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	Managed intensive grazing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		One hallmark of MIG systems is rotational grazing, that is, the practice of dividing up available pasture into multiple smaller areas, called paddocks, and then moving the animals from one paddock to the next after a number of days.
		The grazier manages the grazing by determining the number, size, and layout of the paddocks, when to move animals from one paddock to the next, and when to cut hay or provide supplemental feed.
		One of the key concepts in MIG is the grazing wedge, which is the range of sward heights where the forage grows most rapidly.
	en.wikipedia.org /?title=Managed_intensive_grazing (283 words)

	Managed intensive grazing -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Managed Intensive Grazing (MIG) is the practice of using rotational (The act of brushing against while passing) grazing and careful, usually daily, management to get optimal production.
		The technique is applied with herds of (Woolly usually horned ruminant mammal related to the goat) sheep, (Domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age) cattle, and occasionally other (Any of various cud-chewing hoofed mammals having a stomach divided into four (occasionally three) compartments) ruminants.
		The (A rancher who grazes cattle or sheep for market) grazier manages the grazing by determining the number, size, and layout of the paddocks, when to move animals from one paddock to the next, and when to cut hay or provide supplemental feed.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/ma/managed_intensive_grazing.htm (268 words)

	The Social Implications of Management Intensive Rotational Grazing: An Annotated Bibliography
		In brief, these concerns include: the effects of grazing on rural communities (93); the interplay between gender and labor on dairy farms (94, 103, 104); the institutional relationships between graziers, the academy, and the state (95, 99, 102); and the status of and problems faced by grazing networks in Wisconsin (96-98, 100).
		Grazing herds are nearly a third the size of non-grazing herds, and grazing cows produce on average 3000 lbs.
		Using experimental data from an intensively grazed pasture as well as a review of the literature on the topic, the researchers determine that even with a relatively low stocking rate of 200 cows/ha, the concentration of nitrates in the leachate beneath the pasture could be as high as 10 mg/liter.
	www.cias.wisc.edu /bibliog2.php (15826 words)

	ID-74: Planning Fencing Systems for Intensive Grazing Management
		Intensive grazing may result in better utilization of Kentucky's forage resources.
		Proper grazing management is a key to keeping pasture economical.
		A system of controlled grazing will give pasture plants time to resupply their storehouses and rebuild their "factories." In short-duration grazing the pasture is fenced into many sub-pastures, each grazed for a short period and then given adequate rest periods for regrowth.
	www.ca.uky.edu /agc/pubs/id/id74/id74.htm (3366 words)

	Pasture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Pasture is land with lush herbaceous vegetation cover used for grazing of ungulates as part of a farm or ranch.
		Advances in managed intensive grazing (MIG), and improvements in fence technology, led to renewed interest in grazing in the 1990s.
		Alfalfa, clover, and birdsfoot trefoil are legumes that are used in intensive pasture management.
	hallencyclopedia.com /Pasture (486 words)

	Managed Grazing in Riparian Areas
		They further noted that 46% of the riparian areas managed by the BLM were "functioning at risk," another 20% were "non-functioning," and that "riparian areas continue to decline." In large part, they attributed this decline in riparian health to the increased number of cattle on western rangelands (Belsky et al., 1999).
		Grazing management practices should be designed to work with an animal's natural preferences and instincts (Leonard et al., 1997).
		Grazing groups provide an excellent opportunity to learn from the experience of others, while providing you with the opportunity to ask questions about practices you are trying out on your farm.
	www.attra.org /attra-pub/managedgraze.html (7631 words)

	1997 Kellogg Farm Report - Rotational Grazing
		Farmers' interest in the practice of managed intensive rotational grazing is due to its lower input costs, lower capital investments, reduced labor requirements, improved quality of family life, and reduced environmental impacts.
		Managed rotational grazing began immediately following the staging period, beginning at the end of the pasture that had not been grazed for 20 days.
		In 1997, steers grazing alfalfa pastures averaged 542 lb/A and birdsfoot trefoil pastured steers averaged 459 lb/A. In 1995, three steers were lost to bloat in the alfalfa pastures and one in the birdsfoot trefoil pastures.
	www.kbs.msu.edu /Research_Facilities/Farm/Reports/1997/rotgraz.htm (1160 words)

	SARE Reporting System: FNE01-376: 2002 Final Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		However, in MIG operations where grass is often the only crop produced, the inflow of nutrients onto the farm from grains and fertilizer is greater than those exported in the form of milk.
		Brigid’s Farm is a managed intensive grazing dairy at the headwaters of Morgan Creek in the Chesapeake Bay watershed.
		Could a managed intensive grazing operation minimize nutrient accumulation, especially phosphorus and what would be the cost to the producer to export the manure and import the necessary nitrogen.
	www.sare.org /reporting/report_viewer.asp?pn=FNE01-376&ry=2002&rf=1 (736 words)

	Intensive Grazing/Seasonal Dairying: Chapter 10 Economic Patterns and Labor Utilization
		In an intensive grazing system, animals are confined to a small area of pasture (or paddock) which is grazed heavily for a short period of time.
		Intensive grazing allows a paddock to be grazed four to six times during a season, depending on pasture characteristics, weather conditions, and livestock stocking rates (see University of Wisconsin-Extension, 1992, for a more complete description of production practices used in intensive grazing).
		Intensive grazing may be a means for some dairy farms to increase profitability.
	ohioline.osu.edu /rb1190/b1190_12.html (4438 words)

	Calf Connection
		Managed intensive grazing requires that heifers be moved regularly to fresh pasture.
		Before delving into grazing your replacements, assess whether your dairy and your management team are ready for the change.
		Dairy managers must be committed to grazing and the entire farm management team must support it for a successful transition from confinement to grazing.
	www.dairybusiness.com /northeast/Mar01/calfconnect.htm (595 words)

	Vermont Crops and Soils : University of Vermont
		The objective of these studies were to determine the grazing behavior of milking cows under management intensive grazing to possible influence the cows so they graze more high-quality forage, use less energy to graze, and produce more milk with less supplementation.
		They grazed near the fence (within a meter) 24% of the time even though this area is less than 24% of the total; time grazing near the fence had no apparent relationship with social hierarchy.
		This prompted intensive grazing that last two hours when normally, the cows would not be grazing.
	pss.uvm.edu /vtcrops?Page=research/pasture/DairyCow.html (241 words)

	Managed intensive grazing - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Managed intensive grazing - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Managed Intensive Grazing (MIG) is the practice of using rotational grazing and careful, usually daily, management to get optimal production.
		The basis of MIG systems is rotational grazing, that is, the practice of dividing up available pasture into multiple smaller areas, called paddocks, and then moving the animals from one paddock to the next after a number of days.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Managed_intensive_grazing (256 words)

	Pasture Research at the University of Vermont (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The cows have averaged 75-80 lbs.milk/day at the beginning of each grazing season in May and finished at 35-45 lbs./day in mid to late September.
		Managed Intensive Grazing (Voisin system) has been utilized every year, with 70-75 cows grazing each 1 acre paddock for a 12 hour period.
		After that, they rebound to 1.36 Mcal/kg and 25% CP and remain in that range for the remainder of the grazing season (through mid to late September) as long as the grasses are maintained in a vegetative state by either grazing or clipping.
	pss.uvm.edu /vtcrops/research/pasture/Nutritional.html (458 words)

	Custom Livestock Grazing
		Managed intensive grazing focuses on plant developement for optimum forage quality and production.
		In 2002 we are seeding previous crop land to a mixture of spring seeded cereal crops, of oats, barley and fall rye.
		By strip grazing, we can use a team of horses to move our fence every few days, eliminating the need to start a tractor everyday in the winter.
	members.tripod.com /rxshires/id5.html (329 words)

	Great Lakes Basin Program Projects
		Management Intensive Grazing (MIG) systems offer livestock management techniques that are environmentally sound and low-cost by maintaining land grass cover which functions as a natural filter.
		With intensive management, animals are allowed to eat the grass and then moved off to another area.
		Continue to educate policymakers on the benefits of MIG in order to create or enhance policy initiatives that are favorable to managed grazing
	www.glc.org /basin/project.html?id=157 (629 words)

	Ohio Pasture for Profit Schools: Designing a Successful Format for Grazing Courses
		An Ohio Integrated Forage Management (IFM) team of state specialists and Extension agents was formed in 1994 to focus educational programs on improving profitability of Ohio farmers while enhancing the environment through efficient utilization of forages.
		Grazing systems included forage species to be used, paddock layout, and fence and water system materials.
		When the grazing school graduates were asked what they thought about MIG after the school, 94% planned on implementing MIG and the respondents thought it was possible to significantly increase net return to the operation.
	www.joe.org /joe/1997april/iw3.html (807 words)

	Encyclopedia: Managed intensive grazing
		People who viewed "Managed intensive grazing" also viewed:
		Grazing is the regular consumption of part of one organism without killing it by another organism.
		A ruminant is any hooved animal that digests its food in two steps, first by eating the raw material and regurgitating a semi-digested form known as cud, then eating the cud.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Managed-intensive-grazing (428 words)

	Dixon Prairie Bromegrass (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		It is best suited to controlled grazing systems as well as hay and silage production.
		If grazing, it is best to leave at least 4 inches of stubble.
		The possibility of stand loss due to winterkill is greater for regions that typically have long periods of below freezing temperatures without snow cover.
	www.ampacseed.com /dixon.htm (338 words)

	SARE Reporting System: FNE98-197: 1998 Annual Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The purpose of this demonstration project was to introduce dairy farmers to rotational grazing, or refine the skills of those already practicing it.
		The environmental as well as the economic benefits of rotational grazing were stressed, specifically, how soil testing and proper nutrient management can be used to minimize the adverse effects of dairy farming on surface and ground waters.
		The production data from this project however show no such slump, apparently because the rotational grazing system was able to provide a consistently good diet to the animals, and because particular attention was given to assuring a supply of water in each paddock.
	www.sare.org /reporting/report_viewer.asp?pn=FNE98-197&ry=1998&rf=0 (270 words)

	Small farms, big ideas: Managed-intensive grazing reduces dependence on hay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		He is currently trying to perfect a system of cool-season grasses, warm-season grasses, and legumes to ensure his cattle always have access to high-quality forage.
		During the ice storm in early 2002, which was the worst in the Kansas City area’s history, a thick layer of ice prevented the cattle from grazing for three days.
		In general, managed-intensive grazing improves a farm’s soil structure and water quality, since the plants help prevent erosion and runoff.
	www.hartcreek.com /smallfarms/craft.htm (702 words)

	Video - INTENSIVE GRAZING SYSTEM BENEFITTING IOLA RANCHER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Grazing 100 head of cattle on just 54 acres might raise the eyebrows of a few ranchers, but Gene Sollock of Iola is proving it can be done thanks to an intensive grazing management program.
		Gene Sollock, rancher: I actually started this grazing system about 25 years ago after having read a whole lot of materials and everything on rotational grazing, then I began to think ‘well, that looks like there might be some advantages in doing it and work there.'
		Sollock's managed intensive grazing system utilizes 54 acres that are divided into 2 acre pastures.
	agnews.tamu.edu /dailynews/stories/SOIL/video/May1701a.htm (341 words)

	Grazing Initiative (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Managed Intensive Grazing is when livestock are moved frequently among pasture divisions based on forage quality, quantity and livestock nutrition needs.
		Mary C. Anderson, River Country Grazing Specialist, is a leading force in the grazing movement.
		Throughout the 4 years of the program, she has planned and implemented over 7500 acres of grazing lands and has contacted and provided service to over 1000 landowners.
	www.rivercountryrcd.org /grazing.htm (202 words)

	Illini DairyNet: Paper Display: Great Lakes Grazing Network...
		Illinois dairy farms using intensive grazing systems are invited to participate.
		There are a number of different definitions for grazing.Â The following statements describe farmers who are participating in this project.
		Dairy farming is the primary farming enterprise as determined by 85 percent of gross sales or milk sales and dairy livestock sales combined are 90 percent or your gross farm income.
	www.traill.uiuc.edu /dairynet/paperDisplay.cfm?ContentID=382 (168 words)

	Untitled Document
		The program will target farmers who are new to grazing and those who are already members of the North Central Grazers Network.
		Funds will help the project staff develop learning modules for grazers at various levels of the grazing learning curve, establish a mentoring program between experienced and beginning grazers, develop a newsletter and a grazers handbook, and work with lending libraries to make grazing resources easier to obtain.
		The project will establish two demonstration farms, one to highlight the use of native grasses and one to investigate the ecological and economic advantages of cattle reducing woody vegetation and reed canary grass along a stream.
	www.uwrf.edu /wiglci/2001grants.htm (692 words)

	ipedia.com: Monoculture Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Extensive monoculture of fruits, cucurbits, alfalfa seed and other crops tends to produce pollination problems, because pollinators cannot use all the resources available during bloom, and they may starve during the rest of the season.
		Such pollination problems are solved by pollination management.
		Local food systems may also encourage growing multiple species and a wide variety of crops at the same time and same place.
	www.ipedia.com /monoculture.html (482 words)

	Improved Managed Intensive Grazing - The Ohio State University Precision Agriculture
		Improved Managed Intensive Grazing - The Ohio State University Precision Agriculture
		By automating the movement of the fence break-wire in a managed intensive grazing system, livestock will improve grazing efficiency and reduce the amount of damage to pasture.
		The break - wire movement will be at frequent intervals over shorter distances depending on number of livestock and dry-matter density in the pasture.
	precisionag.osu.edu /research/2003/0306.html (166 words)

	AgriHelp - Meet your agriculture neighbors from around the world with the same interests and same problems. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		I am interested in hearing from anyone using intensive grazing on their properties.
		We have 150 cattle and raise wheat and oats.
		We have a small commercial cattle operation and are very interested in fall calving and intensive grazing.
	www.agrihelp.com /agneighb.htm (13427 words)

	A Comparison of Profitability and Economic Efficiencies Between Management-Intensive Grazing and Conventionally Managed ...
		A Comparison of Profitability and Economic Efficiencies Between Management-Intensive Grazing and Conventionally Managed Dairies in Michigan -- Dartt et al.
		Articles by Dartt, B. Articles by Kaneene, J. A Comparison of Profitability and Economic Efficiencies Between Management-Intensive Grazing and Conventionally Managed Dairies in Michigan
		distribution of MIG and conventionally managed farms in this
	www.dairy-science.org /cgi/content/abstract/82/11/2412 (299 words)

	Seedbank diversity in grazing lands of the Northeast United States by Benjamin F. Tracy and Matt A. Sanderson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Seedbank diversity in grazing lands of the Northeast United States by Benjamin F. Tracy and Matt A. Sanderson
		Our objective was to quantify the soil seed bank composition of pastures managed for intensive grazing and hay production.
		If a manager seeks to establish diverse, mixed-species pasture, then re-seeding pastures with desired mixes may be the best option.
	uvalde.tamu.edu /jrm/jan00/tracy.htm (278 words)

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