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Topic: Mandinka languages

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	Language Log: Suppose generative syntax was born in Nigeria?
		Scandinavian languages like Danish and Swedish are almost as poor in conjugational suffixes as English, and yet in some dialects the verb moves.
		In Edoid languages, various tenses are encoded solely by a tone change on the verb rather than prefixes or suffixes.
		Theories of language change show that tones arise by accident, such as when consonants at the beginning or end of a word wear away and leave a difference in pitch as a remnant like the Cheshire Cat disappears and leaves his smile, to quote the masterful analogy of Jim Matisoff.
	itre.cis.upenn.edu /~myl/languagelog/archives/000555.html (928 words)

	African Language Dictionaries, Glossaries and Lexicons
		Iká is an Igboid language spoken in southern Nigeria.
		Basa language as spoken near the Niger-Benue confluence in Nigeria.
		MANDINKA (MANDINGUE, MANDINGO, MANDINQUE, MANDING) [MNK] 350,000 in Gambia (1993 UBS) or 40.4% of the population; 445,500 in Senegal (1991); 119,500 in Guinea Bissau (1993); 914,500 in all countries.
	home.acceleration.net /clark/Links/Lexicon.htm (1052 words)

	Bantaba in Cyberspace - Language and Development
		I am mandinka i have been learning to speak english since i was 5 and i still do not consider myself fluent enough in it.
		Language is the cornerstone of European nationalism which would never have happened if the official language of the respective European countries was Latin or Greek.
		Because African official languages are foreign and the instrument of government is formulated and written by colonialists in colonial languages that have no relation to the glory of the African past.
	www.gambia.dk /forums/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=12 (2204 words)

	African Languages
		The three most important languages are Moore (Mossi), spoken as a first or second language by over half the population, mainly in the center of the country; Jula (a Mande variety), spoken in the west; and Fufulde (a variety of Fula), spoken in the east.
		The main languages are Amharic, Oromo, Tigrinya and Somali, with Amharic as the lingua franca being spoken as a first language by approximately 28 percent of the population and as a second language by a further 40 percent.
		It is estimated that 13 indigenous languages are spoken in Malawi, The 1966 population census indicated that Chichewa was the majority language, spoken as a native language by 50.2 percent of the population and as a second language by a further 25 percent.
	chora.virtualave.net /afrilang1.html (10097 words)

	Mandinka people - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Mandinka (also known as Mandingo) are a Mande people of West Africa, all descend physically or culturally from the ancient Mali Empire which controlled the trans-Saharic trade from the Middle East to West Africa.
		Mandinka now number over one million and reside in many countries throughout West Africa: Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, the Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Senegal, and Sierra Leone.
		Common dialects are Mandinka of The Gambia and Senegal, Malinké of Guinea and Mali, and Soninke of the southern states of West Africa, as well as other West African languages ending in 'ke' or 'ka' (meaning "talk" or "people").
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mandinka_people (311 words)

	language families of the world
		Languages include Hindi and Urdu (400 million), Bengali (200 million), Spanish (300 million), Portuguese (200 million), French (100 million), German (100 million), Russian (300 million), and English (400 million) in Europe and the Americas.
		There are three language isolates represented on this map, unrelated to any of the language families: Basque thrives between France and Spain.
		The Kartvelian languages are considered by many linguists to be a separate family, possibly related to Indo-European.
	www.ship.edu /~cgboeree/languagefamilies.html (835 words)

	Foundation For Endangered Languages Issue 26.
		This is a language that is going through an accelerating process of endangerment, due to the pressure of former colonial languages and other expanding neighbouring languages, and to massive migrations that are leaving from the traditional Mandinka territories (specially in Casamance, Senegal).
		The two languages are closely related, but demonstrate considerable differences in their lexicon, to the extent that mutual understanding is impossible.
		In some cases, endangered languages may have gone into their own world-wide diapora: such is the case of Plautdietsch, language of the Mennonites, who emigrated to many places (Siberia, Canada, Mexico, Paraguay), where often their language became marginalised.
	www.ogmios.org /261.htm (1733 words)

	BU \| MFLL \| Programs \| Language Requirement
		Students are encouraged to choose a language that will complement their current interests, fields of study, and future career plans.
		In some languages, there is a choice between a four-skills approach and a reading sequence.
		The reading sequence courses are taught in English using a traditional grammar and translation approach enhanced by the study of texts from a wide variety of authentic sources: literature, advertising, the press, and cinema.
	www.bu.edu /mfll/programs/langreq/index.html (304 words)

	Languages. The World Factbook. 2003
		Mahorian (a Swahili dialect), French (official language) spoken by 35% of the population
		French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north)
		English (official national language, taught in grade schools, used in courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio broadcasts), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages, preferred for native language publications in the capital and may be taught in school), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic
	www.bartleby.com /151/fields/37.html (1758 words)

	Mandinka Translation Service - English to Mandinka Translation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		You probably don't speak Mandinka yourself, so there are a few questions you'll need to consider when choosing a translation company.
		Language is a living thing it develops and changes constantly.
		Mandinka, Eastern Maninkakan, and Malinke are separate languages.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /languages/mandinka_translation.shtml (456 words)

	The Hail Mary in Foreign Languages
		Basque is a language from Biscay, a region contiguous to France and Spain.
		Chamorro is a language from the Island of Guam.
		Maltese is a language from the Island of Malta.
	campus.udayton.edu /mary/resources/flhm02.html (450 words)

	Guinea-Bissau (04/94)
		Languages: Portuguese (official), Criolo, French, many indigenous languages, including Mandinka and Fula.
		The population of Guinea-Bissau is ethnically diverse with distinct languages, customs, and social structures.
		Most people are agriculturalists, with traditional religious beliefs (animism); 30% percent are Muslim, principally Fula and Mandinka-speaker concentrated in the north and northeast.
	www.state.gov /outofdate/bgn/g/7234.htm (1874 words)

	Wolof - Wollof - Language Directory
		Wolof is a language spoken in Senegal, the Gambia, and Mauritania, and it is the native language of the ethnic group of the Wolof people.
		The official language of the Gambia is English.
		The Gambia's dominant languages, Mandinka (40%), Wolof (15%) and Fula (15%), also have official status, but are as yet not used in formal education.
	language-directory.50webs.com /languages/wollof.htm (395 words)

	African Languages by Countries :: Official and national Languages of Africa
		Native African languages belonging to Sudanic family spoken by 90% of the population.
		Eight national languages, Soussou (Susu, in coastal Guinea), Peulh (Fulani, in Northrn Guinea), Maninka (Upper Guinea), Kissi (Kissidougou Region), Toma and Guerze (Kpelle) in rain forest Guinea; plus various ethnic groups with their own language.
		Afrikaans common language of most of the population and about 60% of the white population, German 32%, indigenous languages: Oshivambo, Herero, Nama.
	www.nationsonline.org /oneworld/african_languages.htm (583 words)

	language
		The data can be accessed by country or territory name, language or dialect name and through a language family tree.
		Cary Campbell is researching the topic of the history of the Mande peoples and the development of their language.
		Gwenyth J. Lafleur covers a wider area of languages than Cary Campbell in "Mande Roots", thereby presenting the Mande language in the larger context of the Niger-Congo familiy, with over 1400 different languages.
	tcd.freehosting.net /djembemande/language.html (196 words)

	Gambia Language Resources
		The following files are available for the study of the Mandinka and Wolof languages.
		The Mandinka Grammar Manual is 44 pages long and is available in PDF format.
		Living Lexicon for MS Access is a user-friendly database application of Mandinka and Wolof vocabulary.
	www.africanculture.dk /gambia/langabot.htm (839 words)

	Ethnologue, Languages of the World
		Over 12,000 citations spanning 70 years of SIL International's language research in over 1,000 languages.
		Books about languages and cultures of the world for education, research, and reference.
		Computer resources including an extensive library for language researchers and software tools and fonts.
	www.ethnologue.com (74 words)

	N'KO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		One of his goals was to show that African languages, and Mandinka (closely related to Bambara) in particular, could be written.
		A third goal was to preserve traditional knowledge, by giving people a way to write it down in their own language without having to go to school.
		N'KO shows influences from both European languages (the shapes of some of the characters) and Arabic (the alphabetical order and the fact that it is written from right to left).
	www.uiowa.edu /~linguist/faculty/culy/nko (222 words)

	Free Online Language Courses
		Word2Word is pleased to provide these links in the hope of all people developing a better understanding of others through the use of language.
		Please note that some of the courses may require your browser to have the ability to read the language being learned.
		The links we provide are to free resources; however, if you do need to purchase language learning software, tapes or books then you can visit this link.
	www.word2word.com /coursead.html (315 words)

	PanAfrLoc \| PanAfrLoc / Manding (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Mandinka is spoken in The Gambia and Senegal (where it is often called Malinké in French).
		Bamanankan dialects are spoken in varying degrees by 80% of the population in Mali.
		It is a separate language from Bambara and Malinke, and ethnically distinct.
	www.bisharat.net /wikidoc/pmwiki.php/PanAfrLoc/Manding (1174 words)

	Guinea-Bissau (09/03)
		Ethnic groups: Balanta 30%, Fula 20%, Manjaca 14%, Mandinka 13%, Papel 7%.
		Languages: Portuguese (official), Creole, French, many indigenous languages, including Mandinka and Fula.
		Most people are farmers, with traditional religious beliefs (animism); 45% are Muslim, principally Fula and Mandinka-speaker concentrated in the north and northeast.
	www.state.gov /outofdate/bgn/g/31802.htm (2081 words)

	yourDictionary.com.Comprehensive and Authoritative Language Portal
		There are 6,800 known languages spoken in the 200 countries of the world.
		New languages and dictionaries are constantly being added to yourDictionary.com; as a result, we have the widest and deepest set of dictionaries, grammars, and other language resources on the web.
		If you cannot find the language resources you want on line, yourDictionary now offers 25,000 language resources on tape, video, CD ROM, and in traditional book form for children and adults in cooperation with WorldLanguage.
	www.yourdictionary.com /languages.html (215 words)

	Languages
		The Pulaar Guide for Peace Corps Guinea is the best resource for learning this difficult and amazing language.
		Wolof is one of the native languages of Senegal.
		Here are some links to African languages including Wolof.
	www.friendsofguinea.org /languages.shtml (168 words)

	AFRICAN LANGUAGE EXPERT DIRECTORY
		LANGUAGES: Oshiwambo languages, such as Oshikwanyama and Oshindonga which are spoken in Namibia.
		A “work in progress”, this site includes a directory of language experts that can be searched by language or personal name.
		The creators of the site expect largely linguists, language teachers, translators, but also historians, librarians, school teachers, and others.
	www.lib.msu.edu /lauer/alc-catcom/ALEdirectory.htm (420 words)

	African Language Material Archives (WARC)
		ALMA is an initiative that aims at increasing dissemination of, and access to materials published in indigenous African languages, thereby aiding the retention of vernacular literacy in Africa.
		This pilot application is a multilingual digital library of 31 electronic publications in three West African Languages: Mandinka (10), Pulaar (10) and Wolof (11).
		It covers educational cultural and development themes of interest to neo-literates and basic readers speaking one of these languages, and is intended principally for use in public libraries, schools and post literacy programmes.
	www.warc-croa.org /alma.htm (1311 words)

	Maninka
		Migration and trade have spread speakers and their languages across West Africa, although in some cases the differences between languages of different names are relatively slight and it seems more appropriate to call them dialects of the same language (e.g.
		Bamana is spoken in central Mali, Maninka is spoken in western Mali and eastern Guinea; Dyula is the name for the same language in Côte d'Ivoire, and comes from the term for trader.
		This is particularly obvious for the Gambian Mandinka, who look back to Tira Magan Traore as the leader who led the migration into the Gambia and whose story is usually told as the end of the epic of Sunjata, but it applies to other peoples as well.
	www.personal.psu.edu /staff/s/p/spb3/maninka.html (783 words)

	[No title]
		PEOPLE The population of Guinea-Bissau is ethnically diverse with distinct languages, customs, and social structures.
		Direct private sector assistance is offered to help the country respond quickly to emerging market opportunities.
		The United States and Guinea-Bissau signed an international military training agreement (IMET) in 1986, and the U.S. has provided English- language teaching facilities as well as communications and navigational equipment to support the navy's costal surveillance program.
	www.umsl.edu /services/govdocs/backgroundnotes/guineabissau.txt (2190 words)

	Any English > Mandinka/Fulbe translator? (Arabic)
		Arabic is an international language spoken by 300 million people in 25 countries and among six accredited languages in the UN.
		I never heard of the language you mentioned.
		Mandinka is one of the languages used in Gambia and Senegal, probable in other African countries or by other ethnic tribes.
	www.proz.com /post/92610 (161 words)

	Online Dictionaries and Translators (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		199 languages are currently listed in the dictionaries.
		There are currently over 4,000 dictionary and language links on the website.
		These dictionaries must be a spoken language or dialect.
	www.word2word.com /dictionary.html (57 words)

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