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Topic: Manchuguo

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	Kantogun - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Although the Kantogun was nominally subordinate to the Japanese High Command, its leadership demonstrated significant self-determination, as conspirators in the Army plotted the assassination of Zhang Zuolin in 1928 and the Manchurian Incident (1931) leading to the foundation of Manchuguo in 1932.
		The Army was heavily augmented, by up to 700,000 troops in 1941, to defend the whole territory of Manchuria and Inner Mongolia.
		To cope with the Soviet invasion, the Kantogun planned to form the defence line near Xinjing, which had become the capital of Manchuguo, but Emperor of Japan Hirohito ordered them to surrender before the main defensive engagement took place.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kwantung_Army (549 words)

	[No title]
		After the founding of Manchuguo in 1934, Japanese missionaries from different Buddhist sects gradually arrived, and a number of semi Buddhist organizations, such as the Central Buddhist Society for Universal Salvation (Zhongyangpqjifqjiaohui), were established.
		In 1934, the Civil Affairs Ministry of Manchuguo invited Ruguang to lead a Buddhist delegation to participate in the Pan-Pacific Buddhist Youth Conference in Tokyo, and he was elected vice president of the International Young Buddhist Society, which was newly founded at the conference.
		Manchuguo (Manzhou guofojiao zhonghui in 1937 and Ruguang was elected the chairman.
	www.epwijnants-lectures.com /aryanbuddha2.html (11602 words)

	We Aren't Close to Doing for Iraq What We Did in Japan
		Manchuguo, in contrast to Japan's earlier colonization of Taiwan and Korea, may be viewed as an early initiative toward a post-colonial world.
		However, Japan's failed effort to quell forces pressing for independence in Manchuguo and its extension of the war to all China and beyond brought militarization, repression and eventually defeat not only to the colonies and war zones, but also to Japan.
		Manchuguo well exemplifies what the Japanese called naimen shidô, secret but comprehensive direction from within which produced certain results but simultaneously fueled resistance.
	hnn.us /articles/5873.html (5050 words)

	Guandong Army (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Although the Army was nominally subordinate to the Japanese High Command, conspirators of the Army plotted the assassination of Zhang Zoulin in 1928 and the Manchurian Incident (1931) leading to the foundation of Manchuguo in 1932.
		The Guandong Army was largely augmented, up to 700,000 in 1941, to defend the whole territory of Manchuria.
		To cope with the Soviet invasion, the Army planned to form the defence line near the capital of Manchuguo, but the Emperor of Japan Hirohito ordered them to surrender before the main defensive engagement took place.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/g/gu/guandong_army.html (322 words)

	Untitled Document
		In 1932 Japan turned Manchuria into MANCHUGUO, a nominally independent state ruled from modern Changchun, capital of Jilin, by PU YI the last Manchu emperor.
		Manchuguo was founded to serve Tokyo's economic, political and strategic interests.
		After 1931, the creation of Manchuguo ended all forms of Chinese authority northeast of the Wall.
	www.upf.edu /materials/huma/central/historia/asiaweb/seminari/0203/materials/hutchings/p278.htm (2712 words)

	Notes From Ground Zero: Power, Equity and Postwar Reconstruction in Two Eras (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Manchuguo well exemplifies the failure to gain support for the secret but comprehensive policy directions from within that produced certain economic results but simultaneously fueled intense resistance.
		We will note that in certain respects the role of the U.S. and the international community in postwar Afghanistan and Iraq more closely resembles Japanese approaches in Manchuguo than it does U.S.-led postwar reconstruction of Japan, but with none of the programs promoting industry and agriculture that Japan pioneered.
		Extensive negotiations involving Japanese and occupation authorities eventually hammered out an approach through which Japan's chronic tenancy problem was eliminated and foundations laid for economic development.
	69.44.62.160 /fora/security/0425A_Selden.html (5157 words)

	EC403 Japan Lecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Leading politicians in favor of civilian control were often assassinated by young officers, and the Japanese military came to dominate Japan's government.
		In 1931, Japan took control of Manchuria, the northeast portion of China, and set up a puppet government called Manchuguo under the last Manchu Emperor, who had abdicated as a boy.
		In 1937, Japan invaded China proper, crossing the Marco Polo Bridge in Beijing into North China and also attacking along the East, moving from Shanghai upriver to the Chinese Republican capital of Nanjing, forcing the Chinese to move their capital upriver to Chongqing, in Sichuan province.
	unr.edu /homepage/elliottp/EC403Japan.html (1811 words)

	uighur-l The Colonial Status of Uyghurs in East Turkistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Chinese history clearly teaches that Manchu dynasty was imposed foreign rule against the will of the Chinese people and any Chinese attempt to overthrow the Manchu Qing dynasty was patriotic...i.e..
		Puyi, the last emperor of Manchu Qing dynasty, established a Manchu state (Manchuguo) with the support of Japanese in 1936.
		Puyi wanted to separate his people, the Manchus, from the Chinese and decided to establish a Manchu state in their ancestral land of Manchuria.
	www.mail-archive.com /uighur-l@taklamakan.org/msg02057.html (798 words)

	Dalian - Freepedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		After the Russo-Japanese war Port Arthur was conceded to Japan (Treaty of Portsmouth), who set up the Kwantung Leased Territory or Guandongzhou.
		Since the foundation of Manchuguo in 1932, the sovereignty of the territory moved from China to Manchuguo.
		In 1937, the modern Dalian City was enlarged and modernized by the Japanese as two cities: the northern Dairen (Dalian) and the southern Ryojun (Lushun).
	en.freepedia.org /Luda.html (819 words)

	Jilin / Jilinwula, Jilin; Jilinwula
		Most of the rainfall, which decreases as one goes west, occurs between May and September.
		The province, which was founded in 1907, formed part of the puppet state of Manchuguo after the Japanese occupation.
		In 1945 Russian troops marched into Jilin, followed by Chinese nationalists, who were subsequently driven out by the Communists in 1948.
	www.planetware.com /jilin/jilin-jilinwula-chn-jl-jl.htm (214 words)

	VirtualTourist.com - mke1963's Heilongjiang Sheng Travel Page
		But all was to change so quickly, when the Japanese imperial forces declared independence in 1932 for Manchuguo, as they called Manchuria.
		The xenophobic Japanese military rule, viewed with horror even by many in Tokyo, saw the start of a time of horror in Heilongjiang that lasted a generation.
		Manchuguo was ruled by an iron fist from Mukden (Shenyang).
	members.virtualtourist.com /m/68d05/5b1 (1852 words)

	Manchukuo -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - Your gateway to all Britannica has to offer! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Puppet state created in 1932 by Japan out of the three historic provinces of Manchuria.
		or Manchuguo After the Russo-Japanese War (1895), Japan gained control of the Russian-built South Manchurian Railway, and its army established a presence in the area; expansion in Manchuria was seen as necessary for Japan's status as an emerging world power.
		In 1931 the Japanese army created an excuse to attack Chinese troops there, and in 1932 Manchukuo was proclaimed an independent state.
	concise.britannica.com /ebc/article-9371137 (655 words)

	China Inner Mongolia travel guide - HISTORY
		The Russians set up a protectorate over the north, while the rest came effectively under the control of China.
		In the 1930s, Japan occupied much of eastern Inner Mongolia as part of Manchuguo, and the Chinese Communists also maintained a strong presence.
		In 1945 Stalin persuaded Chiang Kaishek to recognize the independence of Outer Mongolia under Soviet protection as part of the Sino-Soviet anti-Japanese treaty, effectively sealing the fate of what then became the Mongolian People's Republic.
	www.chinastage.com /travel-guide/Inner-Mongolia/history.html (960 words)

	EastSouthWestNorth: An Ambiguous Nation
		After the establishment of Manchuguo, order was restored and the economy improved.
		The new capital of Manchuguo became a prosperous city, and even the investigative team from The League of Nations gave it a good review." He also said that Japan paid a heavy price to "liberate" China, and his own elder brother died in battle.
		Concerning the future of Sino-Japanese relationship, he said: "The problem in Sino-Japanese relationship is due to China continuously promoting anti-Japanese ideas.
	www.zonaeuropa.com /20050407_2.htm (2056 words)

	Kwantung Leased Territory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Approximately 100,000 Japanese nationals lived in the city in 1930.
		After the foundation of Manchuguo in 1932, Japan regarded that the sovereignty of the leased territory was transferred from China to Manchuguo.
		A new lease agreement was contracted between Japan and the puppet government of Manchuguo, and Japan retained the territory apart from the nominally independent Manchuguo until the defeat of the World War II in 1945.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/K/Kwantung-Leased-Territory.htm (293 words)

	Talk:Main Page/Archive 12 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		I think that this anniversary is important enough for the main page.
		Hi, i think Manchuguo on the Anniversary column was now an off-topic.
		Anniversaries listed get bumped further down the list each day with more current items.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Main_Page/Archive_12 (1953 words)

	New Mongols: Man Bites Dog
		Halh often seem to view Inner Mongolians as Chinese rather than as Mongols, though.
		One more: In the run-up to the soviet offensive of August 1945 against Japan and its allies (namely Manchuguo and Mengjiang), in which Mongolian troops took part, pan-mongolian propaganda clearly played a role.
		IIRC, there was a speech by Choibalsan where he urged all Mongolian tribes (including those of Inner Mongolia, like Ordos, Tumed or Chahar) to rise up and expel the foreign invaders.
	newmongols.blogspot.com /2005/06/man-bites-dog.html (874 words)

	phorum - Our World Forum at Asiawind - Surrenderists are not globalists
		It is this common mentality shared by surrenderists that I am making the criticism.
		They include this old 'friend', John mak, Lee Teng Hui, Wu Sangui, Aisinjuero Puyi (as puppet emperor of Manchuguo).
		They may be different in degrees of involvement, but their "Stockhom" syndrome is horrifying.
	www.asiawind.com /forums/read.php?f=3&i=150470&t=150075 (876 words)

	Windows on Asia
		Soviet troops were used to put down this rebellion and the collectivization was reversed.
		The mid-thirties saw renewed Japanese pressure and threat, especially with the Japanese conquest of Manchuria and the formation of Manchuguo (the home of the Manchus).
		The Soviets worked to maintain Mongolia as a buffer state between themselves and Japan, strengthening the army and economy.
	www.isp.msu.edu /asianstudies/wbwoa/eastasia/Mongolia/history.html (4856 words)

	collect.at Antiques and unique Collectibles Japanese Funeral in Manchuguo with Chinese priest
		collect.at Antiques and unique Collectibles Japanese Funeral in Manchuguo with Chinese priest
		Street Scene: Japanese Funeral in Manchuguo with Chinese priest, 105 x 75
		For more information, please visit this products webpage.
	www.collect.at /japanese-funeral-manchuguo-with-chinese-priest-p-843.html?osCsid=f2c100ce6b04ac170a9283cebee2f695 (79 words)

	[KS] Korean Borders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Dear Associates, I would like to take on this issue of the Chinese-Korean border seriously.
		What I would like first of all is a historical record of all changes and modifications in the borders between China, Manchuria (Manchuguo), Korea (North and South) and Russia.
		The question is, 1) what are the concrete examples of changes in the borders between the Ming dynasty and the present and what was the historical/political context for each.
	koreaweb.ws /pipermail/koreanstudies_koreaweb.ws/2004-January/004117.html (209 words)

	China Excursions - Destination Guides , Hotel & Travel Information
		Pu Yi continued to live in the Forbidden City until 1924 when he was forced to leave by the warlord, Feng Yu-hsiang.
		After spending some years in the Japanese legation in Tianjin Pu Yi became infamous as first the Chief Executive and, in 1934, the Emperor of Manchuguo, the new nation created in Manchuria by the Japanese.
		The only countries to recognize the legality of this nation were Japan, Italy and Germany.
	www.chinaexcursions.com /index.php?module=subjects&func=viewpage&pageid=34 (896 words)

	[KS] Korean Borders
		Gari Ledyard On Fri, 23 Jan 2004, Emanuel Yi Pastreich wrote: > Dear Associates, > > I would like to take on this issue of the Chinese-Korean border seriously.
		> What I would like first of all is a historical record of all changes and > modifications in the borders between China, Manchuria (Manchuguo), Korea > (North and South) and Russia.
		The > question is, 1) what are the concrete examples of changes in the borders > between the Ming dynasty and the present and what was the > historical/political context for each.
	koreaweb.ws /pipermail/koreanstudies_koreaweb.ws/2004-January/004123.html (2779 words)

	EastSouthWestNorth: That Japanese History Textbook, 2001 vs. 2005
		The Conflict Between China and Japan at the Marco Polo Bridge The Japanese army including the local Kantogun army needed to sustain Manchuguo and to establish an economic zone, and therefore they planned to set up authorities which will not be under the direction of Chiang Kai-shek in the northern China areas next to Manchuria.
		In 1936, Zhang Xueliang took Chiang Kai-shek hostage in Xian and made Chiang promise to stop the civil war and fight against Japan together (the Xian incident).
		From the Marco Polo Bridge to the Japanese-Chinese War On the other side, the Japanese army had to sustain Manchuguo and protect the resources and therefore it set up pro-Japan authorities in the neighboring areas in northern China.
	www.zonaeuropa.com /20050512_2.htm (2062 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Chronicles \| Short-lived peace (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Unfortunately, the rise to the zenith is frequently followed by a descent to the nadir, which is precisely what occurred during the following decade when dreams of peace dissipated as the world plunged inexorably towards war.
		In 1931, Japan occupied Manchuria and established the puppet state of Manchuguo, heedless of the condemnations of the League of Nations.
		Similarly defiant of the international organisation's will, Italy, in 1935, colonised Ethiopia.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2002/579/chrncls.htm (2485 words)

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