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Topic: Mammography

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	Mammography - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mammography is the process of using low-dose X-rays (usually around 0.7 mSv) to examine the human breast.
		During the procedure, the breast is compressed by a dedicated mammography machine, in order to even out the tissue, increase image quality, and to hold the breast still (preventing motion blur).
		This is due to several factors: 1) the higher resolution demands in mammography, 2) significantly increased expense of the equipment, 3) the fact that digital mammography has never been shown to be superior to film-screen mammography for the diagnosis of breast cancer.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mammography (863 words)

	Encyclopedia: Mammography
		Mammography is a special type of x-ray imaging used to create detailed images of the breast.
		Diagnostic mammography is more involved and time-consuming than screening mammography and is used to determine exact size and location of breast abnormalities and to image the surrounding tissue and lymph nodes.
		In addition to mammography, clinical breast exams (where the clinician palpates with the fingers) and breast self-examinations are important for breast cancer screening.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Mammography (510 words)

	High Quality Mammography
		Mammography in combination with CBE has resulted in a higher breast cancer detection rate and decrease in mortality than is the case for mammography or CBE used alone.
		Diagnostic mammography is an x-ray examination used to evaluate a patient with a breast mass or masses, other breast signs or symptoms (spontaneous discharge from the nipple, skin changes, etc.), an abnormal or questionable screening mammogram, a history of breast cancer with breast conservation, or special characteristics such as augmented breasts.
		The purpose of mammography is not to delay the biopsy of a clinically suspicious abnormality.
	health2k.state.nv.us /whc/Professions/ahcprmd.html (5538 words)

	TransMed: Mammography
		Breast imaging and mammography also play a role in defining the extent and nature of palpable abnormalities, or the presence of additional occult disease in cases of clinically evident abnormality and prior to therapeutic intervention.
		Currently mammography is performed with a dedicated mammography unit, to optimize radiographic exposure and breast compression; and with rigorously controlled film processing and development to optimize image quality.
		The sensitivity of mammography is initially determined by the relative background composition of the breast parenchyma.
	www.breastdiseases.com /mammo.htm (1351 words)

	Mammography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Mammography is a special type of low-powered x-ray technique that gives detailed images of the internal structure of the breast.
		Diagnostic mammography is more time consuming and involved than screening mammography and is used to evaluate the exact size and location of an abnormality as well as to image the surrounding tissue and lymph nodes.
		In general, benign microcalcifications are characterized by diffuse scattering and crescentric "tea-cupping", whereas malignant microcalcifications are characterized by isolated clusters, punctate of varying sizes, and a branching or linear pattern.
	medicine.uchc.edu /curriculum_pub/swp/Luzietti/Breast_mammography.htm (472 words)

	Mammography (Breast Imaging, Mammogram)
		A mammography exam, called a mammogram, is used as a screening tool to detect early breast cancer in women experiencing no symptoms and to detect and diagnose breast disease in women experiencing symptoms such as a lump, pain or nipple discharge.
		Mammography is used to aid in the diagnosis of breast diseases in women.
		Diagnostic mammography is used to evaluate a patient with abnormal clinical findings—such as a breast lump or lumps—that have been found by the woman or her doctor.
	www.radiologyinfo.org /content/mammogram.htm (1993 words)

	The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Development Program: >Breast Cancer Screening for Women Ages 40-49
		The two panel members writing a minority report believed the risks of mammography to be overemphasized by the majority and concluded that the data did support a recommendation for mammography screening for all women in this age group and that the survival benefit and diagnosis at an earlier stage outweigh the potential risks.
		Although nonrandomized observational data on women screened with mammography have been reported, the benefits and risks of mammography screening for women in their forties can be validly assessed only by analyzing results obtained from clinical trials in which women are randomly assigned to be screened or not screened.
		Thus, in some cases, a physician might recommend mammography for a patient in her forties and might do so despite a belief that the evidence is not sufficiently strong to warrant across-the-board recommendations.
	consensus.nih.gov /1997/1997BreastCancerScreening103html.htm (6559 words)

	Dangers and Unreliability of Mammography: Breast Examination is a Safe, Effective, and Practical Alternative
		Nevertheless, mammography entails tight and often painful compression of the breast, particularly in premenopausal women.
		Mammography is a striking paradigm of the capture of unsuspecting women by run-away powerful technological and pharmaceutical global industries, with the complicity of the cancer establishment, particularly the ACS, and the rollover mainstream media.
		Screening mammography should be phased out in favor of annual CBE and monthly BSE, as an effective, safe, and low-cost alternative, with diagnostic mammography available when so indicated.
	www.preventcancer.com /patients/mammography/ijhs_mammography.htm (3238 words)

	Mammography
		Mammography to detect breast cancer is done in two ways: screening mammography or diagnostic mammography.
		Diagnostic mammography means looking at a breast symptom that you or your doctor may be concerned about, such as breast pain, a lump or discharge from the nipple.
		Mammography is a low dose x-ray of your breasts and is used for screening and diagnosis of certain conditions that affect breast tissue.
	www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au /bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Mammography?OpenDocument (927 words)

	Imaginis - General Information on Mammography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The goal of screening mammography is to detect cancer when it is still too small to be felt by a woman or her physician.
		Screening mammography is recommended every one to two years for women once they reach 40 years of age and every year once they reach 50 years of age.
		Diagnostic mammography is an x-ray examination of the breast in a woman who either has a breast complaint (for example, a breast lump or nipple discharge is found during self-exam) or has had an abnormality found during screening mammography.
	www.imaginis.com /breasthealth/mammography.asp (2467 words)

	[No title]
		Mammography produces a fl and white image of the breast tissue on a large sheet of film, which is "read" or interpreted by a radiologist.
		While mammography is an excellent way to find most breast cancers at their earliest and most curable stage, it does not detect all breast cancers.
		It is important to remember that standard film mammography also is effective for these groups of women, and that they should not forego their regular mammogram if digital mammography is not available.
	www.cancer.org /docroot/PED/content/PED_2_3X_Mammography_and_Other_Breast_Imaging_Procedures.asp?sitearea=PED (7641 words)

	Breast Cancer Guide - Making a Diagnosis
		Mammography is the relatively painless procedure that is performed by a specially-trained radiology technologist who produces a mammogram.
		You should not hesitate to express feelings of discomfort to the technologist performing the mammography, or ask to speak to the radiologist if the technologist is unable to answer questions to your satisfaction.
		Some women are concerned about exposure during mammography, but studies have shown that the risks of exposure to radiation with state-of-the-art mammography equipment are minimal and far outweighed by the benefits of a thorough procedure.
	www.wehealny.org /healthinfo/breastcancer/mad.html (1411 words)

	Health Information - Yale Medical Group
		Mammography has been used for about 30 years, and in the past 15 years technical advancements have greatly improved both the technique and results.
		The patient is positioned at the mammography unit, seated, standing, or lying down.
		The breast is positioned between two plates of the mammography unit, and pressure applied to compress the tissue.
	ymghealthinfo.org /content.asp?pageid=P01288 (641 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Mammography
		It is also used to evaluate a woman who has symptoms of a breast disease, such as a lump, nipple discharge, breast pain, dimpling of the skin on the breast, or retraction of the nipple.
		These are general recommendations for mammography, clinical breast exams, and breast self-exam.
		Mammography is important because it can, in some cases, detect breast cancers before you can feel them with your fingers.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/003380.htm (728 words)

	Mammography: X-ray exam to detect breast cancer
		Mammography can be used either for screening or for diagnostic purposes in evaluating a breast lump.
		Screening mammography is used to detect breast changes in women who have no signs or symptoms or observable breast abnormalities.
		Diagnostic mammography is used to investigate suspicious breast changes such as a breast lump, breast pain, an unusual skin appearance, nipple thickening or nipple discharge.
	www.cnn.com /HEALTH/library/WO/00023.html (2052 words)

	mammography
		State rules governing mammography can be found in division 106 of the Oregon Administrative Rules for the Control of Radiation.
		RPS is contracted by the FDA to inspect mammography facilities for compliance with the federal regulations.
		If mammography equipment was moved or had a major repair done, a medical physics mammography equipment evaluation report must also be available for review.
	www.oregon.gov /DHS/ph/rps/mammo.shtml (1250 words)

	Mammography
		The physician who interprets the mammogram, the technologist who performs the mammography examination, the medical physicist who evaluates the system, and the state inspector must all meet regulatory requirements for training and continuing education.
		Mammography in Michigan has shown much improvement in the last 15 years.
		A report of the federal Mammography Quality Standards Act (MQSA) is printed after the inspection while still onsite.
	www.michigan.gov /mdch/0,1607,7-132-27417-46640--,00.html (246 words)

	Mammography and the politics of randomised controlled trials • Commentary: The public has a role to play in ...
		Mammography and the politics of randomised controlled trials • Commentary: The public has a role to play in translating evidence into practice • Commentary: Why are researchers surprised when there is not a smooth transition from research into practice?
		Randomised controlled trials of the effectiveness of screening mammography have found that it significantly reduces mortality in women over 50 but that the benefit is smaller, and the associated harm is greater, in younger women
		The reduction in mortality that mammography offers has been emphasised to encourage women aged 50 and older to be screened.
	bmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/317/7167/1224 (4683 words)

	Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine: Mammography
		Beginning screening mammography at a younger age may be recommended for these women.
		Diagnostic mammography is used to evaluate an existing problem, such as a lump, discharge from the nipple, or unusual tenderness in one area.
		Next, the woman is positioned with her side towards the mammography unit.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2601/is_0008/ai_2601000872 (1033 words)

	Cancer - Breast Cancer and Mammography Information - NBCCEDP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Mammography is the best way to detect breast cancer in its earliest, most treatable stage—an average of 1—3 years before a woman can feel the lump.
		Mammography also locates cancers too small to be felt during a clinical breast examination.
		Mammography screening every 1-2 years for women age 40 and older, could reduce mortality by approximately 20-25% over 10 years.
	www.cdc.gov /cancer/nbccedp/info-bc.htm (332 words)

	2002.02.21:HHS Affirms Value of Mammography for Detecting Breast Cancer
		The recommendation acknowledges that there are some risks associated with mammography (false-positive results that lead to unnecessary biopsies or surgery), but that these risks lessen as women get older.
		The strongest risk factors are a family history of breast cancer in a mother or sister, having already been diagnosed with breast cancer, or having had a previous breast biopsy showing atypical hyperplasia (an irregular pattern of cell growth).
		Today's USPSTF recommendation results largely from the review of eight randomized controlled trials of mammography (four of mammography alone and four of mammography plus clinical breast examination) that have reported results with 11 to 20 years of follow up.
	www.hhs.gov /news/press/2002pres/20020221.html (637 words)

	Mammography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Mammography may be indicated more frequently if the patient is at higher risk for breast cancer.
		This is increases the sensitivity of particularly screening mammography.
		Diagnostic mammography rather than screening mammography should be performed on a woman with breast implants.
	www.wcrc.com /mammog.htm (515 words)

	mammography
		Mammography is a detailed x-ray picture of the breast.
		The x-rays are interpreted by a radiologist with specialized mammography training within a 24-hour period and results are sent to you and your referring physician by mail within ten days.
		Diagnostic evaluations are recommended for women who have a dominant or new breast lump, clear or bloody nipple discharge, prior cancer in a remaining breast or localized persistent local breast pain unrelated to menstrual cycles.
	www.cpmc.org /services/women/breast/mammography.html (338 words)

	Mammography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		We are specialists in the installation and support of Mammography equipment and its use in a clinical setting.
		MRS systems have proven track records in all types and sizes of mammography operations, from the small clinic/department to breast imaging/women's centers to multi-site enterprises.
		Siemens Mammography website is filled with new and innovative techniques and studies.
	www.medtek.info /mammography_systems.htm (670 words)

	Mammography
		Mammography is the study of the breast using x ray.
		In addition to the usual paperwork, a woman will be asked to fill out a form seeking information relevant to her risk of breast cancer and special mammography needs.
		Many mammography facilities accept "self referral." This means women can schedule themselves without a physician's referral.
	www.healthatoz.com /healthatoz/Atoz/ency/mammography.jsp (1726 words)

	GE Healthcare - Product Technology - Mammography
		Alpha RT GE Healthcare ’s focus on mammography begins with a process of analyzing and understanding the key elements involved in breastcare, starting with clinicians and patients, and then focusing on the human touch that is required in the delicate field of breast imaging.
		Alpha ST Alpha ST is the optimized mammography system both for basic and diagnostic use.
		Image display is critical in Mammography and impacts the clinical performance as well as the reader productivity.
	www.gehealthcare.com /euen/mammography (281 words)

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