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Topic: Manchester martyrs

	Manchester Martyrs
		The Manchester Martyrs rest to date in a mass grave, with all other remains transferred and cremated from Strangeways Prison.
		The National Graves Association has a special connection with the Manchester Martyrs – two of our founders were involved in the rescue of Col. Kelly and Capt. Deasy in September 1867, which led to the executions of Allen, Larkin and O’Brien.
		The Manchester Martyrs were buried in quicklime in Strangeways Prison, which for Irish people was the final indignity.
	www.nga.ie /manchester_martyrs1.htm (743 words)

	19th C. M'cr & Salford
		Manchester did not see its first municipal park until 1868 and the city has never caught up in its provision of park space for the use of the general public.
		Manchester and Salford's cellar dwellings were the root of most health problems, and became a national disgrace.
		Trade continued to boom, and with the construction of the Manchester Ship Canal and the docks at Salford, the city became an industrial meeting point for all major routes and was receiving raw materials for the whole north west of England, as well as being the main distribution point for manufactured goods being exported out.
	www.ourwardfamily.com /19th_c_.htm (2633 words)

	The O'Brien Clan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		On 18 September 1867 a police van conveying two Finian prisoners, Col. Kelly and Capt. Deasy, to Manchester jail was attacked by armed men.
		Allen said he was born and reared in Bandon, Co. Cork; O'brien said he was born in Cork and was a citizen of the United States.
		All three were condemned to death and publicly hanged at Manchester Jail on 23 November 1867.
	www.obrienclan.com /history/martyrs.htm (158 words)

	Ireland's OWN: Women Freedom Fighters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Whether you look to the Manchester Martyrs in 1867, the ten hunger strikers in 1981 or many others like Terence McSwiney, Michael Gaughan and Frank Stagg, you will see a dedicated commitment and a courage that is hard to match.
		The Irish in Manchester (a tenth of the population at the time) suffered at the hands of the British that night as raids took place all over the city and many people were arrested - simply because they were Irish.
		The foundation stone of this memorial to the Manchester martyrs was laid in 1898 by James Stephens and was erected in 1901.
	irelandsown.net /josephine2.html (2104 words)

	THE MANCHESTER MARTYRS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In the early hours of the Eleventh of September, 1867, Colonel Thomas Kelly and Captain Timothy Deasy were arrested in the centre of Manchester on a vagrancy charge.
		On the Eighteenth of September, the two prisoners were conveyed from the Court House in Manchester to the County Jail on Hyde Road, West Gorton.
		In St. Ann's Church, St.Ann's Square, Manchester, is a plaque to the memory of Sergeant Brett.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /d.a.ratcliffe/lhg/vol6/martyrs.htm (467 words)

	The Wild Geese Today -- Book Reviews
		In the 1860s, there was the prosecution of the Irishmen known as the "Manchester Martyrs" for their part in the "Manchester Rescue," a venture that resulted in the killing (murder, the British authorities called it) of a policeman.
		Manchester's role in the struggle is traced further, including the so-called "skirmishing" bomb attacks by the Fenians in the 1880s -- one of which apparently targeted the armory of a British army barracks in Salford, though the only casualties were a civilian woman and child.
		It was June 1996, and the ceasefire that had been maintained for 18 months came under strain, with political pressure mounting on the IRA to disarm -- or "decommission," in the favored euphemism of the negotiating parties.
	www.thewildgeese.com /pages/bkrevu2.html (1322 words)

	English Martyrs Catholic Church (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		After two years as parish priest of English Martyrs Father Charles Rothwell was appointed as administrator to Salford Cathedral, and Father James Corkery was appointed parish priest of the Urmston Mission.
		A new parish was to be established in Lostock; on Saturday 4th June 1938 Bishop Henshaw blessed and laid the foundation stone of the new Mission of St Hugh of Lincoln.
		News of the proposed establishing of a new parish in the Flixton area of English Martyrs was received in June 1950.
	www.church.englishmartyrs.info /history.htm (1944 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		September 16, 1867 -- Five Fenian revolutionaries arrested in Manchester for involvement in the killing of a Sergeant Brett during an attempt to rescue fellow Fenians from a police van.
		In the end, three of the five "Manchester Martyrs" would he hanged on November 23, 1867; another was sentenced to life in prison; the fifth, Maguire, was set free.
		But even if the verdict of the Manchester jury and the evidence it rests upon had not been tainted by the British Government itself, the latter would now have to choose between the bloody-handed practices of old Europe and the magnanimous humanity of the young Transatlantic Republic.
	eserver.org /marx/1864-international/1867-fenians.manchester.txt (280 words)

	Manchester Martyrs - tScholars.com
		The Manchester Martyrs, were Irish nationalists who were executed for the murder of a policeman while during a prison break.
		William O'Mera Allen, Michael Larking, and William Goold (aka O'Brien) were hanged in Manchester, England November 23rd, 1867.
		These men were caught and convicted for their rescue of Colonel Thomas J. Kelly and Captain Timothy Deasy.
	www.tscholars.com /encyclopedia/Manchester_Martyrs (642 words)

	Without Gods: Dying for Jesus
		As for martyrs "witnessing," that's definitely a good definition for the Christian martyrs (the first to be referred to as such) who died because they refused Roman orders to stop witnessing for Christ.
		I don't know if the martyr necessarily wants to die, but simply prefers death to the alternatives--abandonment of or betrayal of principles, faith, ideals, nation, cause, etc. I wish I remembered the source of this quote, but I read somewhere that martyrdom is death with a specific intent.
		Probably the easiest is to accept as "martyrs" those who used martyrdom as part of some cause; viewed martyrdom as an ideal; or were considered martyrs by their compatriots.
	www.futureofthebook.org /mitchellstephens/archives/2006/09/dying_for_jesus.html (1867 words)

	The Manchester Martyrs
		This week our Anniversary is not of thinkers, but of doers, of men who when a duty was to be done did not stop to think, but acted, and by their action violated every rule of prudence, sanity, and caution, and in violating them all obeyed the highest dictates of wisdom and achieved immortality.
		The Fenians of Manchester rose superior to all the whines about prudence, caution and restraint, and saw only two of their countrymen struck at for loyalty to freedom, and seeing this, struck back at the enemy with blows that are still resounding through the heart of the world.
		Therefore we honour the memory of the Manchester Martyrs.
	easyweb.easynet.co.uk /~rcgfrfi/ww/connolly/1915-tmm.htm (1104 words)

	WCML Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Karl Marx in Manchester by Edmund and Ruth Frow.
		William Morris in Manchester and Salford by Edmund and Ruth Frow.
		Manchester and Salford Chartists by Eddie and Ruth Frow.
	www.wcml.org.uk /shop/publications.htm (1171 words)

	James Connolly: Irish Rebels and English Mobs (1913)
		But to the vast multitude – as to that howling mob desecrating the last hours of brave men by their ribald insults and loudmouthed indecency – the name of Irish rebel was like a red rag to a bull.
		But this gathering of the Manchester democracy roared out to these Irish rebels of our day a welcome and a promise – a welcome to them because they had dared and suffered for democracy; a promise to do likewise if the word was only given.
		To this latter-day gathering to be an Irish working class rebel – standing for all and more that the immortal three had stood for – was to possess a passport to their admiration and esteem.
	marxists.anu.edu.au /archive/connolly/1913/11/rebmob.htm (542 words)

	Fenian Brotherhood
		The organization was modelled on that of the Jacobins of the French Revolution; they even formed a "Committee of Public Safety" in Paris, with a number of subsidiary committees and affiliated clubs.
		On September 11, 1867, Colonel Thomas J. Kelly, "Deputy Central Organizer of the Irish Republic," was arrested in Manchester, whither he had gone from Dublin to attend a council of the English centres, together with a companion, Captain Deasy.
		In the same month, November 1867, Richard Burke, who had been employed by the Fenians to purchase arms in Birmingham, was arrested and lodged in Clerkenwell prison in London.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/fe/Fenians.html (1443 words)

	1916 Manchester Martyrs Label
		The three men were convicted for the murder of an unarmed police sergeant, while attempting to free two Fenian leaders being transported from a Manchester courthouse to the county jail.
		The Martyrs labels were printed some fifty years after the executions, at the time of the Easter rising of 1916.
		The idea that the Martyrs labels were issued as Republican stamps was given credence by the inclusion of the design in a series of cigarette cards of famous stamps, included in packs of Godfrey Philips cigarettes.
	www.rarebooks.nd.edu /digital/stamps/irish/set8L/set8L.html (426 words)

	Newshound: Daily Northern Ireland news catalog - Irish News article
		The men – who are commemorated in one of Ireland's most popular songs – were dubbed the Manchester Martyrs after their execution in November 1867 for their alleged role in the death of a policeman during a bid to free two Fenian prisoners in the city.
		The Fenian organisation organised a rescue attempt and an armed attack was organised on a police van carrying the two men to Manchester jail on September 18.
		But NGA Manchester representative Charlie McLauchlan, with the support of Dublin historian Eva O Cathaoir, has discovered that the remains were removed from their prison burial plot in 1991 and reinterred following cremation at Blackley Crematorium in the city.
	www.nuzhound.com /articles/irish_news/arts2003/may14_graves_found.php (426 words)

	Manchester Civic Society \| Awards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Manchester Civic Society Annual Awards are all about good design – a concept that, just like an elephant, is easier to recognise than define.
		He reminded the audience that although he had crossed swords with the Society in the past he was happy to be there, and to be part of moving Manchester forward into the new millennium.
		Richard Harvey, Chairman of Manchester Civic Society, concluded: ‘This year’s awards really highlighted what a design-led city Manchester is. We would like to thank the sponsors Astra Group, Dandara Ltd, Kier North West, Castlefield Estates, The Midland Hotel, Clancy Consulting, and Alfred McAlpine Capital Projects.
	www.manchestercivic.org.uk /awards2004.html (1020 words)

	Manchester Criminals and Murderers of Manchester
		The affair of the so-called 'Manchester Martyrs' came about in 1867, when in the early hours of the 11th September, Colonel Thomas Kelly and Captain Timothy Deasy were arrested in Manchester.
		In St Ann's Church in Manchester there is a plaque to the memory of the unfortunate Sergeant Brett.
		Old habits die hard and by 1888 Jackson was breaking into houses in Manchester, where he was soon caught in the act of burglary again, and was sentenced to a further 6 months in Strangeways Prison.
	www.manchester2002-uk.com /celebs/murderers-manchester.html (2748 words)

	[No title]
		THE MANCHESTER MARTYRS The IRB was reorganised in Manchester in July of 1867 and a supreme council elected.
		Allen, Larkin and O’Brien were hanged for their complicity in the events and they became known as ‘The Manchester Martyrs’.
		CLAN NA GAEL The IRB delegates in Manchester broke away from the feuding factions of Fenianism in America and supported Clan na Gael who were founded there in June of 1867.
	www.ireland-information.com /1916.txt (2332 words)

	Manchester's history of rebellion\|23Sep06\|Socialist Worker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Much of Manchester’s wealth as a city was funded by the slave trade, yet thousands of workers in the city expressed their solidarity with those enslaved by the British.
		Engels’ time in Manchester led him to put the stress on the power of the working class, encouraging Marx to shift his emphasis from the study of radical philosophy to “political economy”.
		Engineers in Manchester were at the centre of strikes and occupations in the 1970s and early 1980s.
	www.socialistworker.co.uk /article.php?article_id=9718 (1519 words)

	Crime and policing in Manchester - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1867, Thomas Kelly was arrested in Manchester on charges of vagrancy but it was soon discovered that he was wanted as a suspected Fenian freedom fighter.
		The hanging of the Manchester Martyrs, as they came to be known, aroused international protest.
		Gun-crime is still a problem in Manchester (some have cynically referred to the city as Gunchester) but a number of initiatives are in place by the Greater Manchester Police to help reduce the number of youths getting involved with gangs and their associated crimes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Crime_and_policing_in_Manchester (319 words)

	Press Release Jan 06 Lord Mayor to speak in Jerusalem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Lord Mayor of Manchester is invited to speak in Jerusalem
		The Lord Mayor of Manchester, Councillor Mohammed Afzal Khan, has been invited to speak in Jerusalem by the Israel Council on Foreign Relations.
		I have been involved in Jewish Muslim relations in Manchester and to be invited to Jerusalem to speak on the subject is a privilege.
	www.manchester.gov.uk /news/2006/jan/Jerusalem.htm (385 words)

	Manchester Martyrs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		To the left of these crosses and behind is the memorial to the Manchester Martyrs, but this is only a memorial.
		The Manchester Martyrs - Allen, Larkin and O’Brien - were executed in 1867 for the death of a policeman during the rescue from custody of two Fenian leaders.
		Unfortunately the remains are supposedly mixed in with the remains of other prisoners and cannot be separately identified.
	www.irishgraves.com /_private/m/manchester_martyrs.htm (126 words)

	ManchesterIrish.com - Events - Other
		This is a most welcome revival of a Manchester Irish tradition.The hanging of the Manchester Martyrs was not something that happpened and faded from memory.
		On the contrary, a generation after the hangings the Manchester Martyrs Memorial Committee was given permission to raise a monument to the three at St Joseph's Cemetery.
		The Manchester heat of the Rose of Tralee contest was held at the Irish Centre in Cheetham Hill on 26th May in front of a packed house.
	www.manchesterirish.com /events/otherevents (944 words)

	The University of Manchester - School of Arts Histories & Cultures
		The Roman Martyrs Project is dedicated to the study of the gesta martyrum, the anonymous martyr romances produced in the city of Rome in the fifth and sixth centuries.
		These are texts which have both literary significance (as a 'missing link' between the ancient novel and medieval romance) and historical import, bearing clues to the relations of affinity among the Roman clergy and laity at the end of antiquity.
		The attached documents give an example of the dossiers held on the Roman martyr tradition in the Roman Martyr Project office--these dossiers are available to other researchers on request.
	www.arts.manchester.ac.uk /cla/projects/romanmartyrsproject (338 words)

	Web design, Hosting - Manchester, Rochdale - Egenica Ltd
		Before his election he was Deputy Head of Yorkshire Martyrs Catholic College, Bradford.
		Race has gained particular expertise in major creative projects for the City of Manchester, including brand development and management for the 2000 Olympic Bid and subsequently for the 2002 Commonwealth Games.
		StreetTV is a new and outstanding communication channel that delivers high impact advertising at ultra low cost and high flexibility.
	www.egenica.com (1182 words)

	JCS Archive: The Manchester Martyrs
		This week our Anniversary is not of thinkers, but of doers, of men who when a duty was to be done did not stop to think, but acted, and by their action violated every rule of prudence, sanity, and caution, and in violating them all obeyed the highest dictates of wisdom and achieved immortality.
		The Fenians of Manchester rose superior to all the whines about prudence, caution and restraint, and saw only two of their countrymen struck at for loyalty to freedom, and seeing this, struck back at the enemy with blows that are still resounding through the heart of the world.
		The Home Rule Party aspire to be trusted accomplices of that conspiracy, the Manchester Martyrs were its unyielding foes even to the dungeon and the scaffold.
	www.wageslave.org /jcs/archive/151120b.html (1078 words)

	The University of Manchester - School of Arts Histories & Cultures
		Dr Pilsworth is presently a fellow in the Centre for Late Antiquity and the Wellcome Unit for the History of Medicine Research at the University of Manchester.
		Professor Fouracre is presently Professor of Medieval History at the University of Manchester and co-ordinating editor of the journal 'Early Medieval Europe'.
		Dr Loosley is presently a Lecturer in Art History at the University of Manchester and Director of the Dayr Mar Elian Archaeological Project.
	www.arts.manchester.ac.uk /cla/people (576 words)

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