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Topic: Manchukuo (administration)

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	Manchukuo. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Manchukuo, ostensibly an independent Manchu state, was a Japanese puppet-state.
		The Japanese military kept strict control of the administration and fought a continuing guerrilla war with native resistance groups.
		To develop Manchukuo as a war base, the Japanese greatly expanded industry and railroads.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ma/Manchuku.html (173 words)

	Thomas David DuBois \| Local Religion and the Imperial Imaginary: The Development of Japanese Ethnography in Occupied ...
		Manchukuo itself spent roughly half of its short history at war, one that not only ended the life of the empire, but also leaves a taint on scholarship produced under its auspices, leading many to dismiss this work out of hand as having been either an intellectual offshoot of fascist ideology or simple wartime propaganda.
		Moreover, with the frequent transfer of Japanese administrative personnel among colonial postings, experience gained in Taiwan and Korea, which taught the potential for religious organizations to serve as a conduit for resistance, was shared across the empire.
		In contrast, Manchukuo was intended as a living example of Pan-Asian multiculturalism, and if the village was to serve as the spiritual foundation of Manchukuo, it would be through retaining different types of religion for each race, at least for the foreseeable future.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/ahr/111.1/dubois.html (11128 words)

	ooBdoo
		During the Soviet offensive the Army of Manchukuo, theoretically a two hundred-thousand-man force, well armed and trained along Japanese lines, performed poorly and whole units surrendered to the Soviets without firing a single shot; there were even cases of armed riots and mutinies against the Japanese forces.
		Many historians believe that Manchukuo was a puppet state or colony of Japan [4] because of the Japanese military's strong presence and strict control of the government administration.
		In early 1934 the total population of Manchukuo was estimated as 30,880,000, with 6.1 persons the average family, and 122 men for each 100 women.
	www.oobdoo.com /wikipedia/?title=Manchukuo (1776 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Manchukuo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Manchukuo 満州国 (in pinyin Manzhouguo) was a nominally independent puppet state set up by the Japanese in Manchuria which existed from 1931 to 1945.
		There were a number of denominations, with two designs: the pagoda at Liaoyang[?] and a portrait of Puyi.
		In addition, many were overprinted by the Port Arthur and Dairen Postal Administration[?] between 1946 and 1949.
	encyclopedia.kids.net.au /page/ma/Manchukuo (384 words)

	ESTABLISHMENT OF MANCHUKUO FORCES Manchukuo Forces were established in April 1932 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Manchukuo was the puppet Japanese republic set up in Manchuria on March 1, 1932.
		Formations: When Manchukuo Army was established, the rule of formation was not fixed and the units were different each other in the formation.
		Manchukuo Army used the weapons which the military parties had and there were many kinds of weapons.
	orbat.com /site/history/historical/japan/manchukuo.html (1288 words)

	The Soviet-Japanese War Japan Alternate History
		The negotiations between the Soviet and Manchukuo representatives were frequently interrupted and not until March 1935 was the purchase agreement signed.
		The Kwantung Army’s determination to defend the outer frontier of Manchukuo in 1938 was a continuation of two decades of Soviet probing and provocations; and this was one of Japan's reasons to sign the Anti-Comintern Pact with Germany in 1936.
		Manchukuo`s long undefined borders became a source of friction between the Japanese Empire and the Soviet Union, and after the defection of NKVD’s officer Genrikh Lyushkov, one of these clashes, the Changkuofeng Incident, degenerated into the Soviet-Japanese War.
	www.angelfire.com /gundam/japanese_empire/altjap/sjw.htm (5853 words)

	1938: Japan - Archive Article - MSN Encarta
		Some of their best troops were stationed in Manchukuo; but because of the danger of a serious clash with Russia, which was by no means unlikely, no troops were taken from this area.
		We are looking for a steady development of the governments at Peking and Nanking which, when merged into one administration, will constitute a régime strong enough to take care of all affairs in the territory now under their respective administrations.
		Russia was inclined to refuse these rights until Japan and Manchukuo fulfilled their obligations in regard to the final installment on the price of the Chinese Eastern Railway which Japan purchased from Russia some time ago, and which they refused to pay at the time it was due.
	encarta.msn.com /sidebar_461500454/1938_Japan.html (7580 words)

	[No title]
		Japan, Manchukuo and China will unite as good neighbors in mutual support of each other with the ultimate goal of establishing a new order in East Asia and will seek, as their common objective, the creation of an axis for peace in the Orient.
		Japan, Manchukuo and China will respect each other's inherent characteristics, cooperate closely to secure peace in the Orient, conceive measures for mutual aid and amity in various field in order to fulfill a good neighbor policy.
		To realize the benefits of mutual aid and anti-Comintern defense, Japan, Manchukuo and China will in essence be equal and reciprocal with a view to offset merits and demerits and minister to each other's wants with respect to industry and economy.
	www.ibiblio.org /pha/timeline/146app01.html (970 words)

	Taiwan Status (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Under laws of war, administrative authority is the divine right of kings to wage war and to govern the conquered territory.
		The administrative authority of USMG is transferable by the Law of Agency.
		It was the civil administration of the separate customs territories by USMG and after the Spanish cession in the 1898 Treaty of Paris; the Congress gained their plenary powers to determine the political status of these separate customs territories.
	www.geocities.com /taiwanstatus/taiwanstatus (6602 words)

	Casino online portal \| information about Casino online \| Manchukuo
		Manchukuo (1932 to 1945) (Simplified Chinese: æ»¡æ´²å½; Traditional Chinese: æ»¿æ´²å; Pinyin: MÇnzhÅu GuÃ³ Kanji: æºå·å½) was a former country in Manchuria and eastern Inner Mongolia under the leadership of the Emperor Puyi, the last emperor of Qing Dynasty.
		It is regarded by successive Chinese governments and their allies as a puppet state founded by the Empire of Japan.
		The cities of Dalian and LÃ¼shun as well as their immediate environs were part of the Kwantung Leased Territory.
	www.pokerhomeportal.com /?u=/Manchukuo (1566 words)

	John Rabe hero file (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Manchukuo is formally recognised by the military-controlled regime.
		On 1 December the international committee is authorised by the mayor of Nanjing to take over the administration of the city once he and his staff are evacuated.
		Rabe and his fellow zone administrators attempt to stop the atrocities occurring in the city while working to ensure that the refugees within the safety zone are fed and nursed.
	www.moreorless.au.com /heroes/rabe.html (2976 words)

	:: 19.org Article :: \| Guest Articles \| Why it's Over for America (Noam Chomsky)
		He explained why the administration had to support the murderous and corrupt Somoza regime in Nicaragua, and, when that proved impossible, to try at least to maintain the US-trained National Guard even as it was massacring the population "with a brutality a nation usually reserves for its enemy," killing some 40,000 people.
		One consequence is that the Bush administration's pursuit of the traditional policies of deterring democracy faces new obstacles.
		In Haiti, the Bush administration's favorite "democracy-building group, the International Republican Institute," worked assiduously to promote the opposition to President Aristide, helped by the withholding of desperately needed aid on grounds that were dubious at best.
	19.org /index.php?id=73,384,0,0,1,0 (3477 words)

	Manchukuo info here at en.my-widgets.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Sovereignty and Authenticity: Manchukuo and the East Asian Modern In this powerful and provocative book, Prasenjit Duara uses the intriguing case of Manchukuo--the Japanese puppet state in northeast China from 1932-1945--to explore how such antinomies as imperialism and nationalism, modernity and...
		Puyi as the Kangde Emperor of Manchukuo Manchukuo Japanese influence
		List of birds on stamps of Manchukuo Manchukuo 1932 - 1945 Personal Names Period of Reigns era names (å¹´è) and their corresponding range of years All given names in bold.
	en.my-widgets.com /Manchukuo (1884 words)

	The Hoover Administration
		Finally, at the end of his administration, the formerly confident Hoover was a beaten man. He had been overwhelmingly defeated at the polls, unemployment continued to soar and the nation was stilled by a major bank crisis.
		Hoover was clearly not a do-nothing economic administrator, but his early efforts at combating the depression were true to the tradition of having the government refrain from offering direct assistance to individuals in need.
		The effort of the Hoover administration to restructure Germany's reparations payments was scheduled to go into effect at the time when the effects of the Great Depression began to be felt throughout the world.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h1445.html (1223 words)

	TomDispatch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		His two books, War Without Mercy about the race hatreds and stereotypes that fuelled both sides as the war in the Pacific reached a fever pitch of slaughter and atrocity, and Embracing Defeat, his Pulitzer Prize winning history of the postwar occupation, should really be a boxed set.
		The establishment of Manchukuo, it was declared, would bring about an unprecedented "harmony of the five races" (Japanese, Chinese, Manchus, Mongolians and Koreans).
		Beyond this, and of far greater significance, Manchukuo was envisioned as a perfect pilot project for establishing a political economy consistent with the most basic ideals of the radical right-wing agenda.
	www.tomdispatch.com /indexprint.mhtml?pid=79750 (2583 words)

	The New Imperialism and the Post-Colonial Developmental State: Manchukuo in comparative perspective
		Manchukuo presents us, on the one hand, with a record of cruel violence; and, on the other hand, with the record of a developmental state.
		Manchukuo’s huge police force conducted punctiliously detailed censuses and surveys; made extensive and complex plans for settlements; paid close attention to hygiene and welfare; made available education, drinkable water, and shelters; and mobilized the population for inoculations—sometimes at gunpoint.(31) But there were many modern states characterized by this duality.
		In Manchukuo, the kingly way, related notions, and the example of the Manchu emperor were deployed as symbols of pan-Asian civilization, bringing together diverse groups who, whether by choice, opportunism, or necessity, came to support the new regime.
	japanfocus.org /products/topdf/1715 (6674 words)

	15.3. Fighting at the Foot of Mt. Paektu
		On this basis, the puppet Manchukuo government put forward the "outline of a three-year plan for ensuring public peace", which defined the northern part of the eastern frontier region (Changbai, Linjiang, Fusong, Donggang, Human, Jinchuan, Liuhe, Tonghua and Jian Counties) as the most important place for special operations.
		He confessed that the Japanese troops occupied the center of the camp and the puppet Manchukuo army soldiers were sleeping around them, with the peasants located at the outermost circle, as they had been regarded as shields.
		He added that only puppet Manchukuo army soldiers stood guard and that the Japanese soldiers from Korea were fast asleep' with their wet shoes drying beside campfires.
	www.kimsoft.com /war/r-15-3.htm (7372 words)

	Park Chung Hee Summary
		He was educated in the Manchukuo Military Academy and the Japanese Imperial Military Academy and served in the Japanese army.
		This was a short-lived period of parliamentary rule in South Korea with a figurehead president, (Yun Poson) in response to the authoritarian excesses and corruption of the Rhee administration.
		Following pressure from the Kennedy administration in the United States, a civilian government was restored, with Park winning the 1963 election as the candidate of the Democratic Republican Party over Yun, candidate of the Civil Rule Party.
	www.bookrags.com /Park_Chung_Hee (4348 words)

	The Korea Times : [The Dawn of Modern Korea] (413) State of Manchuria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The entire population of Manchukuo was broadly divided into two group ``Japanese’’ and ``Manin’’ or ``people of Manchukuo’’.
		The official propaganda of Manchukuo never forgot to stress that it was based on the ``co-prosperity’’ of the Han Chinese, Japanese, Manchu, Mongols and Koreans, but no Korean was appointed to an administrative post of significance.
		They kept both citizenship of Manchukuo and of Korea as a colonial part of Japan, and in some cases they remained subordinated to the governor general in Seoul.
	times.hankooki.com /lpage/opinion/200609/kt2006092815430354130.htm (894 words)

	Manchukuo, bigger than expected.
		The Salt Rates Palace or Manchu Imperial Palace was a temporary official Manchu government residence, provided by Japanese authorities for the Kangde Emperor and his cabinet in Hsinking, while a Japanese engineering company built an official palace.
		In this room the Kangde Emperor met with the native Manchu government and the official Japanese government, managing the state affairs, presenting official laws and agreements, and placing the Manchu Imperial Seal on all decrees.
		Among the objects in this room are the Manchukuo Throne, various pieces of furniture, some Imperial Manchu crown jewels, Imperial and national flags, some dresses and uniforms, and other official items.
	www.new-tradition.org /forum/showthread.aspx?m=94247 (430 words)

	schools, total, state, control, along, State, Battle, August, strong, public, military, captured, Postal - Manchukuo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9371137/Manchukuo Manchukuo's government was demolished in 1945 at the end of World War II.
		Many historians believe that Manchukuo was "puppet state" or colony of Japan http://www.bartelby.net/65/ma/Manchuku.html because of the Japanese military's strict control of the administration and strong military presence.
		Many Manchurian cities were modernized during Manchukuo era.
	www.alphasearch.org /directory/Manchukuo.html (1750 words)

	Asia --Posting of Countries - Alternate History Discussion Board
		The German administration was just taking over in the Philippines when the pro-independence leaders Jose Rizal and Andres Bonifacio (Katipunan movement 30 thousand strong) issued the call to arms to the rebels to expel their new masters.
		The German military administration launched a campaign to exterminate the Katipunan movement and by early 1904 the movement was effectively extinct.
		In 1932, the Kwantung Army initiated the formation of a new administration in Manchuria, and the Empire of Manchukuo was born, headed by the last Chinese emperor, Puyi, as chief executive and later emperor.
	www.alternatehistory.com /Discussion/showthread.php?t=6106 (5032 words)

	Chronology 1932
		With the Japanese occupation of Manchuria near completion, the establishment of the Republic of Manchukuo was proclaimed.
		French became the administrative language for the Walloon provinces while Flemish served as the official language in Flanders.
		Japanese forces from Manchukuo invaded the Chinese province of Jehol as the Japanese sought to expand their influence in northern China.
	www.indiana.edu /~league/1932.htm (3410 words)

	The Daily Star Web Edition Vol. 5 Num 20 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This is because the resolution failed to endorse the interim constitution (Iraq's Transitional Administrative Law that sets out Iraq's political future until a permanent constitution is adopted) that recognizes the existing autonomy of Kurds in the north of Iraq.
		His plans were effectively derailed by the US administrator in Iraq and the US-appointed members of the Iraqi Governing Council.
		The only qualification the interim Iraqi President and the Prime Minister seems to have is that they are reportedly very close to the US and British intelligence agencies It is reported that the President spent hundreds and thousands of dollars in Washington to lobby for him to get a berth in the government.
	www.thedailystar.net /2004/06/16/d406161501112.htm (1688 words)

	Finance Choices - Personal Finance Wiki
		Under the Japanese puppet Manchukuo regime, the province reverted to its old name, but the name Liaoning was restored in 1945.
		During the Warlord Era in the early twentieth century, Liaoning was under the Fengtian Clique, including Zhang Zuolin and his son Zhang Xueliang; in 1931, Japan invaded and the area came under the rule of the Japanese-controlled puppet state of Manchukuo.
		These prefecture-level cities are in turn divided into 100 county-level divisions (17 county-level cities, 19 counties, eight autonomous counties, and 56 districts), which are then further subdivided into 1511 township-level divisions (613 towns, 301 townships, 77 ethnic townships, and 520 subdistricts).
	www.financechoices.co.uk /personal-finance-wiki.php?title=Liaoning (1620 words)

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