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Topic: Mandate (international law)

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	UNITED NATIONS COMMISSION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAW (UNCITRAL) MODEL LAW ON INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION
		The UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration was adopted by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) on 21 June 1985, at the close of the Commission's 18th annual session.
		The Model Law, by its liberal contents, further reduces the need for such choice of a "foreign" law in lieu of the (Model) Law of the place of arbitration, not the least because it grants parties wide freedom in shaping the rules of the arbitral proceedings.
		Autonomy of the parties to determine the rules of procedure is of special importance in international cases since it allows the parties to select or tailor the rules according to their specific wishes and needs, unimpeded by traditional domestic concepts and without the earlier mentioned risk of frustration.
	www.madaan.com /uncitral.html (8596 words)

	Law and Justice - Environment and International Law (International Environmental Law) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Modern international law has its roots in the public law of Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries-law that was created to govern the diplomatic, commercial, military, and other relations of the society of Christian States.
		While the status of international environmental law as a discipline, in and of itself, is disputed by a few international scholars who believe that no autonomous "international law" exists apart from the general international law, it appears well established that environmental perspectives and concerns have stimulated and catalyzed international legal development.
		The term 'enforcement' in the context of international environmental law refers to the measures taken to ensure the fulfillment of international legal obligations, or to obtain a ruling by an appropriate international body that obligations are not being fulfilled.
	www4.worldbank.org /legal/legen/legen_iel.html (3005 words)

	MRF > Law & Policy > International Law
		The mining sector is increasingly subject to international law, encompassing a wide range of conventions, protocols, declarations, treaties, standards, codes, and recommendations in relation to environmental, social and economic norms.
		As yet, no comprehensive international law applies to the complete mining life cycle - from prospecting to rehabilitation - however calls are increasingly being made for the adoption of international standards to provide a 'level playing field' for an industry, increasingly globalised in nature.
		The International Seabed Authority is the organization through which parties to the Convention on the Law of the Sea organize and control activities, including mining, beyond the limits of national jurisdiction particularly with regard to the administering of resources.
	www.natural-resources.org /minerals/law/intlaw.htm (5305 words)

	Researching Public International Law
		The ways norms are identified as international law include agreements negotiated by the affected parties, deference to a third-party decision-maker, academic persuasion and consensus, and custom (state practice and the opinion that the practice is dictated by a legal obligation).
		Nonetheless, it may be invoked as a rule of international law, at least in claims based on injury to persons, because it is a general principle common to the major legal systems of the world and is not inappropriate for international claims.
		International Law case law developed within a tradition of ad hoc tribunals established by agreements to arbitrate particular disputes, and a permanent "Court of Arbitration" was established at the Hague in 1899.
	www.law.columbia.edu /library/Research_Guides/internat_law/pubint (9461 words)

	International Law
		International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
		Principles of international co-operation in the detection, arrest, extradition and punishment of persons guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity
		Statute of the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia
	www.ohchr.org /english/law (1436 words)

	LLRX -- International Criminal Law: A Selective Resource Guide
		Marylin Johnson Raisch is the Librarian for International and Foreign Law at the Bora Laskin Law Library of the University of Toronto Faculty of Law.
		Origins and sources of the international criminal law regime include three out of the four sources of international law in general which are enumerated in Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice.
		International Criminal Law is a comprehensive research guide created by Gail Partin as part of the ASIL Guide to Electronic Resources for International Law, a series of excellent research guides sponsored by the American Society of International Law.
	www.llrx.com /features/int_crim.htm (5502 words)

	Israeli Settlements and International Law
		Jewish settlement in West Bank and Gaza Strip territory has existed from time immemorial and was expressly recognised as legitimate in the Mandate for Palestine adopted by the League of Nations, which provided for the establishment of a Jewish state in the Jewish people's ancient homeland.
		International humanitarian law prohibits the forcible transfer of segments of the population of a state to the territory of another state which it has occupied as a result of the resort to armed force.
		As International Red Cross' authoritative commentary to the Convention confirms, the principle was intended to protect the local population from displacement, including endangering its separate existence as a race, as occurred with respect to the forced population transfers in Czechoslovakia, Poland and Hungary before and during the war.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Peace/settlelaw.html (986 words)

	Opinio Juris -
		Its supermajoritarian structure for creation and correction of its fundamental law has created a beneficent consensus that is responsible for sustaining a structure of prosperity and freedom that by the end of the twentieth century was the envy of the rest of the word, as proven by immigration and cultural emulation.
		The second critique might also welcome the application of international law in dictatorial or totalitarian systems, on the theory that norms generated by international law are superior to the norms generated in such political systems.
		But as the Laws of each State respect the Benefit of that State; so amongst all or most States there might be, and in Fact there are, some Laws agreed on by common Consent, which respect the Advantage not of one Body in particular, but of all in general.
	www.opiniojuris.org (8891 words)

	ASIL Electronic Resource Guide
		Like many other branches of international law, international environmental law is interdisciplinary, intersecting and overlapping with numerous other areas of research, including economics, political science, ecology, human rights and navigation/admiralty.
		An additional source is customary international law, which is often evidenced by national legislation, government statements, restatements of the law, and the interpretations of international tribunals such as the International Court of Justice and other arbitral bodies.
		The National Law Center for Inter-American Free Trade is a non-profit research and educational corporation whose purpose is to facilitate trade and investment in the Western Hemisphere.
	www.asil.org /resource/env1.htm (6280 words)

	IoL Publications: THE LEGAL STATUS OF PALESTINE UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		As a member of the NOVIB mission I submitted to that end an informal paper on international law as a framework for a peaceful solution of the dispute between Arab states and Israel as a basis for discussion with Israelis and Palestinians.
		However, it is doubtful whether the Declaration intends to be an international agreement governed by international law in the meaning of the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties or the 1986 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties between States and International Organizations or between International Organizations.
		One of the A Mandates was the British Mandate for Palestine.
	lawcenter.birzeit.edu /publications/dewaart.html (3689 words)

	International affairs & law firm in Bangladesh - BILIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Bangladesh Institute of law and International Affairs is one of the leading Institutes in Bangladesh for the analysis of issues relating to law and International Affairs.
		Bangladesh Institute of Law and International Affairs (BILIA) was established on 30th June 1972 under the patronage of the Father of the Nation Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
		In 1973 the institute drafted the International War Crimes Tribunal which was adopted in the parliament as the International Crimes (Tribunal) Act, 1973.
	www.bol-online.net /bilia (1018 words)

	Mandate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An obligation handed down by an inter-governmental body; see mandate (international law)
		The decision of an appeals court; see mandate (law)
		This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mandate (116 words)

	Electronic Iraq: International Law
		Amnesty International today expressed deep concern that a draft resolution before the Security Council to expand the mandate of the UN Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) fails to acknowledge and address meaningfully the grave human rights and humanitarian situation in the country that have rightly been highlighted by the most senior UN officials.
		Iraq's neighbors are closing off escape routes to Iraqi asylum seekers, just as the international community has begun to respond to the 2 million refugees from the war, Human Rights Watch said in a briefing paper released today.
		As high-level officials, including ministerial-level representatives for Iraq and all countries in the region, meet in Geneva on April 17, 2007 for a conference to coordinate the international response to Iraqi refugees and internally displaced people, Iraq's neighbors are refusing entry, imposing onerous new passport and visa requirements, and building barriers to keep refugees out.
	electroniciraq.net /news/internationallaw (696 words)

	Business Law, Trade Law and International Trade Law
		With the advent of market globalization and electronic commerce, not only trade laws and international trade laws are playing greater roles but complete new areas are being developed particularly as it relates to intellectual property rights and dispute settlements.This page lists and rates Internet resources related to Business Law, Trade Law and International Trade Law.
		Their goal is to provide links to primary foreign and international legal resources, research aids, and sites useful in conducting research in these areas of the law.
		The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) has the general mandate to further the progressive harmonization and unification of the law of international trade.As for most UN bodies the information provided is rather "arid" but still it is interesting to see how those commissions work.
	www.enterweb.org /law.htm (1175 words)

	EPA Office of General Counsel - International Environmental Law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		This integration is necessary in order to advance U.S. environmental protection objectives internationally, to ensure that U.S. international obligations and initiatives are informed by domestic policy and expertise, and to ensure that these international obligations are implemented through domestic law and regulations.
		EPA's mandate to protect human health and the environment has a critical and growing international dimension.
		EPA thus commits substantial attention to international activities, and coordinates with the State Department and other agencies in advancing the international environmental objectives of the U.S. the International Environmental Law Office provides legal counsel with respect to international law, institutions, and procedures, as well as comparative law analysis, in support of those activities.
	www.epa.gov /ogc/international.htm (159 words)

	Imperialism, Sovereignty and the Making of International Law - Cambridge University Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		It argues that colonial confrontation was central to the formation of international law and, in particular, its founding concept, sovereignty.
		Anghie provides a new approach to the history of international law, illuminating the imperial character of the discipline and its enduring significance for peoples of the Third World.
		Francisco de Vitoria and the colonial origins of international law; (i) Introduction, (ii) Vitoria and the problem of universal law; (iii) War, sovereignty and the transformation of the Indian; (iv) Conclusion; 2.
	www.cambridge.org /uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521828929 (453 words)

	Derechos Human Rights - Mandate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		All governments are bound by international customary law and jus cogens, the human rights and humanitarian law treaties they have signed, the human rights clauses in their own constitutions and legislation, and general principles of law.
		Derechos considers freedom of expression to be one of the most fundamental rights that individuals must be guaranteed, as it is not only essential for the fulfillment of the human person, but for the existence of a true democracy.
		Derechos considers that international and national human rights law must be respected by all governments, regardless of political identifications.
	www.derechos.net /about/mandate.html (493 words)

	A/RES/51/161. Report of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law on the work of its twenty-ninth session
		Welcomes the decision of the Commission to request the Secretariat to review, with the assistance of experts and in cooperation with other international organizations having expertise in build-operate-transfer arrangements, issues on which legislative guidance might be useful, and to commence the preparation of a legislative guide on build-operate-transfer projects; 6.
		Also reaffirms the importance, in particular for developing countries, of the work of the Commission concerned with training and technical assistance in the field of international trade law, such as assistance in the preparation of national legislation based on legal texts of the Commission; 8.
		Stresses the importance of bringing into effect the conventions emanating from the work of the Commission for the global unification and harmonization of international trade law, and to this end urges States that have not yet done so to consider signing, ratifying or acceding to those conventions.
	www1.umn.edu /humanrts/resolutions/51/161GA1996.html (301 words)

	International Law Blog: Renee Dopplick
		If so, submit your example by 30 June 2005 to the American Society of International Law for your chance to be published and to win one free conference registration to their 100th Annual Meeting.
		What was originally intended in 1986 to be a 5-year "pause" in commercial whaling for the purpose of assessing scientific data and improving sustainable whaling management practices is now nearing its 20th anniversary as a de facto ban.
		One week after the adoption by UN General Assembly of the International Convention on the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism, satellite photos confirm that there is no flume of smoke arising from the cooling tower of the Yongbyon nuclear reactor in North Korea, an indication that the reactor has been shut down.
	www.cyberwonders.com /law (2100 words)

	Lawyers Firm in Montreal, Quebec, Canada \| Commercial & Business Law
		The Law Firm of Lecours and Lessard is a canadian Montreal law firm which stems from the association of Me Alain P. Lecours and Me Daniel Lessard, who both specialize in commercial law and who are concerned with offering a wide range of legal services in response to their clients' needs.
		The Law Firm of Lecours and Lessard offers business legal services and tries to monitor the entire legal needs of the SMB (Small and Medium Business) through a personalized approach.
		Lecours and Lessard is the representative for Canada of BGI (Balms Group International), an association of independent Law Firms which offer services in the countries mentioned on the right side of the present page.
	www.lecours-lessard-lawyer.ca /lawyers-in-montreal-lecours-lessard-commercial-law-index.html (393 words)

	All Insurance Rates - Home Insurance Quotes, Auto Insurance Quotes, Home Owners Insurance Rates, Auto Insurance Rates, ...
		Florida's no-fault auto-insurance law -- due to face itsdemise Oct. 1 -- has been given another fleeting chance at life.
		Senate, House officials still differ on ideas Florida's no-fault auto insurance law — due to face its demise on Oct. 1 — has been given another fleeting chance at life.
		FRANKFORT - Democratic gubernatorial candidate Steve Beshear's law firm was the subject of an ethics investigation 12 years ago over the collapse of Kentucky Central Life Insurance Co., a newspaper reported Thursday.
	www.allinsurancerates.net /insurance-law (228 words)

	The Rightwing 'Smear Campaign' Against World Body
		The real agenda here seems to be undermining the U.N., which, for all its flaws, represents the world's best shot at some semblance of international law.
		It's called the rule of law and it's hard to imagine a civilized world without it.
		We are making such material available in our efforts to advance understanding of environmental, political, human rights, economic, democracy, scientific, and social justice issues, etc. We believe this constitutes a 'fair use' of any such copyrighted material as provided for in section 107 of the US Copyright Law.
	www.commondreams.org /views05/0403-24.htm (542 words)

	Links to Opinions of Legality of War Against Iraq
		International Appeal by Lawyers and Jurists against the "Preventive" Use of Force
		Richard Norton-Taylor, "Law Unto Themselves, The Guardian, March 14, 2003 ("A large majority of international lawyers reject the government's claim that UN resolution 1441 gives legal authority for an attack on Iraq.")
		Alan Elsner, "US War Without UN Approval Would Be Seen as Illegal," Reuters, March 6, 2003 ("Anne-Marie Slaughter, dean of Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, said eight out of 10 international lawyers would consider a U.S. attack without a new resolution as a violation of international law.").
	www.robincmiller.com /ir-legal.htm (929 words)

	Ohio Health Lawyer & Attorney : Jayne Juvan : Benesch Friedlander Law Firm : Serving Columbus, Cleveland, Cincinnati, ...
		Ohio Health Lawyer & Attorney : Jayne Juvan : Benesch Friedlander Law Firm : Serving Columbus, Cleveland, Cincinnati, Toledo, Akron, Dayton, Parma, Youngstown, Canton, and Lorain OH Ohio Health Lawyer & Attorney : Jayne Juvan : Benesch Friedlander Law Firm : Serving Columbus, Cleveland, Cincinnati, Toledo, Akron, Dayton, Parma, Youngstown, Canton, and Lorain OH
		If you are interested in tracking incidents involving counterfeit drugs, SafeMedicines.org covers international counterfeit drug developments.
		A few weeks back, Crain's Cleveland Business featured Juvan's Health Law Update in an article entitled "Attorneys Blawg for Info and Publicity." The article touches on both the benefits of blogging as well as the ethical issues that attorney bloggers must consider before posting articles and engaging in dialog with readers.
	www.juvanshealthlawupdate.com (1318 words)

	ASIL - ASIL Insights Archive
		The EU and Chile Suspend the Swordfish Case Proceedings at the WTO and the International Tribunal of the Law of the Sea
		International Law Implications from the 1999 Pakistani Coup d'etat
		Insights are not designed to argue a position, but rather to inform decision makers and the public of the relevance of international law to current events.
	www.asil.org /insights.htm (1898 words)

	Table of contents for Library of Congress control number 2004049732 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Table of contents for Colonialism, sovereignty, and the making of international law / Antony Anghie.
		On making war on the terrorists: imperialism as self-defense (i) Introduction (ii) The war against terrorism (WAT) (iii) The United States and imperial democracy (iv) Historical origins: war, conquest and self-defense (v) Terrorism and the United Nations: a Victorian moment (vi) Terrorism, self-defense and third world sovereignty Conclusion.
		Library of Congress subject headings for this publication: International law, Imperialism, Sovereignty, Indigenous peoples Legal status, laws, etc
	www.loc.gov /catdir/toc/cam051/2004049732.html (231 words)

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