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	Manichaeism, a Universalist Faith
		Mani claimed that he was the successor to prophets such as Zarathustra and Jesus, and he claimed that he was the helper promised by Jesus - as described in John 14:16.
		Mani saw himself in agreement with the Zoroastrian belief that the universe was in a battle between the forces of good and the forces of evil.
		Mani was probably aware of the danger that came with Bahram's accession to power, for he decided to leave for the east, to the Kushans around Bactria, where he could count on protection.
	www.fsmitha.com /h1/ch22.htm (1996 words)

	Mani
		Mani was a third-century Persian prophet, the founder of the dualistic Manichaean religion, which borrowed eclectically from Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Buddhism.
		Mani is unusual because lunar deities tend to be female, nearly universally, probably because of the connection between menstruation and the phases of the moon.
		Mani kidnapped them; they can be seen (along with their cask and pole) on the face of the moon (craters).
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ma/Mani.html (311 words)

	Mani (prophet) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mani's father, Fatik or Pattig, was from Hamadan and his mother, Maryam, was of the family of the Kamsaragan, who claimed kinship with the Parthian royal house.
		Mani was eager to describe himself as a "disciple of Jesus Christ", but the orthodox church rejected him as a heretic.
		Mani claimed to be the last of the prophets, and also claimed that his prophethood was revealed to him by an angel.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mani_(prophet) (1377 words)

	Manichaeism - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Mani (called Manes by the Greeks and Romans) was born near Baghdad, probably of Persian parents; his father may have been a member of the Mandaeans.
		Due to Mani's organizational abilities, the simplicity of his dualistic theology, and his incorporation of elements from other religions, Manichaeism spread rapidly, and it was soon disseminated throughout the Roman Empire and into China.
		Mani's followers were divided into two classes: the elect, or perfect, were assured of immediate felicity after death because of the resource of light they had acquired through strict celibacy, austerity, teaching, and preaching; and the auditors, or hearers, the laity who administered to the elect, and who could marry.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-manichae.html (732 words)

	Mani (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		At the age of 12 and 24, Mani had visions where an angel told him that he would be the prophet of a last divine revelation.
		As his teaching quickly gained ground, he came in opposition to the Zoroastrian priests, and with the emperor Bahram 1 from 274, Mani lost his protection, and he either died in prison or was executed.
		The death of Mani, is retold as an incident similar to the crucifixion of Jesus.
	lexicorient.com /e.o/mani.htm (176 words)

	Manichaeism
		Mani was an Iranian philosopher and painter who synthesized Persian, Christian, and Buddhist ideas to form Manichaeism, a dualistic faith which became one of the major religions of the ancient world.
		Mani contended that he was the greatest and last prophet or paraclete sent by the Father of Light.
		Mani claimed continuous revelations and inspiration from an angel, "the Twin," who as his heavenly alter ego prepared and protected him as a teacher and initiated him in the way of salvation.
	mb-soft.com /believe/txn/manichae.htm (1457 words)

	Thelemapedia: The Encyclopedia of Thelema & Magick \| Manichaeism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Mani was eager to describe himself as a "disciple of Jesus Christ", but the Catholic Church rejected him as a heretic.
		Mani declared himself, and was also referred to, as the Paraclete: a Biblical title, meaning "comforter" or "helper", which the Catholic tradition understood as referring to God in the person of the Holy Spirit.
		Following Mani's travels to the Kushan Empire (several religious painting in Bamiyan are attributed to him) at the beginning of his proselitizing carrier, various Buddhist influences seem to have permeated Manichaeism: "Buddhist influences were significant in the formation of Mani's religious thought.
	www.thelemapedia.org /index.php/Manichaeism (1078 words)

	Mani: Gnostic Prophet of Dualism
		Mani was born in 216 AD near the modern city of Baghdad in Iraq, which was then part of the Persian Empire.
		Mani believed that he was the last and greatest of the prophets, successor to the prophetic founders of the three great religions of Iran: Zoroastrianism, Buddhism and Christianity.
		Mani’s followers were organized into two groups: the Elect, who were expected to live the higher law, and the Hearers, who were followers of a lesser law.
	www.ldsmag.com /ideas/040712mani.html (729 words)

	Mani, the Ambassador of Light
		Mani was born about AD 215 to a family whose religious beliefs were culled from a number of sources.
		Mani himself was initiated into the mysteries of Mithra, and he studied early Christian heretical sects before establishing his own religious philosophy in about AD 240, at the Persian court of King Shapur 1.
		Mani "regarded Zarathustra, Buddha and Jesus as his forerunners and declared that he, like them, had received essentially the same enlightenment from the same source.
	www.mystae.com /restricted/streams/gnosis/mani.html (1462 words)

	Tayloe Gwathmey
		Mani was born in 216 to a father with a strong proclivity for religion.
		Mani was visited by something in the night that left him with the desire to become a religious reformer, some traditions hold that it was his spiritual twin, the Christian Paraclete, others argue that it was an angel.
		For Mani the goal of creation was the return of the light that had been trapped in human beings and the creation itself at the beginning of time as a result of the conflict between light and dark.
	students.roanoke.edu /groups/relg211/gwathmey/Mani.html (2395 words)

	Manichaeism - Mani's life, ethic, cult, scriptures, Manuscripts
		Mani was born on 14 April, A.C. 216, in northern Babylonia, which then formed part of the province of Asoristan, in the Parthian empire.
		Mani himself was apparently brought by his father as a child of four to live among them.
		Mani may himself have been responsible for choosing the Persian ones, but the Parthian terms and identifications were presumably selected by Mar Ammo and his fellow-missionaries to the north-east of Iran.
	www.farvardyn.com /mani1.php (4482 words)

	MANICHAESM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Manichaeism is the religion of Manes or Mani, which arose in Babylonia about the middle of the third century as one of the many sects classified under the name of Gnosticism.
		Mani, when about twenty years of age, was inspired by divine revelation and came forward as a prophet.
		Mani, in 272 or 273 returned to Persia, met with royal consideration during the brief reign of Ormazd I (Hurmizd); but fell victim to the Zorastrian priests, who envied his success and had him executed in 273 or 274.
	www.silk-road.com /artl/manichae.shtml (798 words)

	Zarathushtra, Mani, and the Cathars by Sanderson Beck
		Mani was said to have been related to the Parthian Arsacid dynasty, and his association with King Baat, possibly a Parthian Armenian, as he lectured to his disciples at Phargalia, may have led to Mani's arrest at Gondeshapur (Belapat).
		Mani was brought before an angry King Bahram and said he had done no harm but had helped the royal family by freeing their servants of demons and by healing them.
		Many died as martyrs, and many fled to Khurasan or Turkestan.
	www.san.beck.org /GPJ8-ManiandCathars.html (7228 words)

	Catholic Encyclopedia: MANICHAEISM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Mani's father himself must have displayed considerable activities as a religious reformer and have been a kind of forerunner of his more famous son, in the first years of whose public life he had some share.
		Mani's father was at first apparently an idolater, for, as he worshipped in a temple to his gods he is supposed to have heard a voice urging him to abstain from meat, wine, and women.
		Mani finally beguiled the unwary by the use of such apparently Christian terms as Father, Son, and Holy Ghost to designate divine personalities, but a glance at his cosmogony shows how flimsy was the disguise.
	www.nd.edu /~afreddos/courses/264/manicheism.htm (7113 words)

	Manichaen Input to Chinese Culture and Art
		Mani procalimed himself a prophet and the messenger of god in Babylon, although he was not of Babylonian origin, but an Iranian descendant.
		Mani had thus adopted Zoraster's dualistic doctrine of the fundamental struggle between light and darkness, soul and matter.
		Mani was venerated among the Uighurs as Kun ai tangri, esun-moon-godi.
	www.ibiblio.org /radha/rpub014.htm (1380 words)

	Mani - The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies (CAIS)
		His father, Patak, was from Ekbatana, and was a religious leader of a Jewish-Christian baptizing sect called the Mughtasilah, founded by a prophet known as Elchasai, and it was within the religious framework of this sect, and under the careful tutelage of his father, that Mani was raised.
		In 242 e.v., he proclaimed a new, universal religion at the Persian court of Shapur I, proclaiming himself to be Mani, "The Vessel," the prophesied Paraclete, the divine helper of mankind, and the last of the great prophets.
		During the 40 years of this infamous horror, many thousands of men, women and children were brutally slaughtered and their cities pillaged; and the Languedoc was reduced to rubble and barbarism.
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/Religions/iranian/Manichaeism/mani.htm (3851 words)

	J.R. Ritman Library - Bibliotheca Philosophica Hermetica
		The prophet Elkasai and the jewish-christian sect of the Elkasaites played a significant part in the early life of Mani and subsequently also in the Mani Codex, an important source also for the organization, rites and theology of this sect.
		Mani left the movement of the Elkasaites at the age of 24.
		Van Rijckenborgh wrote that ‘the teachings of Mani agreed completely with … the aims and essence of Christianity as proclaimed by the Rosicrucians throughout the centuries’ (‘de Leer van Mani [is] geheel in overeenstemming […] met doel en wezen van het christendom, zoals dat door de eeuwen heen door de Rozekruisers is verkondigd’).
	www.ritmanlibrary.nl /c/p/pub/on_pub/mani/mani.html (3392 words)

	Mani (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Mani was born in 216 AD in Babylon (in today's Iraq).
		Many of his followers fled to Europe, spreading Mani's ideas in Sicily and Spain.
		The religion founded by Mani was called "Manicheanism." One of Mani's followers was St. Augustine of Hippo, a famous theologian (someone who studies religion).
	www.zoroastriankids.com /216.html (128 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> Mani (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Mani, Evros, a town in the northeastern part of the Evros Prefecture in Greece
		Mani (prophet), a third-century Iranian prophet, the founder of the dualistic Manichaean religion, which borrowed eclectically from Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Buddhism
		Mani, short for the mantra of Avalokiteshvara, Om mani padme hum.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/Mani (233 words)

	Manichaeism : Manicheanism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Mani was raised as an schismatic Christian (an Elkasite[?]) but, upon reaching maturity he split with his origins and created a new religion intended to combine all the existing religions.
		Mani was eager to describe himself as a "disciple of Jesus Christ", but the great church rejected him as a heretic.
		Mani was also referred to as the 'Paraclete', a Biblical title referring to the messenger to be sent in preparation for Christ's 'Second Coming'.
	www.fastload.org /ma/Manicheanism.html (507 words)

	Religions of Iran: Manichaeism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The prophet Jesus was regarded by Mani as his own immediate forerunner, whose apostle he himself was.
		Mani also honoured the Buddha and Zoroaster, but there is no evidence that he was directly familiar with their teachings in his formative years.
		In addition, there were the Shabuhragan, in which Mani summarised his teachings in Middle Persian for Shapur I; the Ardahang, apparently his drawing of the cosmos, with a commentary, the Ardahang Wifras; and the Kephalaia ("Discourses"), the words of the prophet collected after his death, among which is some apocryphal matter.
	www.iranchamber.com /religions/articles/manichaeism4.php (1439 words)

	MANICHAEISM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Mani was born to a Persian family in the third century A.D. in Mesopotamia not far from the present city of Baghdad.
		As a child he had a religious vision and in his early twenties he felt compelled to announce himself as a prophet and began to preach.
		Mani was executed in a most horrible manner and his skin stuffed with straw was displayed as a warning against any future heretics.
	www.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/mani.htm (423 words)

	Manichaeanism is Alive: The New Manichaean Church
		We represent a revival of the ancient teachings of the prophet Mani, who established a religion which spread across Europe and Asia and lasted for centuries despite horrible persecution.
		Mani considered himself the last of a series of prophets; each of the earlier prophets, while wise and enlightened, only partially understood the revealed Truth, and so their religions remained incomplete and easily perverted.
		Ironically, Zoroastrians, Christians and Buddhists have all claimed that Mani was one of their own--and in the first two cases, a dangerous herectic whose words were feared by corrupt and power-hungry leaders.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Rhodes/3991/NeoManichaean.html (1342 words)

	Manichaeism - Crystalinks
		The Gospel of Mani, written on flened papyrus, is the last surviving evidence of a now-defunct religion, Manichaeism.
		Founded by Mani the sage, who claimed divine revelation and preached that he was the final prophet of God in the world, after Adam, Buddha, Jesus Christ and Zarathushtra.
		The Mani wheel is another name for a prayer wheel used for prayers in Tibetan Buddhism.
	www.crystalinks.com /manichaeism.html (1484 words)

	[No title]
		Mani (Manes, Manys, Manytos, Manentos, Manou, Manichios, Manetis, and in Augustine always Manichaeus - born 215/216) is the Iranian founder of the Manichaean religion.
		Mani is not a name but a title and a term of respect.
		Anyway, according to Mani, good and evil are essentially separate and opposed principles; existing separately before the creation of the world; which have become mixed in the world through the act of the evil pirinciple.
	members.tripod.com /spentamainyu/manirel.htm (2571 words)

	Religions in China - Manicheism (www.chinaknowledge.de)
		After he was enlightened by a visitation of his celestial twin he founded his own gnostic sect with the conception of the cyclical appearance of a true prophet that was sent by the hevenly light.
		Mani was incarcerated by the Persian ruler - he died in prison, and the center of the Manichean religion shifted to Mesopotamia (modern Irak) and Central Asia.
		The believers were divided into the elected (priests) and the auditors (laymen) that were organized in a church with bishops and priests, head of the church was the archegos (archbishop) as follower and representative of Mani.
	www.chinaknowledge.de /Literature/Religion/manicheism.html (476 words)

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