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Topic: Mangla Dam

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	Pakistan Water Gateway - Articles - Increasing storage capacity of Mangla Dam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Mangla Dam was constructed on the river Jehlum under the Indus Basin Treaty between Pakistan and India.
		and the height of the Mangla Dam is being raised.
		One is that the raising of the height of the dam was provided in the original design of the project; secondly, the height is being raised to regain the original storage capacity of the dam that has considerably decreased due to sedimentation.
	www.waterinfo.net.pk /artisc.htm (1181 words)

	REFUGEE WATCH
		The projects for building large dams at Terbela, and Mnagla were initiated in the early decades of the independence to rise among the industrialized countries of the world.
		Kaptai dam was constructed in the Chittagong hill tracts.
		Mangla dam was constructed around the same time, in Mirpur district of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, when Kaptai dam was started.
	www.safhr.org /refugee_watch15_3.htm (1712 words)

	The Mangla Dam raising project -DAWN - Business; January 6, 2003
		The ground-breaking to raise the Mangla Dam by 30 feet, by President General Pervez Musharraf on September 30, 2002 has marked the beginning of the development work of the first phase of the Vision 2025 which is the second large development outlay after the Indus Basin Resettlement Project.
		The geographical and environmental conditions, it may be appreciated, are quite congenial for the raising of Mangla Dam so as to replenish the lost capacity behind the massive structure, to add 2.9 MAF water storage capability to the existing capacity of the reservoir.
		Mangla was the only suitable site to build a dam on river Jhelum to create a large water reservoir behind the dam, which was constructed in 1967 to meet dire need of shortage of river waters for timely irrigation supplies resulting from the Indus Basin Treaty between India and Pakistan.
	www.dawn.com /2003/01/06/ebr12.htm (803 words)

	OPF
		The Mangla Dam on the River Jhelum is one of the longest earth-fill dams in the world.
		Tanda Dam was built 4 miles west of Kohat (NWFP) so as to impound the surplus water of the Kohat Toi, a right bank tributary of the Indus, during high floods into on off-channel reservoir with a storage capacity of 78,000 acre feet.
		Tarbela one of the largest earth-filled dams in the world and the largest dam in Pakistan is designed to store the waters of the Indus at a point where the river leaves the Himalayan foothills to enter the Potohar Plateau.
	www.opf.org.pk /almanac/D/dams.htm (992 words)

	Concerning the Kalabagh dam controversy
		The building of more dams is vital not only for Pakistan's agriculture but also for the economy as a whole since these dams would be dual-purpose dams, serving as both water-storage reservoirs and hydroelectric dams for generating low-cost electricity.
		Mangla, which originally had a gross storage capacity of 5.35 million acre-feet, is also silting up, though not as fast as Tarbela thanks to a watershed management and silt-trap storage project in the catchment area above the dam.
		Raising Mangla Dam's height by 40 feet (work on which is now underway) is aimed at making up for the loss of reservoir storage capacity due to silting.
	www.cobrapost.com /documents/Kalabaghdam.htm (1192 words)

	Wetlands & Water Resources Programme of IUCN - The World Conservation Union
		The building of Tarbela Dam resulted in the increase in the water table of the surrounding towns; water logging and salinity also increased, turning fertile agricultural land into waste land; ecosystems such as the Indus Delta suffered due to the decrease of freshwater flow.
		The Mangla Dam caused an increase in the water table of Mirpur.
		The Bhasha (Diamar) Dam (3,360 MW), another large-scale project is still under consideration, and is being heavily opposed by the people of Chilas, where it may displace around 1,500 households, bring a large portion of Karakoram Highway underwater and destroy the natural habitat of some species.
	www.iucn.org /themes/wetlands/pakdam.html (652 words)

	Kalabagh Dam Political, Environmental & Humanitarian Disaster .::. Indus SRC
		Mangla Dam was built on Indus’s tributary Jhelum river in 1967 for the storage of 5.3 MAF water.
		Tarbela Dam was built on Indus in 1975 for the storage of 9.3 MAF water.
		The dam came close to failure twice: in 1977 by the collapse of two of its outlets due to cavitation, and in 1978 by massive erosion of the plunge pool that began to erode the flow spillway.
	www31.brinkster.com /induspak/KalaBagh.htm (3090 words)

	The Moore Family's Web site: Dam stuff (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Mangla Dam on the Jehlum River in West Pakistan, 1962-1965...
		The reservoir and dam, dedicated in 1971 and owned by the Turlock and Modesto irrigation districts, were built with multiple benefits in mind: water storage, power generation, flood control and recreation.
		The Guri Dam is Venezuela's largest dam, and the world's second largest in terms of installed capacity (10.000 MW), only surpassed by the Itaipú dam in Brazil/Paraguay (12.600 MW).
	hometown.aol.com /moorerandy/dam/dam.htm (521 words)

	Kalabagh: Harbinger of Prosperity Or Agent (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This is the Big Dam lobby-which is not as strong as it was a few years ago, mainly because of a growing movement of Dam-affected people and concerned environmentalists who have experienced the human misery and ecological disasters of large dams the world over from the United States to China and India.
		Dams are built for meeting two main needs: for irrigation purposes by storing water to compensate for fluctuations in river flows; and for hydro-power generation.
		Whether it is a carryover dam of sufficient storage capacity upstream of Tarbela, increasing irrigation efficiency through plugging the leaks in the system, initiating working on a more decentralized irrigation and power generation system-all this can be explored, if the government initiates a serious public debate on these issues.
	www.binoria.org /albineng/july98/kalabagh.html (2010 words)

	International Water Power and Dam Construction
		The existing dam and other appurtenant structures were designed to allow for the future raising of the dam and concrete structures.
		At Tarbela dam, natural sand and gravel from the Indus riverbed was used in concrete after testing by petrographic, chemical and mortar bar method (TAM Report, WAPDA 1965).
		Because of the concrete service record of these two major dams in Pakistan, and the minimal knowledge of slowly reactive minerals, it became necessary to conduct an elaborate exploration programme to evaluate the Mangla dam’s concrete in terms of ASR.
	www.waterpowermagazine.com /storyprint.asp?sc=2026000 (2191 words)

	TIME.com: Dam at Mangla -- Dec. 1, 1967 -- Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Last week Pakistan President Ayub Khan came to Mangla to dedicate its new clay and sandstone dam—part of a $2 billion complex that when completed will be the world's largest irrigation network, bringing water to 30 million acres of land and serving the 50 million people who live in the vast Indus River basin.
		The Mangla dam, first part of the complex to be completed, took a group of eight U.S. companies led by Guy F. Atkinson Co.
		Present at the dedication of the Mangla dam last week were Guy F. Atkinson, who at 92 is still active as board chairman of the company, and his son, Company President George Atkinson.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,712041,00.html (781 words)

	Mangla Dam Trip - March 2002 Photo Gallery by Waqas Usman at pbase.com
		The dam is 3,353 meters long and 116 meters high above the river bed.
		In the centre of the dam there is a Gakkhar Fort from where one can have a panoramic view of the lake.
		These Mangla pics are from my early days of photography (not that I'm an "expert" now) and almost all of these need to be improved, I just uploaded them for the sake of sharing with friends and it has grown to be one of the top google results for Mangla Dam.
	www.pbase.com /waqas/mangladamtrip (445 words)

	Pakistan Link Headlines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The commissioner during the briefing underlined the need for raising of Mangla Dam Project by 30 feet as the completion capacity of the Dam has been reduced by 20% (one million acre feet).
		The Minister was also informed about several benefits of the Raising of the level of Dam including, average annual increase of 2.9 MAF in water availability, 772 GWH increase in energy, effective control, restrict advancement of sediment delta, job opportunities, improved socio economic conditions and fisheries and recreation.
		The Minister was informed that desilting of Mangla Reservoir and construction of Small Dam has been examined as alternate to the Mangla Dam raising.
	www.pakistanlink.com /headlines/Aug04/07/08.html (317 words)

	Pakistan Times \| Top Story: Mangla Dam Project to raise energy output by 12 pc in Pakistan
		During a briefing to the visiting journalists at Mangla Dam, General Manager Project North WAPDA Brig Mushtaq Ahmed explained that a provision for raising the dam was kept in the original design of Mangla Dam.
		The Mangla Dam’s original storage capacity was 5.88 MAF in 1967 but by 2002 it lost 1.16 MAF (20%).
		The main spillway of the dam was unique in nature and went through a successful test in 1992 with maximum waterflow of one million cusecs.
	pakistantimes.net /2005/05/02/top5.htm (729 words)

	Mangla Dam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Mangla Dam was the first development project undertaken to reduce this shortcoming and strengthen the irrigation system.
		The dam was damaged partially during an Indian Air Force bombing in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 when the hydel project was hit by the bombs.
		This implies a reduction of 19.22% in the capacity of the dam.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mangla_Dam (474 words)

	The News - International
		Under the Mangla dam-raising project, he said, work on the main dam was going on satisfactorily and work on another dam adjacent to the main dam was going on according to schedule.
		As regards the much trumpeted Gomal Zam dam, on which work was stalled in the wake of the kidnapping of officials of a Chinese company and then their killings by outlaws, Gen Zubair said that now the Frontier Works Organisation (FWO) would complete that project as per the decision of the government.
		Answering a question, he said the rates of the Chinese company would be the same and the company would complete the main dam at a cost of $87 million, while the Turkish company would execute the irrigation portion at a cost of $50 million to $55 million.
	www.thenews.com.pk /daily_detail.asp?id=25675 (750 words)

	Critical reservoirs silting up (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Mangla Dam is on the river Jhelum, about 30 km upstream of Jhelum city (120 km from Islamabad).
		"Tarbela dam is the most vulnerable as it is the first dam on the Indus and receives most of the silt - Mangla is also eroding, whilst Chasma is not eroding to the same degree," a spokesperson from The World Conservation Union (IUCN), Farhan Sami, told IRIN from Karachi.
		Another option is to build a dam further upstream which will act as a holding cell for the silt and minimise impact," Sami commented, adding the life of Tarbela dam was initially 60 years but it had been estimated that it would now be serviceable for 85 years.
	www.irinnews.org /print.asp?ReportID=36499 (726 words)

	Awami National Party - Official Website
		In spite of rejection of Kalabagh Dam Project by the environmental and irrigation experts and by the three out of four peoples and provinces (Sindh, NWFP, Balochistan) of Pakistan through their duly elected Provincial Assemblies, On June 11 1998 Prime Minister of Pakistan announced his government's decision to construct Kalabagh dam.
		4- Mangla Dam was built on Indus's tributary Jhelum river in 1967 for the storage of 5.3 MAF water.
		The proposal of Kalabagh dam officially surfaced in 1984, in July 1985 the federal Minister of Water and Power formally announced that the project work had been started and the dam would be completed in 1994.
	www.anp.org.pk /kalabaghdam.htm (3059 words)

	Kalabagh Dam: Look Before Your Leap .::. Indus SRC
		It may be stated that the storage dams already constructed in Pakistan and the proposed Kalabagh Dam are designed to store water from the flow available during a particular year after meeting the current requirements and the balance water of high floods is spilled over in to the sea.
		Due to acute sedimentation problem, this dam had to be redesigned and reconstructed within a short period of four years, because back water deposit extended up stream with remarkable rapidity endangering industrial and agriculture activities in the vicinity of the reservoir.
		If the dam is constructed inspite of this position, it will stand high and dry for most of the years as a monument of defective planning and wasteful expenditure.
	www31.brinkster.com /induspak/KBDamLBYL.htm (6184 words)

	Rivers water dispute
		Dam sites at Mangla on Jhelum and Durband, Tarbela and Kalabagh on Indus were investigated among many others.
		The Mangla site on Jhelum was found to be most suitable and was approved for construction of a dam by government of Pakistan in 1953.
		Both Tarbela and Mangla are rated at some 63 percent Installed capacity because of very high variation in river flows during a year.
	www.sanalist.org /kalabagh/a-22.htm (1448 words)

	Pakistan Water Gateway - Key Water Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Kahan Nullah is nearly forty miles long and drains the Rohtas area, where an auxiliary storage of Mangla Dam was considered.
		Earthfill dam with a gross storage capacity of 5.88 MAF.
		A dam on that site has the potential to ruin the entire system of the triple canal project within Pakistan namely, the upper Jhelum Canal, upper Chenab Canal and the lower Bari Doab Canal.
	www.waterinfo.net.pk /fsrj.htm (974 words)

	Kalabagh Dam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Kalabagh dam is a mega water reservoir that Government of Pakistan planning to develop across the Indus River, one of the world's largest rivers.
		According to the PC-II of the Project, Kala Bagh dam was initiated by GOP in 1953, and until 1973, the project was basically considered as a storage project for meeting the irrigation needs, and consequently, rapid increases in the cost of energy have greatly enhanced the priority of the dam as a power project.
		By opposing the dam they are signalling their disaffection with being the poorest province and most neglegted of all in development.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kalabagh_Dam (1658 words)

	The Hindu : National : Mirpur residents face displacement
		When the dam was built in the 1960s, more than one lakh people were displaced.
		Chinese engineers are supervising the work to increase the dam height from the existing 1,210 ft. It would result in additional power generation capacity.
		Residents alleged that when the dam was built, the rehabilitation measures were far from satisfactory.
	www.hindu.com /2006/02/19/stories/2006021904151200.htm (438 words)

	Pakistan Case Study - Executive Summary
		The catchment area upstream of Tarbela dam is predominately a barren and glaciated landscape and the main source of inflow to the Indus is snowmelt and glacial flow.
		They demand that a part of the earnings from the dam should be earmarked for the development of the communities where the displaced have settled and for those that were affected but kept outside the formal compensation mechanisms.
		Soon after the commissioning of the dam in 1976, it was realised that the overall efficiency of irrigated agriculture was unsatisfactory and needed to be improved substantially to derive maximum benefit from major irrigation projects like Tarbela and Mangla.
	www.dams.org /kbase/studies/pk/pk_exec.htm (10698 words)

	Kalabagh Dam, Pakistan (Longish!)
		It may be of interest to you all since dams of this nature would have a considerable effect on the "natural history" of the catchment and command areas of the Indus River and its delta within Pakistan and adjoining parts of India.
		Witnessing the outrageous conduct of WAPDA during earlier floods when it put Mangla dam ahead of people downstream (in Jhelum), the communities of these regions refuse to place their lives and livelihoods in certain jeopardy at the hands of dam engineers.
		It is a travesty of national development to build Kalabagh dam by the forced destruction of the lives and livelihoods of millions of people in the lower riparian region of Pakistan.
	ces.iisc.ernet.in /hpg/envis/doc98html/ecodam86.html (1924 words)

	Pakistan News Service - PakTribune
		Spokesman of the Anti - Mangla Dam Expansion Committee Arif Chuadry said that the expansion of the Mangla Dam is in progress with out any survey and against the will of the people, which will affect more than 0.1 million people, a controversial step taken by the present government.
		He further said that there are no chances of wastage of water in Mangla Dam and Kalabagh dam should be constructed to avoid the wastage of water in Indus River while Mangla dam has already become a pond.
		He told that income of the Mangla dam must be given to people of Mir Pur despite its royalty and to accelerate the struggle in this regard, by forging all political parties on one platform, strong movement will be launched.
	www.paktribune.com /news/index.shtml?97290 (1023 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Initial planning for both Dams were made at around same time, in late 1950s, and tragedy is that Kala Bagh dam is still on papers despite many plans and feasibility surveys carried out by international experts with huge costs to the treasury.
		Even though the original construction of the Mangla Dam was also against the public will, nevertheless it was built and people by and large accepted that, but new plans of upraising have opened old wounds.
		People are challenging construction of the original Dam, in their view it was built in a disputed territory, and Pakistan had no right to build a Dam in Kashmiri territory as it is against the law of the State according to which non-Kashmiris have no right to buy any land in Kashmir.
	www.asianoutlook.com /braks.htm (1271 words)

	River Pressreleases international 2001
		The storage capacity of Mangla Dam will be increased by 3.10 MAF (million acre feet) and its energy output will be enhanced by 18 percent by raising its height to 40 feet, said the feasibility report prepared by WAPDA, as a part of its 25-year vision plan.
		Existing height of the dam is 380 feet having a storage capacity of 4.82 MAF with a potential to generate 1,000 MW of electricity.
		Mangla dam was constructed in 1966, on river Jhelum near Mirpur, a major city of Azad Kashmir.
	www.rivernet.org /prs01_04.htm (3493 words)

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