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Topic: Mangrove crab

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	Fish note - Mud Crab (Scylla serrata) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Mud crabs are large crabs with a smooth, broad carapace.
		The mud crab is a marine and estuarine animal.
		In Australia, mud crabs inhabit tropical to warm temperate waters from Exmouth Gulf in Western Australia to the Bega River in New South Wales.
	www2.dpi.qld.gov.au /fishweb/2454.html (310 words)

	Soft shell crab - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Soft shell crab is a seafood delicacy with the entire crustacean capable of being eaten, a result of catching and cooking crabs shortly after they molt their hard shell.
		In the United States, the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) is used typically, although the use of the mangrove crab in Asia has provided another source for this seasonal food.
		As these crabs grow larger, their shells cannot expand, so they molt the exteriors and have a soft covering for a matter of days when they are vulnerable and considered usable.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Soft_shell_crab (391 words)

	Mangrove crab - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mangrove crabs are crabs that live among mangroves, and may belong to many different species and even families.
		(1992), crab larvae are the major source of food for juvenile fish inhabiting the adjacent waterways, indicating that crabs also help nearshore fisheries.
		The crabs themselves are food for threatened species such as the Crab Plover (Seys et al., 1995; Zimmerman et al., 1996).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mangrove_crab (258 words)

	Mangrove Swamps
		Mangrove trees have different degrees of tolerance for exposure and submergence of their roots to seawater, thus the tidal fluctuation results in zonation just as in other intertidal habitats.
		The mangrove oyster, Crassostrea rhizophorae, the flat tree oyster, Isognomon alatus, barnacles (Chthamalus and Balanus) and mussels (Brachidontes) are common.
		Goniopsus cruentata, known as the ³mangrove tree crab², is often seen among the mangrove roots near the water¹s edge.
	www.tarleton.edu /~dekeith/mangroves.html (760 words)

	Plants & Environments of the Marshall Islands
		Although mangrove forests are relatively rare in the Marshall Islands, the plants of these forests, especially those of the larger islands of the tropical Pacific, are important natural components of the environment, or ecosystem.
		Mangrove trees must have a special means of obtaining oxygen because their roots become submerged in water when the tide comes in.
		The mangrove vegetation can be divided into different zones from the edge of land out into the lagoon, or from the shore out onto the muddy reef flat.
	www.hawaii.edu /cpis/MI/VegTypes/MangroveInfo.html (785 words)

	Mangroves
		Red mangroves, Rhizophora mangle, dominante the shoreline from the upper subtidal to the lower intertidal zones (Davis 1940, Odum and McIvor 990), and are distinguished from other mangroves by networks of prop roots that originate in the trunk of the tree and grow downward towards the substratum.
		Mangrove communities, like many tidal wetlands, accumulate nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as heavy metals and trace elements that are deposited into estuarine waters from terrestrial sources, and thus act as nutrient “sinks” for these materials.
		Mangroves also continually act as sources for carbon, nitrogen, and other elements as living material dies and is decomposed into dissolved, particulate and gaseous forms.
	www.sms.si.edu /irlspec/Mangroves.htm (2992 words)

	Pohnpei-Between Time & Tide . The Mangrove Forests (naniak)
		The bulk of the naniak is composed of woody shrubs and trees, such as the mangroves, xylocarpus, and others, that have adapted to life in soft, oxygen-poor, waterlogged sediment.
		The inter-tidal zone is predominately koatoa and weingal with small stands of oriental mangrove and nipa palm.
		Many mangrove species deal with seawater by depositing the salts on their leaves and bark, which are eventually shed.
	www.pohnpeiheaven.com /mangroves.htm (914 words)

	Investigation of the red mangrove tree crab using a scanner and Intelplay QX3 microscope
		The crab Aratus pisonii is a common mangal browser throughout south Florida and the Caribbean as reported in the literature.
		Laboratory-raised crabs have a preference for the leaf of the red mangrove over the fl mangrove, even when they were originally caught on fl mangroves.
		The crab larva was taken in a trawl in the bay and examined under a regular microscope.
	www.microscopy-uk.org.uk /mag/artmay01/hmcrab.html (971 words)

	Mangrove Management Group - publications
		Gillikin DP, and Kamanu CP (2005) Burrowing in the East African mangrove crab Chiromantes ortmanni (Crosnier, 1965) (Decapoda, Bracayura, Sesarmidae).
		Ecology and systematics of mangrove crabs of the genus Perisesarma (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) from East Africa.
		Anyona, D.B. Crab predation on the oyster Saccostrea cucculata (von Born, 1778): chemical effects of prey densities and chemical metabolites.
	www.vub.ac.be /mangrove/allartsview.html (3032 words)

	Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine \| Full text \| Environmental perception of gatherers of the crab ...
		Crab carapaces were measured with respect to: (a) height, taken dorsoventrally from its central point; (b) length, taken from the sagittal plain on the dorsal surface of the animal; and (c) width, taken transversally from the first pair of pereiopods.
		Another important factor is the precarious social conditions within which the crab gatherers' families survive [2,3], a factor that is associated with the unpredictability of both the capture success of the animal and market demand, and often forces gatherers to harvest crabs in a non-selective approach [37].
		Crab gathering is the most important means of subsistence for the families of the crab gatherers, despite their supplemental income from small-scale agriculture activity, and the extraction of other natural resources.
	www.ethnobiomed.com /content/1/1/10 (4227 words)

	Soft-Shell Crabs
		The mangrove crab is named for the mangrove forests; the shallow waters of these forests are one of the habitats of the crab.
		Since mangrove crabs live in warm waters, they don't hibernate and thus molt (and are sold) all year long.
		Because the mangrove crab likes to burrow into soft, muddy areas, some seafood professionals such as Bill Holler, director of seafood operations at Legal Sea Foods, a Boston-based chain of seafood restaurants and retail stores, think the mangrove has a "muddier flavor" that puts their quality "a notch below" blue crabs'.
	www.mdculpepper.org /Recipes/Crabs-Soft_Shell/Crabs-Soft_Shell.html (1000 words)

	Mangrove
		Diagnosis of the ecological status of mangroves in Majagual - Esmeraldas.
		The association is formed by 103 members and they have the responsibility to protect this mangrove and to use the red crab resource in a sustainable way.
		The protection of this area is very hard due to the many conflicts in the zone that include the deforestation of mangrove for wood and the illegal harvest of red crab during ban season.
	www.jambeli.com.ec /mangrove.htm (409 words)

	Kosrae's Mangrove Crabs Prove Tasty Export
		Earlier this month, some 200 crabs were taken from one of the two large growing ponds at the Mangrove Crab Farming Pilot project, constructed between two rivers and the edge of the Tofol mangrove forest, and shipped off to Guam restaurants and hotels.
		Demand for Kosrae mangrove crab meat was quickly established, with various fish market buyers, restaurants and hotels requesting nearly as many as could possibly be sent: reportedly asking for 500 to 1,000 per week.
		Palik stated also that KIRMA expects at least 10 percent of the crabs raised in the ponds to be returned to the forests, as stipulated in one of the original permitting conditions.
	www.fsmgov.org /press/nw040705.htm (1524 words)

	Identification guide - Neosarmatium meinerti
		Zone: This large mangrove crab inhabits the landward Avicennia marina - upper shore - and is common in this zone.
		They found that this crab (maximum carapace width 4 cm) spends a significant amount of time maintaining its burrow, which lasts approximately three weeks before collapsing, and that they displace and mix up, one quarter of the upper 20 cm of soil per year (assuming most activity is confined to this depth).
		The shore and the dune of Sar Uanle.
	www.madeinnys.com /mangrove/n_meinerti.htm (882 words)

	red mangrove
		Red mangroves generally are found closest to the water's edge and are distinguished easily from other mangroves by their prominent prop roots which extend into the water from higher up on the stem of the plant.
		Red mangroves are generally the dominant species of mangrove at or immediately adjacent to the water line, though they may often occur with fl mangroves and white mangroves.
		Mangroves form intertidal forests in which red mangrove prop roots, fl mangrove pneumatophores, and their associated peat banks serve as the dominant intertidal substrata for other members of the mangrove community.
	www.sms.si.edu /irlspec/Rhizop_mangle.htm (1435 words)

	Growfish - Gippsland Aquaculture Industry Network (GAIN)
		The mangrove crab farming pilot project, kicked off three years ago in the island state of Kosrae with a start-up investment of more than US$ 100 000, is beginning to show signs of getting off the ground, but not without setbacks.
		The pilot project was originally planned as a three-pond crab farm, with a breeding capacity of 5 000 or more crabs per pond.
		Soil build-ups, crab mortality rates, the appearance of freshwater eels (which compete with crabs for food), and the shortage of juvenile crabs in Kosrae's mangrove forests are just some of the factors undermining the project's success.
	www.growfish.com.au /content.asp?ContentId=5407 (382 words)

	Corcovado Hotel Costa Rica ~ Nature Travel & Vacations ~ Bungalows Costa Rica
		Mangroves are what botanists call halophytes, plants that thrive in salty conditions.
		Mangrove swamps, especially those fed by freshwater streams, are marine nurseries of astonishing fertility.
		There is even an arboreal mangrove tree crab (Aratus pisonii) which eats mangrove leaves and is restricted to the very crowns of the trees by the predatory activities of another arboreal crab, Goniopsis pulcra.
	www.villasgaia.com /mangroves-rioterraba-sierpe-tours.html (841 words)

	PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY ON AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL IN THE CENTRAL PROVINCE, PAPUA NEW GUINEA
		Mangrove crab was abundant in the estuaries and its resource was almost untouched.
		Crabs are mostly bartered with the inland villagers for banana which is a diet of Nikara villagers.
		Mangrove crab was a major commodity of the Fisheries Center in the past.
	www.fao.org /docrep/field/003/AC284E/AC284E00.htm (4498 words)

	mangrove horseshoe crab (carcinoscorpius rotundicauda)
		Mangrove horseshoe crabs are basically scavengers, but they also feed on bivalves.
		The eggs of these crabs are eaten in some areas, with locals cutting open the body and eating the unlaid eggs directly after cooking.
		The blood of the crab is important in the biomedical world as a purified version can help detect baterial toxins, important in disease detection as well as ensuring the cleanliness of equipment.
	mangrove.nus.edu.sg /guidebooks/text/2076.htm (318 words)

	SOFIA Virtual Tour - West Lake/Anne Kolb
		Mangrove leaves, trunks and branches fall into the water and are transformed into detritus, which is the basis of an elaborate food chain.
		Red mangroves are commonly referred to as "walking trees" because their prop roots make the mangrove look as though it is walking or standing on the water's surface.
		A mangrove crab camouflaged on the trunk of a mangrove tree.
	sofia.usgs.gov /virtual_tour/wlak (1204 words)

	Cardisoma carnifex
		Cardisoma carnifex is the largest of the semi-terrestrial crabs in Kenyan mangroves, the only larger crab associated with Kenyan mangroves is Scylla serrata.
		These crabs can be seen running accros roads near the coast and live in coastal gardens as well.
		The shore and the dune of Sar Uanle.
	homepages.vub.ac.be /~dagillik/mangrove/c_carnifex.htm (756 words)

	Successful Small-Scale Mudcrab Farming Development in the Thai Binh Province, Vietnam: A Case Study
		Mangrove or edible mud crabs (genus Scylla) are commonly found within the Indo-West Pacific region, where they inhabit tropical and sub-tropical mangrove areas.
		Currently, mud crab culture is still in its infancy and mud crab farming still relies on seed supply caught in the wild.
		The high value of mud crabs means that they are farmed primarily as a cash crop rather than as a protein source.
	www.iirr.org /aquatic_resources/p6c05.htm (1162 words)

	BASE Suchergebnis
		Feeding ecology of the semi-terrestrial crab Ucides cordatus cordatus (Decapoda: Brachyura) in a mangrove forest in northern Brazil
		Titel: Feeding ecology of the semi-terrestrial crab Ucides cordatus cordatus (Decapoda: Brachyura) in a mangrove forest in northern Brazil
		Inhalt: The objective of this thesis was to investigate the feeding ecology of the intensively exploited semi-terrestrial crab Ucides cordatus cordatus, and to contribute to the understanding of its influence on the flow of organic matter, nutrients, and energy in a mangrove ecosystem in northern Brazil.
	www.base-search.net /index.php?q=Brazil&s=free (823 words)

	Home - Mangrove Action Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		It essentially consists of a mangrove planted raised central pond bottom (80% of total pond area) that alternates between being flooded and exposed as the water of the pond is raised or lowered.
		The different species of mangrove trees that can be used for specific pond conditions should be determined as well as conducting an analysis on the type and amount of vegetation cover, litter production rate of the different trees and the decomposition rate of the different tree litter.
		Mangrove forests, seagrass beds, and coral reefs have been widely degraded in the country as a result of destructive fishing gear, large-scale commercial harvests, and the rapid development of intensive aquaculture.
	www.earthisland.org /map/sstal.htm (6736 words)

	2. CASE STUDY: METRO MANILA
		Mangrove crabs are considered a delicacy and are always marketed alive.
		The relatively high survival rates (5 - 7 days) of mangrove crabs out of the water may be explained based on the fact that they have gill structures that allow adequate levels of oxygen uptake in air.
		Therefore, local handling methods based on a practical understanding of the crab’s physiology are used to minimise capture and transport stress and to cover the overall logistics of export marketing as well as for the domestic trade.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/005/Y2258E/y2258e04.htm (9474 words)

	The Venezuela's Eco Portal to Eco-Tourism & Ecology
		mangrove forests are within the limits of high-ranking conservation units.
		mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa) are the most common species of mangroves in Venezuela.
		Coccoloba uvifera are not mangroves in the strict sense.
	ecoalliance.tripod.com /ecoregion-mangroves.htm (2950 words)

	OceanDocs: Item 1834/1063
		The mangrove crab, Scylla serrata (Forskal) is a potential candidate for aquaculture development in Mauritius and experimental trials on its culture were carried out from 1997 to 2002.
		The quantity of crab juveniles for culture in barachois is dependent on the availability of seed in the lagoon.
		Hatchery-produced crab juveniles were reared for experimentation/study in pen enclosures in two barachois prior to release in the coastal areas.
	iodeweb1.vliz.be /odin/handle/1834/1063 (215 words)

	Crab Information
		There are two main groups of crabs: the Brachyura or true crabs, and the Paguroidea, or hermit crabs.
		A number of animals with a similar shape are commonly called crabs, including the crab louse (an insect), the Horseshoe crab (in the class Merostomata).
		There are almost 5,000 different species of crabs; about 4,500 are true crabs, plus about 500 are hermit crabs (hermit crabs don't have a very hard shell and use other animals' old shells for protection).
	www.junglewalk.com /info/crab-information.htm (474 words)

	NAS - Species FactSheet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The crabs are reported established on the islands of Maui, Hawaii, and Kauai (Hawaii Biological Survey 2001).
		The mud crab is the most important crab for commercial culture in the Indo-West Pacific region and commands a high price in both the domestic and export markets (Samonte and Agbayani 1992).
		This crab inhabits muddy bottoms in brackish water along the shoreline, mangrove areas, and river mouths, hence the name mud crab or mangrove crab (Motoh, 1979).
	nas.er.usgs.gov /queries/FactSheet.asp?speciesID=192 (1117 words)

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