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	The Mammy Caricature
		The Mammy was created by white Southerners to redeem the relationship between fl women and white men within slave society in response to the antislavery attack from the North during the ante-bellum period.
		Mammy was portrayed as dark-skinned, often pitch fl, in a society that regarded fl skin as ugly, tainted.
		Mammy was born on the plantation in the imagination of slavery defenders, but she grew in popularity during the period of Jim Crow.
	www.ferris.edu /news/jimcrow/mammies (2546 words)

	Rochelleratner.com - Bearing Life: Mammy Adeline F. Ries
		Mammy's heart felt heavy indeed when (the time was now two years past) marriage had borne Shiela, her "white baby," away from the Governor's plantation to the coast.
		As of old, too, it was Mammy who first spoke of other things; she asked to be shown the baby, and Shiela only too willingly led the way to the nursery where in his crib the child lay cooing to itself.
		Mammy's eyes remained fixed upon the waves,--"I can't go--go foh me, chile, won't you?" And Shiela thought that she understood the poor woman's feelings and without even pausing to kiss her child she left the room and joined the waiting slaves.
	www.mindspring.com /~rochelleratner/ries.htm (939 words)

	Women's Journeys > Good Vibes > Mammy ... A Tribute by Carol Garrett
		Sometimes one of the requirements of being a Mammy was pregnancy, with a due date that coincided with her Mistress's.
		Mammy was often required to suckle the child...and if she had a particularly mean Mistress, she was expected to put the child of the mistress before her very own child.
		If the children of the big house was ill, Mammy was responsible for sitting up and caring for them all night....Yet breakfast still had to be cooked, clothes had to be washed, and The House still had to be ran...and this extraordinary woman had all that responsibility resting on her strong, broad shoulders.
	www.womensjourneys.com /html/good_vibes_mammy.html (806 words)

	MAMMY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Mammy and her kin were images as prepackaged as the sort of products they advertised--new sorts of branded and processed products, in a world where generic flour oatmeal and rice were still the rule.
		Mammy as commercial logotype was born along with Jim Crow, not on the plantation but in the cities and the railroad station and car.
		Sometimes Mammy is Momma, the sacrificing, beloved mother of the first round NFL draft choice, interviewed beside the new house his bonus money has erected for her beside the old shotgun shack.
	www.philpatton.com /mammy.htm (3661 words)

	Mammy: Her Life and Times
		While Mammy's legend was created in answer to the critics of slavery and Jim Crow, her reality was to become an ambivalent, often haunting register of the complexities of guilt and love white Americans felt.
		Mammy's mythology was created, some academics argue, before the Civil War, as a Southern rebuttal to Northern charges of sexual predation on fl women--she was a counterbalance to the octaroon mistress.
		Later literature depicted Mammy sometimes as a kind of vicar of the white mistress and sometimes her shadow sister, an extension of the ideal of slavery's defenders.
	www.ferris.edu /news/jimcrow/links/mammy (3654 words)

	Tribute to Mammy
		One of the saddest things about Mammy, is the fact that she was often separated from her own children so she could be more available to the Wife of the plantation owner and her children.
		Many people resent the fact that mammy was a so-called house negro, with all the frills of the big house available to her; but the sad truth was, Mammy was on call 24 hours a day.
		Mammy was the backbone and life preserver of the plantation.
	hometown.aol.com /degee/tribute.htm (457 words)

	Mammy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		"Mammy" is a variant of "mama" used in several English dialects.
		Mammy archetype, a stereotype of a fl woman, depicted as rotund, homely, and matronly
		Mammy Two-Shoes, a character in MGM's Tom and Jerry
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mammy (104 words)

	Mammy archetype - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mammy is a variant of "mother", used most prominently by fls in the Southern United States during slavery and for a time thereafter.
		The mammy archetype is, perhaps, as old as slavery itself— that of a dark-skinned, heavyset, big-busted, matronly fl woman wearing an apron and a kerchief on her head.
		Mammy characters were a staple of flface minstrelsy, giving rise to many sentimental show tunes dedicated to or mentioning mammies, including Al Jolson's My Mammy from The Jazz Singer and Judy Garland's performance of Swanee from A Star is Born.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mammy_archetype (373 words)

	Mammy Jezebel and Sistahs
		The matriarch is the mammy gone bad, a failed mammy, because she has spent too much time away from home, has not properly supervised her children, is overly aggressive, and emasculates the men in her life.
		Mammy is first and foremost asexual, and accordingly, in this society she had to be fat.
		By characterizing Mammy as an asexual, maternal and deeply religious woman whose main task was caring for the master's children and running his household, the slave-owner found in her the perfect slave.
	academic.udayton.edu /race/05intersection/Gender/AAWomen01a.htm (1194 words)

	A Close Reading: Scarlett, Mammy, and Rhett
		Although Mammy is a prominent figure throughout the film, one of the most important scenes to develop her character doesn't even feature her.
		I remember my mammy always said that when she went to heaven she wanted a red tabita petticoat so stiff that it would stand by itself and so rustly that the Lord would think it was made of angels' wings.
		The fact that he buys Mammy a red petticoat even though it is his old deceased caretaker who expressed an interest in such things demonstrates both the fact that mammies are essentially interchangeable and that he is still interested in satisfying her.
	xroads.virginia.edu /~MA99/diller/mammy/gone/reading3.html (1047 words)

	Lil Abner Daisy Mae Mammy and Pappy Yokum The Shmoo Dogpatch Fearless Fosdick Sadie Hawkins
		Mammy was the industrious "sassiety leader" of backward Dogpatch who instilled honesty and All-American ideals in Abner.
		Mammy did all the household chores and provided her family with no less than eight meals a day.
		Mammy was regularly seen lathering and scrubbing Pappy in an outdoor oak tub next to the modest Yokum log cabin.
	www.deniskitchen.com /docs/bios/bio_capp_characters.html (3252 words)

	The Mythification of the Mammy
		As the mammy moved into the twentieth century and became larger than life (in more ways than one), the personal time was sacrificed to the demands of the white majority that mythologized the figure.
		Since mammy's loyalty to her white family caused her to neglect her own flesh and blood, when the time came and she had the opportunity to choose who she would stay with, the mammy opted to be a key part of the better family.
		The Mammy was created by white Southerners to redeem the relationship between fl women and white men within slave society in response to the antislavery attack from the North during the ante-bellum era, and to embellish it with nostalgia in the post-bellum period.
	xroads.virginia.edu /~MA99/diller/mammy/fiction.html (1436 words)

	Mary Ellen "Mammy" Pleasant
		Mammy, who was reputed the wickedest woman in San Francisco, who figured in every important lawsuit for nearly half a century, but who lied so cunningly that the most astute lawyer never tripped her.
		The history of Mammy Pleasant and her hold on Thomas and Teresa Bell will perhaps always be shrouded in secrecy.
		Little wonder when mammy died in 1904 at the age of 89, and Teresa Bell sold the “House of Mystery,” which subsequently became a select boarding house, that folks labeled the place haunted.
	www.sfmuseum.org /hist10/mammy.html (439 words)

	D/S Mammy - Norwegian Merchant Fleet 1939-1945
		Mammy was also scheduled for Convoy HN 19 in March-1940, but cancelled and instead joined the next convoy, HN 20, bound for Le Havre with zinc concentrates.
		Mammy is listed among the ships in Convoy HX 72 in Sept.-1940, in which Simla was sunk.
		She was also used in Operation Neptune (the Maritime side of the invasion of Normandie) in June-1944, arriving June 12 and leaving June 23.
	www.warsailors.com /singleships/mammy.html (466 words)

	African American Dolls, Mammy rocking Baby - Original Dolls by JoAnn Bernard
		The Mammy Doll is 16 inches in height and is dressed in a fl and white graham Victorian dress.
		In the Encyclopedia of Southern Culture under Mammy, there is a photograph of a Mammy holding a baby.
		JoAnn's unique doll body design allows the mammy doll and baby doll to be positioned in various ways by bending at elbow joints and knee joints.
	www.southernelegance.net /doll-mammy-baby.html (608 words)

	Pop and Politics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Or it could be the fact that she is a modern day mammy.
		Mammy: entertains white people and helps them see their true, good selves.
		I know Oprah is blind to her mammyness, but I wish she would wake up and stop perpetuating the racist caricature.
	www.popandpolitics.com /articles_detail_archived.cfm?articleID=1692 (875 words)

	A History of Mammy-Two-Shoes
		The "White Mammy Two-Shoes" versions were created back in the 1960s for CBS when they were airing these cartoons.
		I recall reading Chuck's remarks that at the time MGM still had most of its old animation artwork on file, so it was pretty much just a matter of retracing and repainting the original pencil animation and photographing it against recreated backgrounds.
		This new "White Mammy" material was then cut into dupe negatives of the cartoons in question to replace the original "Black Mammy" footage.
	mammytwoshoes.tripod.com /history.html (832 words)

	Mammy - Moviefone
		Synopsis: Mammy features Al Jolson as the star of a travelling minstrel show, appearing in a small Southern town.
		Mammy - Movie Info - Moviefone Mammy stars, Mammy MPAA rating, movie showtimes, Mammy info, trailer, Mammy plot summary, Mammy preview, and more on Moviefone.
		Mammy movie posters and memorabilia at MovieGoods Mammy movie posters and other memorabilia - buy from MovieGoods.
	movies.aol.com /movie/mammy/1066748/main (154 words)

	Vintage Wooden Mammy Pincushion - 3250 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		It is drilled/pegged for the two little wood posts that would normally hold the thread spools.
		All wood with a mammy cut out on the background, painted and trimmed in fl on wood.
		The original red pincushion with the strawberry hanging from it is attached to the mammy design.
	www.rubylane.com /shops/theantiquechasers/item/3250 (255 words)

	Hattie McDaniel: What We Don't Know About Mammy
		Even her famous quote, "I'd rather make $700 a week playing a maid than earn $7 a day being a maid," while bona fide Black girl reasoning, still sounded to me like an old-school version of the new excuse for lameness: well, the brotha or sista is getting paid.
		I dismissed her receipt of an Academy Award for the role of Mammy in "Gone with the Wind," as just another example of Whites rewarding a Black for being a good nig.
		Most of all, it provides a snapshot of the cultural environment in the first half of the last century, the particular choices she faced and how she tried to make the best out of what she was given to create a more sophisticated image of African Americans in film.
	www.seeingblack.com /x091001/hattie.shtml (542 words)

	inIVA: news article - Harold Offeh - Being Mammy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Being Mammy is an attempt explore the world of the Mammy caricature and evoke the tragedy of the type cast actor doomed to recreate and replay the same role.
		Late in her career McDaniel was singled out by Civil rights activists for perpetuating negative stereotypes; her response was the aforementioned quote, which Offeh sees as central to the construction of Being Mammy: it is filled with the heavy pathos of a woman trapped by a stereotype.
		The exhibition is an attempt to examine the relationships between role-play, stereotyping and identity through a multi-media installation combining several performance video works contextualised by a series of objects including replica pre-cinema artefacts, posters and other ephemera.
	www.iniva.org /news/news231 (609 words)

	Mammy Sheet Music, Lyrics, Chords! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Jazz, Broadway, Songs include Mammy * A Blossom Fell * A Sign Of The Times Hal Leonard.
		Jazz, Songs include Mammy * The Varsity Drag * It Don't Mean A Thing Hal Leonard.
		Jazz, Broadway, Songs include Mammy * Oh How I Laugh When I Think How I Cried About You * A Bird In A Gilded Cage Hal Leonard.
	www.laurasmidiheaven.com /Sheet-Music/Mammy-BOOKS.html (778 words)

	Black Mammy Toaster Cover Doll Vintage Black Americana Aunt Jemima - 10056 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		It is a Black Negro Mammy with her arms in the air.
		Her billowing skirt covers the toaster on your kitchen counter, and her sweet green and yellow vintage fabric is a flower and dot pattern.
		She has a green apron with yellow trim that ties around her waist and she has a very unique bonnet hat.
	www.rubylane.com /shops/five4us/item/10056 (328 words)

	Mammy Yokum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Mammy, born Pansy Hunks, was the pint-sized, highly principalled, cornpipe smoking leader of the Yokum clan.
		Her lethal right undercut, sometimes called the "good night Irene punch" helped her uphold law, order and decency.
		No part of this site or individual page may be published, broadcast, copied or otherwise reproduced or distributed without the prior written permission of Capp Enterprises, Inc.
	www.lil-abner.com /mammy.html (94 words)

	ARF: Notes and Comments: THING-FISH: The Mammy Nuns
		I've never heard it before but it's supposed to be a true classic.
		Zappa's Mammy Nun character is without question influenced by Jolson's embarrasing display of the racism popular at the time, and by the stereotypes in general which allowed Jolson and minstral shows to prosper.
		The 'MAMMY NUN' costumes resemble the habits of some unknown order from the neck to the waist, with skirts patterened after the blue & white checkered napkin material favored by the lady on the 'Aunt Jemima' Pancake Box.
	www.arf.ru /Notes/Tfish/mnuns.html (959 words)

	MY MAMMY
		MY MAMMY (Walter Donaldson / Sam M. Lewis / Joe Young) Recorded by : John Arpin; Eddie Cantor; Brian Conley; The Everly Brothers; Eddie Fisher; Happenings; Ted Heath; Al Jolson; Jerry Lewis; Liza Minnelli; Norfolk Jazz & Jubilee Quartets; Tony Pastor; Peerless Quartet; Kenny Rogers; Jimmy Roselli; Slappin' Mammys; Pete Wending; Paul Whiteman Orchestra.
		I'm comin', Hope and trust that I'm not late, oh oh oh Mammy, My little Mammy, I'd walk a million miles For one of your smiles, My Mammy!
		(SUNG) My little Mammy, My heartstrings are tangled around Alabammy.
	lyricsplayground.com /alpha/songs/m/mymammy.shtml (158 words)

	African American Original Dolls by JoAnn Bernard, Essay accompanying The Mammy rocking Baby Doll
		describes the importance of "The Mammy" to Southern Culture, and contains a short poem by JoAnn Bernard
		She was firm when needed and gentle when our broken hearts needed mending
		She was Mammy, our Mammy, her loving care will be with us always
	www.southernelegance.net /doll-cd-mammie.html (199 words)

	YouTube - Mammy's Interrogation
		Shot at The Midnight Revue, June 10 2006.
		MidnightRevue comedy funny film noir mammy (more) (less)
		The Rise and Fall of Film Noir 1
	youtube.com /watch?v=t9tuWNYzLPA (117 words)

	eBay Store - MAMMY MAGNETS and MORE: Animal Magnets, CELEBRITY MAGNETS, Black Americana Label Magnets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		MAMMY MAGNET - Welcome Friends Mammy - Ship FREE!
		MAMMY MAGNET - Welcome Friends - Ship FREE!
		Use of this Web site constitutes acceptance of the eBay User Agreement and Privacy Policy.
	stores.ebay.com /MAMMY-MAGNETS-and-MORE (428 words)

	Mammy Brush
		Shipping outside United States: Quoted at time of purchase
		Description: This very rare and wonderful "Mammy Brush" was made in the 1930s-40s.
		It is 4 1/4" in height and is made of wood.
	www.goantiques.com /detail,mammy-brush,1018370.html (136 words)

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