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Topic: Mammalian diving reflex

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	Near Drowning: Accidents and Injuries: Merck Manual Home Edition
		Spinal injuries and paralysis caused by diving accidents, which are likely to occur when diving into shallow water, increase the chances of near drowning.
		The diving reflex slows the heartbeat and redirects the flow of blood from the hands, feet, and intestine to the heart and brain, thus helping to preserve these vital organs.
		The diving reflex is more pronounced in children than in adults; thus children have a greater chance of surviving prolonged submersion in cold water than adults.
	www.merck.com /mrkshared/mmanual_home2/sec24/ch294/ch294a.jsp (1001 words)

	Reflex action - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		A reflex action or reflex is a biological control system linking stimulus to response and mediated by a reflex arc.
		For a reflex, reaction time is the time from the onset of a stimulus until the organism responds.
		A reflex mechanism involves a receptor organ, and effector organ, and some type of communication network.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Reflex (251 words)

	Mammalian diving reflex - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Submerging the face into water causes the mammalian diving reflex, which is found in all mammals (including humans, although it is less pronounced), but especially in marine mammals (as, for example, whales and seals.) This reflex puts the body into oxygen saving modus to maximize the time that can be spent under water.
		Blood shift, the shifting of blood to the thoracic cavity, i.e.
		the chest between the diaphragm and the neck to avoid the collapse of the lungs under higher pressure during deeper dives.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mammalian_diving_reflex (245 words)

	Wikinfo \| Reflex action
		In medicine, a reflex is an involuntary reaction of the body to a stimulus.
		digestion and the maintenance of the heartbeat can also be regarded as reflex actions, according to some definitions of the term.
		Images, some of which are used under the doctrine of Fair use or used with permission, may not be available.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Reflex_reaction (221 words)

	Mammalian Diving Reflex
		First discovered in beavers, the mammalian diving reflex is a self-preservation technique triggered in extreme situations.
		As the name for the company, the mammalian diving reflex is a metaphor for the kind of desperate measures that are required during these terrifying times.
		Mammalian Diving Reflex's performances tend to overload the audience with information and ideas with the hopes that once the thinking mind is short-circuited, the body - a much wiser and older instrument - will come to the rescue.
	www.mammalian.ca /template.php?content=about (433 words)

	Diving Reflex (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Scuba diving is an extremely fun sport that can be done anywhere anytime there is water, if the basic requirements are met and the proper procedures are learned.
		The things done during diving is more than just about looking under the water for fish, depending on what you like, you can do it for fun and even make it into a career.
		Scuba diving can be a dangerous sport if not done properly, so make sure to find a good school by comparing many different ones and a good instructor you feel comfortable around.
	www.scuba-diving-guides.com /diving-reflex.html (543 words)

	Trivia: The Mammalian Diving Reflex - MedHunters
		And MDR is responsible for the strange circumstance which often allows a person to survive longer without oxygen underwater – whether they are conscious or not – than someone in a similar situation on dry land.
		An emperor penguin has been recorded diving to a depth of 535 meters (1,755 feet), and the species record for the longest time underwater is 21 minutes.
		The NLT dive is measured in terms of absolute depth, and the current record is 172 meters (564 feet) for men (Herbert Nitsch, 2005) and 160 meters (525 feet) for women (Tanya Streeter, 2002).
	www.medhunters.com /articles/trivia020706.html (478 words)

	Dobkin
		The reflex is strong enough to override other seemingly vital reflexes; i.e., it can completely obliterate the tachycardia that accompanies moderately severe exercise on a bicycle ergometer and can abruptly reduce heart rate from 130140 beats per minute to 80 or less, despite continuation of the exercise.
		In further studies of nerve-cutting experiments, Harold Anderson of Oslo, Norway, documented that the Diving Reflex, as manifested by slowing of the heart, depended on the integrity of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve.
		The Diving Reflex is currently used by the medical profession in conversion of paroxysmal atrial tachycardia.(11,12,13) The Technique is to immerse the face of a person in a tub or basin of water 50 degrees or cooler.
	www.angelfire.com /ga3/galkie/Dobkin.html (2762 words)

	Mammalian Diving Reflex@Everything2.com
		Diving birds, such as penguins, have a similar diving reflex.
		Every animal's diving reflex is triggered specifically by cold water contacting the face -- water that's warmer than 70°F won't cause the reflex, and neither will submersion of body parts other than the face.
		This would seem to be a correct notion, as the diving reflex is very powerful, and can completely knock out the high heart rate (tachycardia) caused by heavy exercise.
	everything2.com /index.pl?node_id=1131371 (694 words)

	LearnFreediving.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		So far, all of the different manifestations that are part of the mammalian diving reflex have been observed in human beings, proving that this fantastic capacity lays dormant in all of us.
		Bradycardia is the most common of all the manifestations of the mammalian diving reflex.
		The most amazing, and profound in meaning, of all the adaptations associated with the Mammalian Diving Reflex, the blood shift is truly what saves a mammal's life during deep dives.
	www.learnfreediving.com /data_center/physiology.asp (997 words)

	Mammalian Diving Reflex
		The Childrens' Choice Awards is a part of Mammalian Diving Reflex's Parkdale vs. Queen West, a long-term project that brings together the kids of Parkdale and the various cultural/business institutions and art hipsters along Queen Street West as they encroach further into the Parkdale neighbourhood.
		Mammalian Diving Reflex hopes to temper the effects of this cultural gentrification by providing the kids opportunities to understand what's happening, meet the players, and get in on the action.
		Mammalian Diving Reflex is part of the Children's Pod, a group of artists and activists who are interested in the place of children in the city.
	www.mammalian.ca (2264 words)

	Ventura County Sheriff's Search and Rescue Dive Team
		Due to a phenomenon of a primitive physiological response called the "Mammalian Diving Reflex" (which still exists in man), a spark of life is maintained and under the right conditions, a victim can be revived long after the fifteen minutes have elapsed.
		There is at present, only one incidence of saltwater drowning survival where the diving reflex was a factor.
		It will be important for the coroner to know at what depth the body was found, the position of the body, any conditions which existed such as entanglements, etc. and any modifications which were performed to the body and/or its clothing during the recovery.
	www.vcsardive.org /past/Academy/rescue.htm (1578 words)

	What is Freediving?
		Freediving is a sport with several different competition categories such as diving with or without fins, weight-sleds, depth records set in the ocean and breath-holding records set in pools.
		The mammalian diving reflex is a key factor in any freediving sport.
		Though freediving has roots that reach back over 4,000 years, when people often dived for pearls and food, today’s enthusiasts are encouraged to take professional classes to learn how to enjoy this extreme sport safely.
	www.wisegeek.com /what-is-freediving.htm (457 words)

	Reflex action - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A reflex action is an automatic (involuntary) neuromuscular action elicited by a defined stimulus.
		Before the message is sent to the brain, the spinal cord receives the sensory stimulus, and sends a signal (action potential) to an effector organ, (muscle) to create an immediate action to counter the stimulus.
		Within the spine a reflex arc switches the signals straight back to the muscles of the body (in this case the arm or the leg) (effectors) via a motor nerve cell, and the muscle contracts (the arm or leg jerks upwards).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reflex (563 words)

	Mammalian Diving Reflex just a Romanticism? - General Freediving
		There is much reference to the mammalian diving reflex occuring due to water pressure and water temperatures.
		Therefore it would seem the only mammalian diving reflex that occurs mainly due to water, would be blood shifts.
		"The diving response (in some literature referred to as the diving reflex) is a combination of vasoconstriction and bradycardia and has been studied in both humans and other animals.
	forums.deeperblue.net /showthread.php?s=&threadid=40688 (2634 words)

	Mammalian Diving Reflex - Divester
		The end of the article mentioned something called the “mammalian dive reflex.” As I was jogging last night, I realized that both the article and I glossed over that not-especially-everyday topic.
		This reflex is more pronounced in cold water than in warm water – which you can prove for yourself by following this simple experiment – but you can be confident that your body will try to conserve its oxygen at the equator just as it would in the
		MDR is Mother Nature’s way of preventing you from drowning.
	www.divester.com /2005/06/08/mammalian-diving-reflex (602 words)

	freediving
		Not a free diving course, but the art or technique of apnea diving or breath hold diving.
		The most dramatic is the "mammalian diving reflex".
		Simply by immersing your face in cold water causes a reflex slowing of the heart rate.
	www.members.tripod.com /Neoprene_Dreams/news/freediving.htm (746 words)

	Performance Freediving \| testimonials \|
		In the classroom, they walked us through background stuff concerning the mammalian diving reflex as well as their suggested exercises in how to breath up effectively.
		While we were on the boat between the warm ups and target dives, the ocean conditions kicked up a few notches (from calm to downright sloppy) just to make things more interesting.
		Freediving or breath-hold diving is a type of advanced snorkeling and water adventure that allows enthusiastic men, women and youth to experience the sights, sounds and challenges of the most natural of underwater experiences.
	www.performancefreediving.com /letters/daniels.html (1484 words)

	OLogy
		One adaptation is known as the mammalian diving reflex (or MDR).
		By measuring the pulse on your neck and your wrist before and after you place your face in icy water, you'll see for yourself how the mammalian diving reflex works.
		Scientists have found that the mammalian diving response is much stronger in children than it is in adults.
	ology.amnh.org /marinebiology/stufftodo/flow_main.html (208 words)

	Hypothermia
		They are the body's way of increasing its chance of survival through the mammalian diving reflex, a technique found in mammals including whales, seals, and porpoises.
		In the mammalian diving reflex, blood is diverted away from arms and legs to circulate between the heart, brain, and lungs, sometimes at a rate as low as six to eight heart beats per minute.
		Humans, to a lesser degree, experience the diving reflex, which is enhanced under certain conditions:
	www19.inetba.com /anchorsaweighmagazine/hypothermia.ivnu (773 words)

	Reflexes aside, water safety starts with prevention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The mammalian diving reflex is a series of physiological changes that occur to the body as a result of the head going under cold water.
		Now you are probably saying, I live in Redding, I don't see seals regularly, so what does this have to do with me? MDR is not unique to marine mammals, but can be found in most other land mammals as well.
		Research has indicated that the mammalian diving reflex, along with hypothermia, may play a critical role for increasing the victim's chances of survival.
	www.reddingemployment.com /newsarchive/20020519colbb006.shtml (542 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		n THE DIVING REFLEX a W Just exactly what allows a person to defy the standard drowning countdown W and survive under cold water, is still being researched.
		Similar to the reflex that permits diving mammals, such as seals and sea cows, to survive long periods underwater, it is basically a body shut down response triggered by sudden face contact with cold water (below 70" F).
		This reflex ensures that oxygen remaining in the blood is How the Mammalian Diving Reflex Works: MAMMALIAN DIVING REFLEX: Blood restricted to heart, lungs and brain.
	www.americanwhitewater.org /resources/journal/text/1980_2_027.txt (264 words)

	Dive Reflex (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Cygnus Attackable Widow Dive Conceptualizes Reflex - Cygnus Attackable Widow Dive Conceptualizes Reflex...
		Definition of "diving reflex" from the animals and wildlife glossary -...some marine mammals have evolved that enables them to dive to great depths for extended periods of time.
		Chest : THE DIVE REFLEX IN HOSPITALIZED INFANTS WITH APNEA AND VIRAL - Chest : THE DIVE REFLEX IN HOSPITALIZED INFANTS WITH APNEA AND VIRAL INFECTIONS: ANALYSIS OF SIX CHANNEL STUDIES.(Abstract) @ HighBeam Research...
	www.scuba-diving-guides.com /dive-reflex.html (671 words)

	Dive Global :: Freediving, free diving, breath holding, breath hold diving...
		With this dive she became the Female World Champion as well as the 5th deepest person in the world.
		There is nothing like the feeling of diving into the deep without the constrictions of a tank on your back and regulator in your mouth.
		Human retain this reflex, which causes the heartbeat to slow down when the face is immersed in water.
	www.diveglobal.com /special/free.asp (908 words)

	Use Less Air (2005) - Zendiving
		Consider the documented record for the longest dive on a single lungful of air: one hour, 52 minutes, set on Aug. 25, 1969, by a sperm whale.
		Their mammalian diving reflex is more pronounced, so they are better able to shut down parts of their body that would otherwise waste oxygen.
		Having the most air at the end of the dive is not the proof of diving excellence that we sometimes make it.
	www.zendiving.com /forums/showthread.php?t=711 (2607 words)

	Freediving--Getting Started
		The most dramatic is the "mammalian diving reflex." Simply immersing your face in cold water causes a reflexive slowing of your heart rate.
		While others may dive deeper and longer, a 45-second dive to 30 feet places you in the action.
		The surface dive is a complex yet easily mastered maneuver.
	www.freedive.net /freediving/freedving.htm (1532 words)

	Jeffrey Dobkin : A Technique For Delaying Brain Death in Heart Attack Victims
		The reflex triggers anaerobic metabolism, shown by a fall in arterial pH. There is an increase in concentrations of lactic and other organic acids, and a rise in blood carbon dioxide and potassium. This indicates that the body’s cells are using less oxygen.
		In Diving Reflex experiments, Charles Richet tied off the tracheae of two groups of ducks, then held one group under cold water. The ducks held under water lived more than three times as long as their partners not immersed in cold water.
		Accentuation of the reflex to the greatest degree occurs when the facial immersion in cold water is accompanied by fear. The more fearful the condition, the stronger the trigger to bring about the reflex and the greater the chance a strong oxygen-conserving reflex will take place.
	www.dobkin.com /content/articles/DelayingBrainDeath.asp (808 words)

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