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	Encyclopedia: Nelson Mandela
		Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (born July 18, 1918) is a former President of South Africa and one of its chief anti- apartheid activists.
		Mandela was also criticized for his close friendship with dictators such as Fidel Castro and Moammar-Al-Qadhafi, whom he called his "comrades in arms." His decision to commit South African troops to defeat the 1998 coup of Lesotho also remains a topic of some controversy.
		Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was born in a village near Umtata in the Transkei on the 18 July 1918.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Nelson-Mandela (933 words)

	MSN Encarta - Nelson Mandela
		Mandela became an international symbol of resistance to apartheid during his long years of imprisonment, and world leaders continued to demand his release.
		Mandela, who enjoyed enormous popularity, assumed the leadership of the ANC and led negotiations with the government for an end to apartheid.
		Mandela, who had announced that he would not run for reelection in 1999, stepped down as party leader of the ANC in late 1997 and was succeeded by South African deputy president Thabo Mbeki.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761556825 (1054 words)

	Apartheid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In 1964 Nelson Mandela, leader of the ANC, was sentenced to life imprisonment.
		On March 10, 1994, Nelson Mandela was sworn as president of South Africa before a euphoric crowd.
		In the preceding all-race elections, Mandela's ANC won a landslide victory, effectively terminating the apartheid era.
	hallencyclopedia.com /Apartheid (3243 words)

	Nelson Mandela - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nelson Mandela was born to a Thembu Xhosa family on July 18, 1918 in a village near Umtata in the Transkei.
		The ANC won a landslide victory, and Mandela, as leader of the ANC, was inaugurated as the country's first fl State President, with the National party's FW de Klerk as his deputy president in the Government of National Unity.
		President Mandela took a particular interest in helping to resolve the long-running dispute between Libya on the one hand, and the United States and Britain on the other, over bringing to trial the two Libyans who were accused of sabotaging Pan Am Flight 103 on December 21, 1988 with the loss of 270 lives.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nelson_Mandela (2865 words)

	OR Tambo - 1965
		Mandela studied by correspondence to gain an arts degree, enrolled for a law degree at the University of the Witwatersrand and was later articled to a firm of white attorneys.
		Mandela drafted the "M" plan, a simple commonsense plan for organisation on a street basis, so that Congress volunteers would be in daily touch with the people, alert to their needs and able to mobilise them.
		Mandela went home to survive a perilous existence underground for 17 months until he was betrayed by an informer and sentenced to five years' imprisonment for his leadership of the 1961 strike and for leaving the country illegally.
	www.anc.org.za /ancdocs/history/or/or65-1.html (1762 words)

	Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla
		Mandela's father, Chief Henry Mandela, was a member of Thembu people's royal lineage; his mother was one of the chief's four wives.
		Mandela was convicted of kidnapping and assault in the death of a Sweto teenager.
		Mandela succeeded Oliver Tambo as president of the ANC in 1992.
	archive.blackvoices.com /research/encarta/tt_018.asp (993 words)

	Nelson Mandela: bio and encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		At the age of seven, Rolihlahla Mandela became the first member of his family to attend school, where he was given the English name "Nelson" by a Methodist (A follower of Wesleyanism as practiced by the Methodist Church) teacher.
		Mandela and his colleagues accepted the case for armed action after the shooting of unarmed protesters at Sharpeville (additional info and facts about shooting of unarmed protesters at Sharpeville) in March 1960 and the subsequent banning of the ANC and other anti-apartheid groups.
		Mandela won, becoming the nation's first fl Head of State (The chief public representative of a country who may also be the head of government).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/n/ne/nelson_mandela.htm (1927 words)

	Biography of Nelson Mandela
		Mandela soon impressed his peers by his disciplined work and consistent effort and was elected to the Secretaryship of the Youth League in 1947.
		Mandela arrived at the conclusion very early on that the Bantustan policy was a political swindle and an economic absurdity.
		Mandela s statements in court during these trials are classics in the history of the resistance to apartheid, and they have been an inspiration to all who have opposed it.
	www.anc.org.za /people/mandela.html (3581 words)

	Nelson Mandela hero file
		Mandela is the first of his family to go to school, beginning his primary education when he is seven at a Methodist missionary school, where he is given the name Nelson.
		Mandela, who is both president of the Youth League and of the Transvaal region of the ANC, is now elected an ANC deputy national president.
		Mandela and de Klerk are awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in December for "their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime, and for laying the foundations for a new, democratic South Africa".
	www.moreorless.au.com /heroes/mandela.html (5703 words)

	Nelson Mandela Children's Fund - Information - Biography of Nelson Mandela (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Mandela qualified as a lawyer and in 1952 opened a law practice, the first fl legal firm in the country, in Johannesburg with his partner, Oliver Tambo.
		Mandela's mother died and his eldest son was killed in a car crash but he was not allowed to attend the funerals.
		Mandela never compromised his political principles and was always a source of strength for the other prisoners.
	www.mandela-children.ca /information/biography.html (619 words)

	A brief biography of Nelson Mandela
		Nelson Rolihlahla Dalibhunga Mandela was born July 18, 1918, near Umtata in Transkei, on the Eastern Cape of South Africa, into the royal family of the Thembu.
		In 1947, Mandela was elected to the Secretaryship of the Youth League, which came to dominate the ANC by 1948.
		Mandela was acquitted in 1961, after which he went underground and formed the ANC's military wing, Umkhonto we Sizwe (The Spear of the Nation).
	www.tokencoins.com /mandela.htm (980 words)

	PUK: Madiba
		Mandela and Tambo were elected to the executive of the ANC.
		Mandela and Oliver Tambo opened a law office in downtown Johannesburg and took on a heavy load of cases involving fls persecuted under the apartheid laws.
		Mandela together with other Rivonia trialists was charged with sabotage and attempting to overthrow the state violently.
	www.puk.ac.za /nuus/eng/2003/news91.html (464 words)

	Nelson Mandela (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Mandela was trained to become the next chief to rule his tribe, but he was also a determined student and eventually joined an all fl college, Fort Hare, where he was expelled for joining a student boycott.
		Mandela traveled the country organizing resistance to discriminatory legislation, often referred to as the "Black Pimpernal" by the press because of the disguises he used to avoid police.
		Mandela and de Klerk were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 for their efforts in negotiating an end to apartheid.
	novaonline.nv.cc.va.us /eli/evans/his135/Events/mandela94.htm (1713 words)

	Nelson Mandela - Madiba
		Mr Mandela was born into the royal family of the Tembu at Qunu, near Umtata, on 18 July 1918.
		Mandela and his co-accused had consistently advised their followers to adopt a peaceful course of action and to avoid all violence.
		Mandelas statements in court during these trials are classics in the history of the resistance to apartheid, and they have been an inspiration to all who have opposed it.
	www.freedom.co.za /madiba.html (2054 words)

	AfricanTribute
		Mandela being the great man that he is, has never shyed away from his real friends and made sure they got the front seats during his presidential inauguration ceremony in 1994.
		Mandela's father Henry Mgadla Mandela, was chief counselor to Thembuland paramount chief, David Dalindyebo.
		In 1947, Mandela was elected Secretary of the Youth League, and in 1949, obviously annoyed by the government's all-white elections, the ANC adopted the Youth League's tactics as official party policy.
	kenya740.tripod.com /nelsonmandela.html (1360 words)

	Touch of Mandela (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		By 1952 Mandela and Tambo had opened the first fl legal firm in the country, and Mandela was both Transvaal president of the ANC and deputy national president.
		In prison Mandela never compromised his political principles and was always a source of strength for the other prisoners.
		Mandela has honorary degrees from more than 50 international universities and is chancellor of the University of the North.
	www.touchofmandela.com /01a.php?PHPSESSID=d644e667ded0da3ef4bc1164d8b8e16d (795 words)

	frontline: the long walk of nelson mandela: interviews
		He has known Mandela since their days at the University College of Fort Hare and was a leader with Mandela in the ANC Youth League.
		He was with Mandela in South Africa for most of 1993, and during the election of 1994.
		She is the wife of Oliver Tambo, ANC president and Mandela's former law partner, and has known Mandela for decades.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/mandela/interviews (548 words)

	Nelson Mandela and the Rainbow of Culture
		Nelson Mandela negotiated the dismantling of the apartheid regime in South Africa, settled an agreement on universal suffrage and democratic elections, and became the first fl president of the country in 1994.
		Mandela was forever to praise his teachers, and these school experiences are part and parcel of the stress on education in the ANC Program of Action of 1949, which, in its basic aims, established the educational means and the cultural ends of liberation:
		In his Nobel lecture, Nelson Mandela referred to the organic world-view expressed already in the manifesto of 1944, calling himself a mere representative of the millions of people across the globe who "recognised that an injury to one is an injury to all;" which is the essence of ubuntu philosophy universally applied.
	nobelprize.org /peace/articles/mandela (4978 words)

	Nelson Mandela awarded Honorary Degree (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Nelson Mandela, the State President of South Africa, awarded an honorary degree by the University of Warwick at a special ceremony in Buckingham Palace on Wednesday July 10th.
		Nelson Mandela was born at Qunu, near Umtata on 18 July 1918.
		After a period in Algeria, Mandela returned to South Africa but was immediately arrested for leaving the country illegally and for incitement to strike..
	www.warwick.ac.uk /services/publicity/PR/pr17h.htm (458 words)

	Malaspina Great Books - Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (1918-)
		Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, (born 18 July 1918) is a former President of South Africa, was one of its chief anti-apartheid activists, and was also an anti-apartheid saboteur and guerrilla leader.
		Mandela and his colleagues accepted the case for armed action after the shooting of unarmed protesters at Sharpeville in March 1960 and the subsequent banning of the ANC and other anti-apartheid groups.
		Mandela was also criticized for his close friendship with leaders such as Fidel Castro and Moammar Al Qadhafi, whom he called his "comrades in arms." His decision to commit South African troops to defeat the 1998 coup in Lesotho also remains a topic of some controversy.
	www.malaspina.org /home.asp?topic=./search/details&lastpage=./search/results&ID=470 (1926 words)

	NELSON MANDELA. Free term papers for college, book reports and research papers. Welcome to Quality Essays
		Mandela's rise to the South African presidency, after his release is well documented, but in order to truly understand Mandela, one must examine his life before his prison term, and rise to the presidency.
		Mandela was the leader of this group until he was arrested in Natal on August 5, 1962, and sentenced to life in jail (27).
		Mandela's efforts to overturn apartheid can really be admired by all of humanity, not just because he was dedicated to overthrow an evil system, but because of the manner in which he did so.
	www.qualityessays.com /essay/011947.html (3745 words)

	Nelson Mandela - Biography
		Mandela himself was educated at University College of Fort Hare and the University of Witwatersrand and qualified in law in 1942.
		Mandela was arrested in 1962 and sentenced to five years' imprisonment with hard labour.
		In 1963, when many fellow leaders of the ANC and the Umkhonto we Sizwe were arrested, Mandela was brought to stand trial with them for plotting to overthrow the government by violence.
	nobelprize.org /peace/laureates/1993/mandela-bio.html (603 words)

	Boeken over Nelson Mandela
		Account of the Rivionia Trial 1963-1964 in which senior members of MK were tried (Nelson Mandela et al.), told by the instructing attorney who represented the accused, and drafted just after the trial.
		Mandela, Tambo, and the African National Congress : the struggle against apartheid 1948-1990, a documentary survey / Sheridan Johns and R. Hunt Davis Jr.
		Hagiographic biography of N. Mandela: his childhood, involvement in the ANC in 1950s, Winnie, underground, sentenced to life, and extensive quotes from his prison-letters to his family, friends etc. and memorabilia (Mandela milestones) and family tree.
	www.niza.nl /uk/press/mandela/boek.html (844 words)

	MANDELA SPEECH AT TAMBO MEMORIAL HOSPITAL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Many of you may not know that Oliver Tambo's dream, after he matriculated with distinction in 1938, was to become a medical doctor.
		Much of Oliver Tambo's most significant work was done in the 30 years he spent in exile when the minority government made it a crime to report his words.
		Whether you change the linen or stitch up wounds, cook the food for dispense the medicines, it is in your hands to help build a public service worthy of all those who gave their lives for the dream of democracy.
	www.polity.org.za /html/govdocs/speeches/1998/sp0416.html?rebookmark=1 (1061 words)

	Amazon.com: Mandela, Tambo, and the African National Congress : The Struggle Against Apartheid, 1948-1990, A ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Representative writings and public statements of Mandela and Tambo, together with key ANC documents and lucid interpretive essays by the editors, help bring this continuing struggle to life.
		Also included are compelling accounts from Mandela's fellow prisoners and visitors that show how Mandela's conduct in prison enhanced his leadership status and helped make him one of the world's most famous political prisoners.
		Providing a clear background necessary for an understanding of the present negotiations between the ANC and the South African government, Mandela, Tambo, and the African National Congress is invaluable to anyone interested in fl South Africa's struggle to free itself from apartheid.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0195057848?v=glance (547 words)

	Tambo, Oliver Reginald -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		April 24, 1993, Johannesburg, South Africa), directed the activities of the fl nationalist African National Congress (ANC) from exile for 30 years (1960-90); he served as ANC president general from 1969 until 1991, when he was succeeded by his college friend and former law partner, Nelson Mandela.
		More results on "Tambo, Oliver Reginald" when you join.
		An American painter born in Paris, Reginald Marsh was noted especially for his portrayal of life in and around New York City.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9113263?tocId=9113263 (615 words)

	South Africa
		Mandela, Tambo, and the African National Congress: The Struggle Against Apartheid, 1948-1990: A Documentary Survey.
		Mandela, Tambo, and the African National Congress: The Struggle Against Apartheid, 1948-1990.
		Juckes, Tim J. Opposition in South Africa: The Leadership of Z.K. Matthews, Nelson Mandela, and Stephen Biko.
	www.country-data.com /frd/cs/south_africa/za_bibl.html (10055 words)

	South Africa - Black Resistance in the 1950s
		They called on the organization to adopt the use of strikes, boycotts, stay-at-homes, and various forms of civil disobedience and non-cooperation to make the apartheid system unworkable.
		Overcoming the opposition of ANC president Alfred Xuma, the CYL succeeded in 1949 in electing James Moroka to the presidency, in seating three CYL members (Sisulu, Tambo, and Mandela) on the party's national executive body, and in persuading the congress formally to adopt the program of action.
		In 1956 the police arrested 156 leaders, including Luthuli, Mandela, Tambo, Sisulu, and others, and put them on trial for treason in a court case that dragged on for five years.
	countrystudies.us /south-africa/26.htm (901 words)

	Mandelaguidefourtoseven (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		What kind of cases did people bring to the law firm of Mandela and Tambo?
		What were some of Mandela's aims in attending the PAFMECSA conference in 1962?
		What report did Mandela make to his ANC comrades following his return from his African
	www.udel.edu /poscir/gbauer/439/Mandelaguidefourtoseven.html (324 words)

	OUP: Mandela, Tambo, and the African National Congress: Johns
		OUP: Mandela, Tambo, and the African National Congress: Johns
		In this anthology, Sheridan Johns and Hunt Davis, two widely respected scholars of South Africa, address the many questions raised by the country's anti-apartheid struggle by focusing on the writings and speeches of Mandela, Tambo, and the ANC.
		Content and Graphics copyright Oxford University Press, 2005.
	www.oup.co.uk /isbn/0-19-505784-8 (311 words)

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