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Topic: Manchuria Crisis

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	Manchukuo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Manchukuo (1932 to 1945) (Simplified Chinese: 满洲国; Traditional Chinese: 滿洲國; pinyin: Mǎnzhōu Guó Kanji (Shinjitai): 満州国), literally meaning "Manchuria nation", is a former country [1] in Manchuria and eastern Inner Mongolia under the leadership of the Emperor Puyi, the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty.
		Inner Manchuria came under strong Russian influence in the 1890s with the building of the Chinese Eastern Railway through Harbin to Vladivostok.
		Japanese influence replaced Russian in Inner Manchuria as a result of the Russo-Japanese War (1904 - 1905), and Japan laid the South Manchurian Railway in 1906 to Port Arthur (Japanese: Ryojun).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Manchukuo (1650 words)

	The Manchurian Crisis
		Manchuria, a region in northeastern China that incorporated the provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin (Kirin or Chi-lin), and Liaoning, had long been attractive to other nations.
		This incident did not erupt into a major conflict, but it did bring to light the shortcomings of the Kellogg-Briand Pact as a means to prevent armed conflict among signatories.
		In the minds of a number of authorities, the road to World War II began in Manchuria in 1931, when it became apparent to all that treaties and the efforts of the League of Nations were not sufficient to halt a nation bent on aggression.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h1499.html (1098 words)

	The Militant - September 10, 2001 -- Japan's crisis has deep historical roots
		Despite its invasion of Manchuria in 1931 and occupation of Formosa (now called Taiwan) and Korea, given its economic backwardness and overwhelmingly peasant population, the country could never supply an army in a war against an imperialist power for even a handful of years.
		But many of the particular economic and social problems in Japan today--from the status of women and immigrant workers to the crisis in agriculture and the banking system--have their roots in the lack of a thoroughgoing bourgeois revolution to sweep away all remnants of the feudal past.
		In the Tempo crisis of the 1830s, some 100,000 peasants rose up and won their demands, deepening the crisis of the feudal state.
	www.themilitant.com /2001/6534/653452.html (2165 words)

	Asia Times - The socialist roots of the Korea crisis
		The current nuclear crisis is inextricably linked to the long-term failure of the North Korean economy - a problem that arguably cannot be solved without revolutionary change.
		Contrary to accepted public opinion, the current nuclear crisis on the Korean Peninsula did not start last October 16 with a public statement by US assistant secretary of state James Kelly alleging that North Korea had admitted to the possession of a highly enriched uranium program.
		The DPRK currently faces a severe health-care crisis, with its health-care system considered in November 2001 to be near total collapse by Dr Gro Harlem Brundtland, then director general of the World Health Organization.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Korea/EI03Dg04.html (1151 words)

	Our Chinese Ally: The War In China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		There was a smug assumption that the seizure of Manchuria would “satisfy” the Japanese for a long time, because they would have to “digest” 360,000 square miles of territory with a great variety of undeveloped resources.
		Withdrawing in a spectacular retreat known as the “Long March,” they had taken up a new position in northern Shensi, where they occupied a stretch of territory that was economically very poor but strategically very important.
		Since 1931 an important part of the Communist propaganda had been the demand for a truce between the Communists and the national government and a united front against the Japanese.
	www.historians.org /projects/giroundtable/Chinese/Chinese6.htm (2544 words)

	Massey, The Honourable Vincent, The Manchurian Crisis
		The situation in Manchuria one to command the active interest of Canada and why that is so.
		The League's one serious error in the present crisis of demanding, last October, the withdrawal of Japanese troops by a given date.
		In Manchuria today a collision between twentieth century international machinery and a nineteenth century point of view.
	www.empireclubfoundation.com /details.asp?SpeechID=932 (406 words)

	Class Struggle, Volume 1 Number 4 - October/November 1931 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The monetary crisis in China and the pressure of the world crisis has enormously accentuated the terrible misery of the masses in the city as well as in the country.
		The Japanese robbers evidently count on the national-socialists tendencies of the Stalin regime, on the fact that under the management of the Soviet bureaucracy the five year plan is being counterposed to the world revolution, and on the degeneration within the Communist International, to prevent the Soviet Union from actively checking the Japanese colonial expansion.
		It is a thrust to split Siberia, a menace to Outer Mongolia (under Soviets), a move at Turkestan, and a threat of outflanking the Communist forces within China.
	www.weisbord.org /OneFour.htm (3451 words)

	Frank Glass: The War in the Far East and the Revolutionary Perspective (1938) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A sharp currency crisis reflected the entire insecurity of the Japanese economic structure, which was damaged still further by the disastrous earthquake in 1923.
		But the devastating world economic crisis which coincided with Japan’s imperialist drive, together with their own military unpreparedness, compelled Britain and America to adopt a policy of watchful waiting in the Far East while encouraging the Kuomintang to resist Japan as far as it dared.
		Held prostrate for years under the military dictatorship of the Kuomintang, which was aided by the economic crisis, the workers finally renewed their activity on the basis of the new conjunctural turn in 1935-6.
	www.marxists.org /archive/glass/1938/01/chrev.htm (5285 words)

	Intrastate Disputes - Asia/Pacific Region
		Korean nationalists convened the Korean People’s Congress in Manchuria on March 17, 1919, and elected Son Pyong-hi as president of a government-in-exile.
		(10-69) Crisis Phase (November 29, 1947-December 31, 1952): The government was deposed in a military coup led by Lt. General Phin Chunhawan and General Phao Suriyanond on November 29, 1947, and Field Marshall Luang Phibunsongkhram (Luang Pibul Sonngram) was re-appointed as prime minister on November 30, 1947.
		A political crisis erupted after King Tribhubana stripped Prime Minister Mohun Shumshere of his position as supreme commander of the military on April 16, 1951.
	faculty.uca.edu /~markm/tpi_narratives_asia.htm (17750 words)

	History 100 - World War II and Cold War
		Japan, which had suffered economically during the 1930s, seized the Chinese province of Manchuria in 1931 in their effort to become a world power.
		Manchuria had excellent farmland (needed by Japan) as well as vast mineral resources.
		In 1931, Spain’s government was in crisis as the old monarchy collapsed and was replaced by a liberal socialist government.
	home.att.net /~history240/history100ww2.html (3449 words)

	BioView.com - Work WorldWide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Korea has bounced back from the Asian financial crisis of 1997, and foreign money is once again flowing into the country.
		The information technology sector in South Korea has strong ties with e-business and digital communication, two areas that were hit hard by both the Asian financial crisis and the tech stock market crash of 2000.
		Koreans are quite modest, and while they know that foreigners may behave differently from them, they still expect expatriates to be polite and humble and show interest and respect for Korean traditions.
	www.bioview.com /location/korea.html (2739 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Japanese company (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A less severe crisis is usually known as a recession, a
		Manchuria MANCHURIA [Manchuria], Mandarin Dongbei sansheng [three northeastern provinces], region, c.600,000 sq mi (1,554,000 sq km), NE China.
		Manchuria is separated from Russia largely by the Amur, Argun, and Ussuri rivers, from North Korea by the Yalu and Tumen
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Japanese+company (621 words)

	Marching Toward War: Japanese Conquests
		But the bombing of Japanese railroad bridges is used as an excuse for militarists to drive the war machine into Manchuria, "then wait to see what the world will do about it.
		The film details the potential use for Manchuria as one step in a series to conquer China, but also cheerily reports on how Manchuria has benefited from the Japanese.
		The territory has became "a costly burden"; Manchuria's iron ore has such a low grade that it's made at a loss.
	xroads.virginia.edu /~MA04/wood/mot/html/japan.htm (2993 words)

	Flyer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This work explores Russian life in Northern Manchuria during the period of political, economic and social upheaval, leading to its eventual de facto control by Japan, and disruption of the balance of power in the Northeast Asian Region.
		Presenting a fresh interpretation of the combined impact of the 1929 Sino-Soviet Conflict and the onset of the Great Depression, the book examines the interplay of Soviet and emigré Russian interests in Manchuria, and their role in generating the instability that led to Japanese intervention and Russian decline.
		He has written extensively on Russian and East Asian themes and his publications include a study of Hong Kong Mouldering Pearl and Crisis and Conflict in Asia.
	www.palgrave.com /flyer/flyer.asp?is=0333730186 (125 words)

	SAC 1904-1917
		Miliukov delivered lectures which were one year later published in book form as Russia and Its Crisis.
		Now he restructured the State Council into an appointed legislative chamber, a second chamber now attached to the earlier unicameral and elected Duma promised in the first manifesto.
		Manchuria, Korea and Mongolia [DIR2:432-4] In essence, the treaty divided Manchuria into "North Manchuria" under Russian authority and "South Manchuria" under Japanese authority.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~kimball/sac.1904.1917.htm (11543 words)

	Class Struggle, Volume 2 Number 2 - February 1932 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Such a crisis, standing on top of the post-war instability of capitalism has broken the delicate equilibrium established.
		To hold Manchuria the Mikado adventurers must move for the actual dismemberment of China itself.
		The taking of Manchuria is not only an act completing the seizure of Manchuria, it is the direct threat against the Soviet Union.
	www.weisbord.org /TwoTwo.htm (6268 words)

	PBS VIDEOIndex Online -- All Chapters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		When Japan seized control of the Chinese province of Manchuria, the forces of a widening war were set off.
		The Litton Commission called for an autonomous Manchuria, issuing a report condemning Japanese aggression, which was unanimously accepted by the League of Nations.
		The European crisis had now merged with the Asian crisis.
	videoindex.pbs.org /program/all_chapters.jsp?item_id=7829 (662 words)

	Amazon.com: The Manchurian Crisis and Japanese Society, 1931-33 (Routledge/EUI Studies in Political Economy): Books: ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The strength of this book lies not so much in contesting an old orthodoxy, but in adding to our knowledge of this era by shedding light on the problem of crisis consciousness..
		The repercussions of the 1931 'Manchurian Incident' threw Japan into crisis.
		Agreements imposed upon Russia in 1905 and China in 1915 had ceded to Japan substantial control of Manchuria, or the three north-eastern provinces of China: Liaoning (formerly Fengtien), Kirin and Heilungkaing, which together constitute an area roughly equal to that of France and Germany combined.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0415250560?v=glance (652 words)

	Chapter 4- Military Intelligence in Crisis
		Germany occupied the Rhineland in 1936, swallowed Austria in the spring of 1938, and humiliated Czechoslovakia with the disastrous settlement at Munich in the fall of that year.
		The Italian dictator Benito Mussolini invaded Ethiopia in 1935, and Japan, having seized Manchuria in 1931, went to war against all of China in 1937.
		Britain and France responded with massive rearmament programs, but in the short run they relied on a general policy of appeasement to avert a European war, while ignoring Soviet attempts to resurrect their old World War I alliance with Russia.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/books/Lineage/mi/ch4.htm (4178 words)

	Lytton Report
		In response to the growing crisis between Japan and China in Manchuria in late 1931, the United States was invited to sit as a non-voting observer with the Council of the League of Nations.
		Japan was identified as the aggressor in Manchuria, but the commission took pains to note that Japan had special interests of long standing in the area;
		In February, the new state of Manchukuo (Manzhouguo) had been established in Manchuria, which was headed by a puppet regime loyal to Japanese commercial and military leaders.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h1506.html (362 words)

	The Manchurian Incident, 1931 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It was not until the uncover of the Japanese plot to attack government offices that William Peel informed the British government on Japanese terrorism and cruelty in Hong Kong.
		n fact, Ishiwara Kanji and Itagaki Seishiro, generals who conquered Manchuria, had laid careful plans for the conquest of northeastern China with neither the authorization of central headquarters in Manchuria nor the approval of the civilian government in Japan.
		Militarist Japan's attempt at conquering China, which began by seizing Manchuria, became a full-fledged invasion from 1937-45.
	hkuhist2.hku.hk /studentprojects/japan/1997b/jap3.htm (543 words)

	Modern Japanese History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Elise K. Tipton and John Clark, Being modern in Japan: culture and society from the 1910s to the 1930s.
		Louise Young, Japan’s Total Empire: Manchuria and the Culture of Wartime Imperialism.
		Sandra Wilson, The Manchuria Crisis and Japanese Society, 1931-33.
	www.brown.edu /students/HGSA/Resources/readinglists/modjapan05.htm (1032 words)

	Manchuria, 1932-3
		Write down the main events of the crisis in order.
		Record all the inadequacies and failures of the League during the Manchuria crisis.
		• List all the results - short-term and long-term - of the Manchuria crisis.
	www.johndclare.net /league_of_nations6_notes.shtml (85 words)

	John Derbyshire's November 2005 on National Review Online
		A quarter century later came the Manchuria crisis, and 20 years after that was the Korean War.
		If the balloon goes up in Northeast Asia and we are such fools as to get involved, we shall learn some bitter lessons very fast.
		Enviro-catastrophe in Manchuria There has in fact been a modest environmental catastrophe in Manchuria this month.
	www.nationalreview.com /derbyshire/derbyshire200511300810.asp (3325 words)

	Find in a Library: The Manchurian crisis and Japanese society, 1931-33 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Find in a Library: The Manchurian crisis and Japanese society, 1931-33
		To find this item in a library, enter a postal code, state, province, or country in the field above.
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/2ee9e249751549c5a19afeb4da09e526.html (46 words)

	Open School BC History 12 Course
		Appeal to the League of Nations: For the text of Emperor Haile Selassie's appeal to the League of Nations to save his country from the Italian invastion go to:
		Abyssinian Crisis: A good general site on the Abyssinian crisis is:
		Japan (The Invasion of Manchuria, The Invasion of China): Good sites on the invasion of Manchuria, the first serious threat to the League of Nations, are found at:
	www.openschool.bc.ca /courses/history12/mod2.html (424 words)

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