a treaty, after all- and sent its admiral Hannibal, who was in the neighborhood (on the Aeolian islands), to defend and garrison Messana.
		The Mamertines had to pay a prize for their liberation: they could no longer be pirates, and were forced to become allies of Rome.
	www.livius.org /maa-mam/mamertines/mamertines.html (526 words)

	dio zonaras
		The Mamertines, who had once conducted a colony from Campania to Messana, were now being besieged by Hiero, and they called upon the Romans as a nation of kindred blood.
		At this a tumult of applause arose from the Mamertines.
		So, discovering the Mamertines at the harbour, he convened an assembly and talked to them, finally persuading them to send for Hanno; for the latter had already become suspicious of their movements and had established himself on the citadel, which he was guarding.
	www.u.arizona.edu /~afutrell/republic/diozonarasversion.html (1220 words)

	Wikipedia: First Punic War
		In the city of Messana (present-day Messina), a group of Campanian mercenaries (the Mamertines) who had seized control of the city from its native inhabitants sought military aid against King Hiero II of Syracuse.
		The Mamertines send a diplomatic mission to Rome, requesting aid in removing the Carthaginian garrison that is now established in Messana.
		The Mamertines dislodge the Carthaginian garrison in their citadel and allow Appius to enter.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/f/fi/first_punic_war.html (1732 words)

	The Mamertines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		In 288 Messana was taken over by the Mamertini (Mamertines), whose name was derived from Mamers, the Sabellian war god (another suggested derivation the Oscan name for Mars the god of war).
		The Mamertines were hostile to Pyrrhus (he might have restored order in Sicily).
		The inhabitants of Messana were still called Mamertines at least as late as the 1st century BC.
	www.barca.fsnet.co.uk /mamertines.htm (148 words)

	Wikipedia: Carthage
		The Mamertines became a growing threat to Carthaginian and Syracusan alike.
		Faced with a vastly superior force, the Mamertines divided into two factions, one advising surrender to Carthage, the other preferring to seek aid from Rome.
		Faced with a fait accompli, the Mamertines surrendered to Carthage: A Carthaginian garrison was admitted to the city, and a Carthaginian fleet sailed into the Messanan harbor.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/c/ca/carthage.html (1873 words)

	Appius Claudius Caudex - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 265 BC, Hiero II of Syracuse had attacked Messina in an attempt to recapture it from the Mamertines, mercenaries from Campania who had taken it from him some years before.
		The Mamertines allied with a nearby Carthaginian fleet and held off the Syracusans, but when the Carthaginians did not leave, the Mamertines appealed to Rome in 264.
		He led a force to Messina, and as the Mamertines had convinced the Carthaginians to withdraw he met with only a symbolic resistance.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Appius_Claudius_Caudex (287 words)

	Crisis at Messana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Mamertines had recently been in league with a company of their Campanian countrymen, who, being in the Roman service, had mutinied, seized Rhegium (across the Straits of Messina), and held it against the Romans for ten years.
		But if he did, what was to happen to Messana and who had something to gain by using the Mamertines to obtain a footing there, or to prevent Hiero from gaining one Hiero besieged the city captured Halaesa and Tyndaris and besieged Messana itself: it looked as though he would capture their city.
		The Mamertines offered themselves and their Sicilian city to the Romans and thereby brought Rome itself to the cross-roads of destiny.
	www.barca.fsnet.co.uk /punic1-beginning.htm (457 words)

	First Punic War
		Many Mamertines fell this was a mistake, and request Roman assistance against the Carthaginians.
		While Mamertines are not Greeks, they can be of assistance to Carthage, the traditional enemy of Greece.
		The Mamertines offered themselves and their Sicilian city to the Romans and thereby brought Rome itself into a long concatenation of events which play out over the next two decades.
	www.teachersparadise.com /ency/en/wikipedia/f/fi/first_punic_war.html (1775 words)

	Info Mamertines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		288 BC Messane occupied by the Mamertines (Mamerte the Oscan war-god).
		265/4 BC Hieron II of Syracusa defeated the Mamertines at the Longanus river.
		The domain of the Mamertines is restricted to the city of Messana.
	www.bio.vu.nl /home/vwielink/WWW_MGC/Area_I_map/Mamertines_map/InfoMamertines.html (126 words)

	Printable Version on Encyclopedia.com
		It became involved in several wars, particularly against Syracuse and Carthage, and was taken in 282 BC by mercenaries called Mamertines.
		The Romans answered an appeal for help from the Mamertines and intervened in Sicily, thus precipitating the first of the Punic Wars.
		Messina was subsequently allied with Rome, and it shared the history of the rest of Sicily.
	www.encyclopedia.com /printable.aspx?id=1E1:Messina (288 words)

	A Warhammer Ancient Battles Site
		From 278 to 275 BC he fought under Pyrrhus, king of Epirus, against the Roman invaders of Sicily, and after the departure of Pyrrhus in 275 BC he was chosen commander of the Syracusan army.
		Hiero's defeat of the Mamertines upset the delicate balance of power among the Greeks, Romans, and Carthaginians, all of whom sought the control of Sicily.
		Rome's support of the defeated Mamertines precipitated the First Punic War in 264 BC, in which Carthage and Syracuse were initially allied against Rome.
	home.zonnet.nl /richardevers2000/History1.htm (5067 words)

	Taormina History - The Greeks
		Tauromenium entrusted the military order for the duration of ten years to a hellenic patriot named Tindarione, because it had to defend from the dangerous raids of Mamertines (mercenaries in the pay of Syracuse), so called for the Mamerte god.
		Mamertines, in 288 BC, after having conquered Messina, they pushed forward as far as under the wall of the Tauromenium polis, but Tindarione was able to defend it and save it.
		Worried by the danger of new raids of Mamertines and above all for the hostile intentions of Syracusans, in 278 Tindarione asked for help to Pyrrho, king of the Epirus.
	www.cormorano.net /taormina/english/greek.htm (1050 words)

	[No title]
		The Mamertines, however, did not wish for the type of independence that came in being a Carthaginian protectorate.
		The Mamertines would come to ask Rome for her protection from both the Carthaginians and Hiero.
		The recognition of the Mamertine state of Messana by both the aggressors, and the near location of Rhegium gave Rome legitimate reasons to involve herself in the conflict.
	www.duke.edu /~wem3/forms/Imperialism.doc (2376 words)

	Royal Family of Syracuse (Hiero II)
		Hiero won a decisive victory over the Mamertines, a gang of Italic mercenaries who ran a pirate empire from the Sicilian city of Messana which they had captured.
		Before long he noticed that the Mamertines [the "sons of Mars"--the name the Campanian mercenaries gave themselves], as a result of their success, were acting in a reckless and overbearing manner, so he proceeded to arm his citizen levies and put them through a hard period of training.
		This action put an end to the Mamertines' aggressive conduct, and when Hiero returned to Syracuse he was saluted by all the allies as king [c.
	www.mcs.drexel.edu /~crorres/Archimedes/Family/Hiero.html (1968 words)

	Punic Wars - Crystalinks
		In 288 BC, the Mamertines, a group of Italian mercenaries, occupied the city of Messina in the northeastern tip of Sicily, killing all the men and taking the women as their wives.
		Moreover, Rome had recently dealt with an insurrection of mercenaries following the defeat of Pyrrhus of Epirus (Rhegium, 271) and was probably reluctant to help this faction now, so Carthage was the first city to respond to the plea and send troops to the area.
		In 264 BC, Roman troops were deployed to Sicily (the first time a Roman army acted outside the Italian peninsula) and forced a reluctant Syracuse to join their alliance.
	www.crystalinks.com /punicwars.html (3919 words)

	First Punic War
		In so doing, they generally murdered a good deal of the native population and took the women as their own wives and used the city as a base to raid the surrounding countryside.
		At some point the siege was so successful that the Mamertines had no choice but to call for help, and did so, first to Carthage and later to Rome.
		The Mamertines, eager for help against Syracuse from anyone, allowed the Carthaginians to garrison the city, but soon regretted the decision.
	www.unrv.com /empire/first-punic-war.php (2898 words)

	John Bianchi's Cult of the Mamartines
		And so...the Cult of the Mamertines was born.
		It only makes sense that as the Mamertines become more closely aligned with Khorne, demons will materialize on this side of the warp and flock to their signifier.
		Dionysius, the founder of the Mamertines, has been rewarded by the Blood God for his unknowing service with a gift of all the wine he can drink.
	www.warmongerclub.com /articles/2004gt/jb_khorne1.html (744 words)

	HIERO - LoveToKnow Article on HIERO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		In the meantime, the Mamertines, a body of Campanian mercenaries who had been employed by Agathocles, had seized the stronghold of Messana, whence they harassed the Syracusans.
		They were finally defeated in a pitched battle near Mylae by Hiero, who was only prevented from capturing Messana by Carthaginian interference.
		In 264 he again returned to the attack, and the Mamertines called in the aid of Rome.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /H/HI/HIERO.htm (459 words)

	All Empires History Forum: The Punic Wars
		Agathocles died in the year 289 and the Mamertines, after failing to be re-employed, were admitted into Messana.
		In Syracuse, though, a new general, named Hiero, took control and marched north to battle the Oscan speaking Mamertines, and at the Battle of River Cyamosorus his was able to fight to a draw, which was later to develope into a crushing victory at the Battle of River Longanus.
		This effectively defeated Mamertine military power and the Messana was quick to send envoys to Carthrage and Rome for immediate aid, seeing their days numbered.
	www.allempires.com /forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=1580&PN=1 (8352 words)

	Lecture 7 Notes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		In 265 B.C., a horde of Italian mercenaries, the Mamertines, take over the Sicilian city of Messina 2.
		The Messinians appeal to Syracuse; in 265 B.C., a Syracusan expedition almost dislodges the Mamertines 3.
		Thereupon, the Mamertines appeal to Carthage; a Carthaginian garrison is established in Messina 4.
	www.utexas.edu /depts/classics/faculty/Galinsky/302_7.html (294 words)

	The Story of Rome From The Earliest Times to The End of The Republic By Arthur Gilman, M.A.- Chapter 11 from Nalanda ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Calling themselves Mamertines, after Mars, one form of whose name was Mamers, these interlopers began to extend their power over the island.
		In the emergency there was a fatal division of counsel, one party wishing to call upon Rome and the other thinking best to ask Carthage, which already held the whole of the western half of the island and the northern coast, and had for centuries been aiming at complete possession of the remainder.
		The Roman senate had hesitated to send help to the Mamertines because they were people whom they had driven out of Rhegium, as robbers, six years before, with the aid of the same Hiero, of Syracuse, who was now besieging them.
	www.nalanda.nitc.ac.in /resources/english/etext-project/history/roman/chapter11.html (3876 words)

	264 BCE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The loyalty of the Syracusans is questionable, and they can be expected to act in their own best interests, not those of Carthage.
		Arriving at the gates of Messana, Hiero stops, rolls for Continuation, and succeeds with a roll '6.' He initiates a siege of Messana, which is an automatic Finish.
		Since the Mamertines are safe now (the lone siege LAM has been drawn), Claudius opts to sail to Catana, with the squadron of triremes escorting.
	pathirtle.i8.com /264.htm (1519 words)

	Prosecution of Verres by Cicero
		But suppose you had obtained your request; suppose that the Mamertines had passed any severe vote against Heius, what do you think would have been the authority of their panegyric, if they had decreed punishment to the man who it was notorious had given true evidence?
		The city of Mamertines was not formerly of bad character; it was even a city hostile to dishonest men, and detained the luggage of Caius Cato, the one who was consul.
		The Mamertines did not give me any public invitation- when I say me, that is a trifle; but when they did not invite a senator of the Roman people, they withheld an honor due not to the man but to his order.
	www.4literature.net /Cicero/Prosecution_of_Verres/4.html (943 words)

	The First Punic War (264-241 BC) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		As late as 279 BC the two cities has signed a treaty against Pyrrhus, king of Epirus, whom posed a threat to both.
		However, Carthage occupied the Sicilian town of Massana in 264 BC, after the Mamertines, a group of mercenaries, appealed to Carthage for help against Hiero II, king of Syracuse (a Sicilian city-state).
		Once the problem with Heiro II was solved, the Mamertines appealed to Rome for aid in fighting off the Carthaginians.
	www.dl.ket.org /latinlit/historia/republic/punic2.htm (460 words)

	Pyrrhus by Plutarch
		The Mamertines were descended from Campanian or Oscan mercenaries and spoke a kind of Latin.
		When he was sailing off, the barbarians having conspired together, he was forced to a fight with the Carthaginians in the very road, and lost many of his ships; with the rest he fled into Italy.
		There, about one thousand Mamertines, who had crossed the sea a little before, though afraid to engage him in open field, setting upon him where the passages were difficult, put the whole army in confusion.
	www.4literature.net /Plutarch/Pyrrhus/8.html (684 words)

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