
	Where results make sense

Topic: Mamluk Dynasty

Related Topics

Delhi Sultanate

Yuan Empire

Mamluk

Burji dynasty

Mogul dynasty

Bahri dynasty

History of early Arab Egypt

Sayyid dynasty

Delhi

New Delhi

Qutb Minar

National capital territory

Islamic empires in India

Ottoman Empire

Humayun

	Mamluk - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A mamluk (Arabic: مملوك (singular), مماليك (plural), "owned"; also transliterated mameluk, mameluke, or mamluke) was a slave soldier who converted to Islam and served the Muslim caliphs and the Ayyubid during the Middle Ages.
		Mamluks were to follow the dictates of furusiyya, a code of conduct that included values like courage and generosity but also doctrine of cavalry tactics, horsemanship, archery and treatment of wounds.
		Mamluks fought well at Battle of Austerlitz on December 2, 1805 and the regiment was granted a standard and a roster increased to accommodate a standard bearer and a trumpet.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mamluk (2389 words)

	Slave dynasty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The founder of the dynasty, Qutb-ud-din Aybak, was a Turkish ex-slave of the Aybak tribe who rose to command the armies and administer the territory of Muhammad Ghori in India.
		Iltutmish married Qutb-ud-din's daughter, and all but one of the later sultans of the dynasty were his descendants, including his daughter, Razia, who reigned for four years.
		After the brief reigns of Balban's grandson and great-grandson, the Slave dynasty was overthrown by Jalal-ud-din Feroz Khalji of the Khalji dynasty, who had established themselves in Bihar and Bengal in Muhammad Ghori's reign.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Slave_dynasty (223 words)

	Mamluk Textiles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The mamluk classes were boys taken from their non-Egyptian parents, at first from among Turkish tribes of Central Asia, later from among peoples of Western Asia, and trained to be expert soldiers and horsemen, to become bodyguards, and perhaps eventually to serve the sultans.
		The bulk of the military came from among the ruling elite, being mamluks of the sultan, amirs, and mamluks of the amirs.
		The mamluks stationed in Cairo under the last strong Ayyubid caliph were known as al-Bahriyya al-Salihiyya: "bahri" means "sea", near which the Cairene mamluks were stationed, and from across which they had come; "salih" was the name of their owner, Sultan al-Salih Najn al-Din Ayyub (ruled 1240-1249).
	home.earthlink.net /~lilinah/Textiles/mamluk.html (1838 words)

	Mamluk
		"Mamluk" is Arabic for white slave, and the word is related to the word for king, "malik", indicating that a Mamluk was a slave owned by the ruler of a state.
		Mamluks were slaves that were meant to form a solid foundation for the ruler of a country.
		This happened in Egypt in 1250, leading to the Mamluk dynasty which existed as an independent country until 1517, and as a subject to the Ottoman Empire until 1811.
	i-cias.com /e.o/mamluk.htm (278 words)

	Mamluk. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The Mamluk sultans are usually divided into two dynasties, the Bahris (1250–1382), chiefly Turks and Mongols, and the Burjis (1382–1517), chiefly Circassians who were chosen from the garrison of Cairo.
		He did not, however, destroy the Mamluks as a class; they kept their lands, and Mamluk governors remained in control of the provinces and were even allowed to keep private armies.
		The Mamluks were defeated by Napoleon I during his invasion of Egypt in 1798, but their power as a class was ended only in 1811 by Muhammad Ali.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ma/Mamluk.html (666 words)

	Delhi Sultanate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Several Turkic and Pashtun dynasties ruled from Delhi: the Slave dynasty (1206-90), the Khilji dynasty (1290-1320), the Tughlaq dynasty (1320-1413), the Sayyid dynasty (1414-51), and the Lodi (1451-1526).
		Qutb-ud-din Aybak, one of his generals, proclaimed himself Sultan of Delhi and established the first dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, the Slave or Mamluk dynasty (mamluk means "slave") after Muhammad's death in 1206.
		The Khilji or Khalji dynasty, who had established themselves as rulers of Bengal in the time of Muhammad Ghori, took control of the empire in a coup which eliminated the last of the Mamluks.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Delhi_Sultanate (914 words)

	Ayyubid dynasty
		Ayyubid Dynasty, Muslim dynasty of Kurdish origins which ruled Egypt, Syria, and northern Iraq in the 12th and 13th centuries.
		The Ayyubid Dynasty was founded by Saladin, who, with his uncle Shirkuh[?], conquered Egypt for the Zengid King Nur ad-Din of Damascus in 1169.
		In 1250 Turanshah, the last Ayyubid Sultan of Egypt, was murdered and replaced by his Mamluk slave-general Aibek, who founded the Mamluk Dynasty[?].
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ay/Ayyubid_dynasty.html (266 words)

	Top 20 Encyclopedia
		While the Mamluk meritocracy lived in luxury as a military caste of foreign-born slave soldiers whose own sons were in that era barred from membership, despite their luxurious living, they were the best trained soldiers in the world at the time, ruthless and very brave, backed up by the resources of Egypt.
		Two Mamluk dynasties ruled Egypt: the Bahri (بحري meaning 'of the sea', referring to their center in al-Manial Island in the Nile, and consisting of Kipchak Turks) and Burji (برجي meaning 'of the tower', referring to their center in the citadel of Cairo, and consisting of Circassians and Georgians).
		In 1806, the Mamluks defeated the Turkish forces several times, and in June confronting parties concluded a peace treaty, according to which Muhammad Ali (appointed as governor of Egypt on 26 March 1806) was to be removed and the state authority in Egypt returned to the Mamluks.
	encyc.connectonline.com /index.php/Mamluk (2374 words)

	Bahri Mamluk Period
		The word Mamluk is derived from a verb "to own" which was used for white male slaves captured in war or purchased.
		In both of the Mamluk dynasties, the throne was primarily passed through means of murder and usurpation, not inheritance.
		Another important monument of the Bahri Mamluk dynasty is the Mosque Complex of Sultan Hasan built between 1356 and 1363.
	www.class.uidaho.edu /arch499/nonwest/cairo/bahri_mamluk_period.htm (914 words)

	Islamic Art - Late Medieval Period: History
		Members of this dynasty were vigorous sponsors of Persian art and culture whose patronage culminated in the late fifteenth century with the brilliant Timurid court at Herat (in modern Afganistan), in Khurasan.
		The Mamluks were, first and foremost, soldiers who constructed a powerful military machine formidable enough to halt the advance of the Mongols and to expel the last Crusaders, who had long occupied the Syrian coast.
		One of the most remarkable aspects of the Mamluks is their creation of a new, self-perpetuating ruling class composed of former military slaves, which excluded members of the indigenous population and often prevented even their own heirs from succeeding to their position and property.
	www.lacma.org /islamic_art/lmp.htm (903 words)

	Mamluks
		Slave dynasty of Egypt, ruling the country as an independent state from 1250 until 1517, and as subjects to the Ottoman Empire until 1811.
		The dynasty was formed by an aristocracy of white slaves, mamluks.
		Among the main achievements of the Mamluk period was the development of historical writing, but the time did not allow serious deviations from the standard religious science, which affected Ibn Taimiya and his attempts to cleanse Islam of superstition and foreign accretions.
	i-cias.com /e.o/mamluks.htm (887 words)

	Muslim Heraldry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Mamluk dynasty, if it can be termed such, dates from 1250 A.D., when the Bahri Mamluks elected Shajar al-Durr, Turan Shah's mother, as their Sultana, until 1517 A.D., when the last Mamluk Sultan, Tumanbay II, was killed at the hands of the invading Ottoman armies.
		The Mamluks were a military aristocracy with a limited membership, whose participants came directly from among the slaves imported from non-Muslim territories as the soldiers and bodyguards of the sultan or emirs, who themselves had begun their careers as slaves.
		Given the diverse backgrounds of the Mamluks, and their lack of shared traditions, it is not surprising that they developed a strictly hierarchical system with meticulous attention to rank and status, dress and appearance, elaborate protocol and ceremonial; in other words, one in which the use of heraldry would flourish.
	www.tirbriste.org /dmir/Heraldry/1307.html (1729 words)

	Circassian Mamluks
		Despite the political turmoil, the Circassian Mamluk Period was the greatest epoch of Egyptian architecture.
		The Mamluks were able to produce some of the most inspiring and breathtaking structures in the Islamic world.
		Mamalik Sultans in Egypt and Syria (The Circassians in the Mamluk Kingdom)
	www.circassianworld.com /circassianmamluks.html (756 words)

	APPENDIX 1 - MUSLIM DYNASTIES IN INDIA’S HISTORY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Dynasties which ruled from Delhi/Agra are called Imperial Dynasties, whatever might have been the extent of their domain or power.
		The dynasty founded by him proved incompetent and the throne was seized in 977 by Subuktigîn, a manumitted slave of Alptigîn.
		Subuktigîn became the founder of the Ghaznivid Dynasty which came to be known as the Yamînî Dynasty as well when the caliph at Baghdad was mighty pleased with the iconoclastic exploits of Subuktigîn’s son, Mahmûd, and conferred on him the appellation of Yamînu’d-Daulah.
	www.bharatvani.org /books/htemples2/app1.htm (3213 words)

	Islamic Heraldry by David Appleton - Journal of the American Academy for Genealogical and Heraldic Sciences
		The scope of this presentation concerns the heraldry the Muslims in the late Middle Ages — that is to say, it concerns the heraldry of the Ayyubid and Mamluk dynasties of Egypt and Syria from roughly the late 12th Century A.D. through the very early 16th Century.
		The Mamluk dynasty, if it can be termed such, dates from 1250 A.D., when the Bahri Mamluks elected Shajar al-Durr, Turan Shah’s mother, as their Sultana, until 1517 A.D., when the last Mamluk Sultan, Tumanbay II, was killed at the hands of the victorious Ottoman armies.
		The Mamluks were a military aristocracy with a limited membership, whose participants came directly from among the slaves imported from non-Muslim territories as the soldiers and bodyguards of the sultan or amirs, who themselves had begun their careers as slaves.
	users.panola.com /AAGHS/manluk.html (1946 words)

	Mamluk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		An Ottoman Mamluk, from 1810 Mamluks (or Mameluks) (the Arabic word usually translates as "owned", singular: &1605;&1605;&1604;&1608;&1603; plural: &1605;&1605;&1575;&1604;&1610;&1603;) comprised slave soldiers used by the Muslim Caliphs and the Ottoman Empire, and who on more than one occasion seized power for themselves.
		In 1811 he invited a number of Mamluk leaders (about 500) to his palace in Cairo and ambushed them inside the palace during dinner by hiding gunmen above the dining hall, and outside the palace along the walls.
		Every one of them was killed with the exception of one man (his name is unknown), who managed to steal an Ottoman horse, avoid the soldiers and gunfire, and jump over the palace walls from a higher point inside the palace.
	mamluk.iqnaut.net (901 words)

	In the Footsteps of Marco Polo: A Journey through the Met to the Land of the Great Khan \| Explore & Learn \| The ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		that were produced in profusion during the rule of the Mamluk dynasty in Syria and Egypt.
		However, as witnessed by this large bottle, with its elegant shape and surpassingly rich and varied decoration, the artists and craftsmen of that period were capable of using their talents imaginatively and with a breadth of vision that was open to foreign artistic influence and innovation.
		While the Mamluks were archenemies of the Mongol dynasty ruling Greater Iran, they were not impervious to artistic influences from that quarter.
	www.metmuseum.org /explore/Marco/object_mam_1.html (356 words)

	Female Hero: Shagrat al-Durr (Women in World History Curriculum)
		Her life links the last victories of the Crusaders to the transition to a new period and dynasty, the Mamluks (the powerful army made up of Turkish slaves and who eventually supplanted their masters).
		It was the Egyptian Mamluk army who were the only institution that eventually stopped the Mongol drive, in their ambitions to conquer the entire Middle East.
		Mamluks were slaves captured from the Asian steppes.
	www.womeninworldhistory.com /heroine1.html (1140 words)

	Islam in North Africa
		Mamluks were the descendants of Black Sea slaves, imported as children by Fatimid caliphs and converted to Islam beginning in the 11th century.
		Centralized authority was not restored until 1171, when the Mamluk vizier Sarah al-Din (known in the west as "Saladin"), ended the Fatimid dynasty and founded a Mamluk dynasty by declaring himself ruler of Egypt.
		Mamluks took control in Egypt after the Mamluk Aybak executed the last Fatimid caliph, Turanshah, in 1250 (Note: By a similar process, Seljuk military leaders seized power in Baghdad in 1055).
	courses.wcupa.edu /jones/his311/lectures/13na-isl.htm (2992 words)

	chronological 1250 - 1299
		May: Turanshah, the last Ayyubid Sultan of Egypt in a dynasty founded by Saladin, is murdered and replaced by his Mamluk slave-general Aibek, founder of the Mamluk Dynasty.
		The word "Mamluk" literally means "one who is owned" or "slave", a reference to the fact that the Mamluks started out as slaves.
		The last of the Egyptian-based dynasties, the Mamluk dynasty, took over the caliphate until 1517 when Egypt fell under the control of the Ottoman Turkish Empire.
	www.allcrusades.com /CHRONOLOGICAL/chrono-1250-1299.html (2712 words)

	Mamluk Architecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Burgi Mamluk Sultan Faraj ibn Barquq laid his father to rest here in Cairo's Northern Cemetery, near the tombs of the Sufis and Barquq's father, Anas, as the old Sultan had wished.
		The "Mamluk star" pattern was first used on flat surfaces, so applying it to the curved surface of a dome and the decreased surface area of the apex required solving some interesting mathematical problems.
		Panorama of Mamluk Monuments in the Northern Cemetery
	homepages.bw.edu /~wwwhis/mamluk.html (624 words)

	ap1
		However, in 1248 the Turks were driven out by Mamluks, a Muslim dynasty based in Egypt, which ruled the city until 1517.
		The Mamluks also kept pounding away at the Crusaders in their increasingly few remaining fortresses along the coast.
		Despite raids from the east and the gradual Mamluk advance from the south, Ashkenazi Jews from Europe immigrated to Palestine, especially to the fortified Crusader towns along the northern coast.
	www.al-bushra.org /america/ap1.html (2049 words)

	Indian Architecture: Quwwat-ul-Islam, Delhi
		Quwwat-ul-Islam was sponsored by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, founder of the Mamluk dynasty.
		After Muhammed's assasination in 1206, Qutb seized the throne and crowned himself Sultan of the Mamluk dynasty, often disparagingly called the "Slave Dynasty" after Qutb's origins.
		Built in the Mauryan dynasty in the 6th century, it is the only piece of the temple that stands in its original location.
	www.orientalarchitecture.com /delhi/QUWWAT.htm (536 words)

	[No title]
		The author was born in Mongolia and graduated as a historian-translator from the Institute of Asia and Africa of the University of Moscow.
		The Coinage of the Mamluk Sultans of Egypt and Syria.
		Islamic coinage of the Zuray'id and Sulayhid dynasties.
	www.nettally.com /jimfarr/jims_bibliography.htm (9447 words)

	The Mamluk (Slave) Dynasty (Timeline)
		The Mamluks have frequently been cited as a dynasty, which developed the techniques of war to a high degree.
		Under the Mamluks, indeed, it was the slave Mamluks who enjoyed the highest prestige and could aspire to the sultanate; their own children, including the sons even of sultans, being free in status, slipped back into the mass of free, second class soldiery, which suffered serious discrimination in terms of pay and equipment.
		In their heyday, the Mamluk cavalrymen were outstanding for their equestrian skill and for their handling of weapons, above all, of the bow and lance.
	www.sunnahonline.com /ilm/seerah/0075_popup11.htm (324 words)

	ipedia.com: Mamluk Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Mamluks comprised slave soldiers used by the Muslim Caliphss and the Ottoman Empire, and who on more than one occasion seized power for themselves.
		The first Mamluks worked for Abbasid caliphs in 9th-...
		In 1211, the Mamluk commander of the Muslim forces in India proclaimed himself as Sultan.
	www.ipedia.com /mamluk.html (877 words)

	Slave Dynasty
		The success of slaves such as these has made many scholars praise the medieval Muslim slave system as being marvellous, asserting that it provided unlimited scope for rise so much so that a slave could even become a king.
		If a few slaves could become kings, it was not because the system provided them with such opportunities but mainly because of their ability to indulge in unscupulous manipulations, muster armed band of followers, and strike for the throne at an appropriate moment.
		The Delhi Sultanate ruled by the kings after Muhammad of Gaur upto 1296 has been called the "Slave Dynasty" as many rulers were former slaves.
	www.indhistory.com /qutbuddin-slave.html (600 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)