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Topic: Manifest function

	Functionalism
		Functionalism sought to be a corrective to the excesses of the evolutionary and diffusionist theories of the nineteenth-century and the historicism of the early twentieth century (Goldschmidt 1996:510).
		Manifest functions are those objective consequences contributing to the adjustment or adaptation of the system which are intended and recognized by participants in the system (Kaplan and Manners 1972:58).
		Functional analysis has also been criticized for being circular: needs are postulated on the basis of existing institutions, that are, in turn, used to explain their existence.
	www.as.ua.edu /ant/Faculty/murphy/function.htm (4978 words)

	Merton - Manifest and Latent Functions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It was further indicated that the motive and the function vary independently and that the failure to register this fact in an established terminology has contributed to the unwitting tendency among sociologists to confuse the subjective categories of motivation with the objective categories of function.
		This is the rationale for the distinction between manifest functions and latent functions; the first referring to those objective consequences for a specified unit (person, subgroup, social or cultural system) which contribute to its adjustment or adaptation and were so intended; the second referring to unintended and unrecognized consequences of the same order.
		Given the concept of latent function, however, we are reminded that this behavior may perform a function for the group, although this function may be quite remote from the avowed purpose of the behavior.
	www2.pfeiffer.edu /~lridener/courses/MERTONR1.HTML (3444 words)

	[No title]
		Manifest functions: These are the functions that are intended by and known to members of the group.
		The manifest function of the educational system is to teach young adults the lessons they need to becoming fully-functioning adult members of society.
		For example, the manifest function of education is to teach students the basics of reading, math, and history, so that they are prepared to enter the work world and to be adults.
	www.rci.rutgers.edu /~carrds/lec012904.doc (936 words)

	lect11
		Manifest function is the objective consequence of an act which is intended and recognized by the participants in the system.
		Latent function is the unintended and unrecognized objective consequence of an act.
		Functional requisites are performed by participants through communicative interaction with others within the social system, as well as outside of it.
	www.uiowa.edu /~c036070/3670Comm/lect11.html (308 words)

	On the Latent Function of Ethnic Cleansing in Bosnia
		On the Latent Function of Ethnic Cleansing in Bosnia
		The manifest function, that is, the need to drive apart two ethnic populations and to radicalize a third, is insufficient to explain what compelled the gruesome conduct and sustained it over the course of five years.
		Upon reflection, the manifest function for ethnic cleansing is not as rational as it purports to be.
	www.haverford.edu /relg/sells/WitnessDoubtLatent.html (2640 words)

	Elster, Jon (1990), Merton's Functionalism and the Unintended Consequences of Action
		Further on he argues that the latent functions of conspicuous consumption are 'gratifying and go far toward explaining the continuance of the pattern' (ibid.: 58, emphasis supplied); or, still further on, that they 'help explain the persistence and the social location of the pattern of conspicuous consumption' (ibid.: 69; emphasis supplied).
		manifest purpose was essential to fulfilment of the latent function, he should say so and explain why; if not, he should explain the absence of another arrangement with a larger 'net balance' of benefits.
		Finally, there is the suggestion that manifest and latent relate to different levels of bnderstanding, with the former equal to apparent or surface meaning while the latter concerns the deeper or underlying reality of the phenomenon in question.
	www.geocities.com /hmelberg/elster/AR90MFAT.HTM (3902 words)

	Major Theories
		Functionalism is a theory in which society is viewed as a “system” in which all parts function together to keep it working.
		The biggest manifest function of dating, at the very base level, is to find a future mate.
		A latent positive function may be that when a person is dating someone they are more inclined to try new activities and may as a result develop new interests that they wouldn’t have had if they were not dating that person.
	www.angelfire.com /ma3/heartmusings/socdating.html (1237 words)

	Mission versus Function (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Functions are those regularly achieved outcomes that address, among other things, the basic survival needs of the organization.
		Functions themselves can be usefully distinguished as to whether they are manifest, that is, obvious, out in the open, or latent.
		Chart 2 suggests some possible latent functions of schooling that are brought about in the pursuit of manifest functions are missions.
	home.comcast.net /~erozycki/Mission.html (984 words)

	Sample Theory Application Paper #1: The Latent Functions of Boot Camp
		during boot camp (neither of which seem to fulfill a manifest function), there is an inherent integration between the different ranks of soldiers.
		function of these tasks is to solidify this integration by promotion of obedience.
		Functionalism is a perspective on society which views society as a living organism whose parts are supposed to fulfill a distinct function.
	www.unc.edu /~lippmann/sampleapp.html (2093 words)

	MANIFEST AND LATENT FUNCTIONS OF AGENCIES SUPPORTING PEOPLE WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES
		Manifest organisational functions are those which are “up front”, apparent, obvious, and generally stated in organisational procedure manuals and sometimes in annual reports.
		Moreover, that the proclaimed manifest functions may be entirely untrue or contain only elements of the everyday reality, is a daunting proposition for program evaluators, planners, and some decision-makers.
		Indeed it is the latent functions in disability service provision agencies that often carried out, sometimes with devastating consequences—an unproclaimed mission on behalf of the larger society, or perhaps a powerful, controlling sector of it.
	www.icevi.org /publications/ICEVI-WC2002/papers/13-topic/13-steer.htm (2559 words)

	Theoretical Perspectives, Russ Long's Lecture Notes
		The manifest function of the military is defending the nation.
		The manifest function of criminal justice is to keep the streets safe for a society's citizens.
		Latent functions are functions that are unrecognized or unintended.
	www.delmar.edu /socsci/rlong/intro/perspect.htm (1201 words)

	[No title]
		A manifest function is the intended and recognized consequence of a cultural element.
		A latent function is an unintended or unrecognized consequence of a cultural element.
		This is not the reason they exist but they do this as well as their educational function.
	www3.sympatico.ca /julieandjim.spencer/functionalism.htm (643 words)

	[No title]
		The functions for credential and attribute verification services provide a simplified verification for the common case where each code object is signed with its own signature file.
		The purpose of this function is to verify the integrity of the credentials associated with an object code module and the integrity of the object code itself.
		The purpose of this function is to verify the integrity of the credentials associated with a loaded object code module and the integrity of the object code itself.
	www.opengroup.org /onlinepubs/009608599/4_chap03.htm (7046 words)

	Principles of Sociology, Fall 1999 Review Sheet Exam I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Functionalism places an emphasis on the stability of society as a system of interrelated parts, all of which are necessary and beneficial for the common good.
		For example, the manifest function of parking regulations is to further public safety.
		The distinction between manifest and latent functions is useful for sociologists in that it provides one means to distinguish between the needs that social institutions, social practices and such satisfy based on why they come into being in the first place and why they continue to exist.
	www.lwc.edu /staff/dkelley/Soc101/Soc101F99/ReviewSheetExamI.html (813 words)

	Timeless Moral Imperatives in Causal Analysis of Social Functioning
		Macrosocial functional analysis must postulate such moral imperatives first, demonstrate their persistence across as well as within sociohistoric epochs, and only then examine various and variable institutional, behavioral, and concomitant spacial and temporal social structures through which the functional imperatives have (or have not) been fulfilled.
		The term function may well be applicable to the natural world of living organisms and species whose survival may be problematic and a legitimate subject-matter of a detached naturalistic study.
		Both functioning and development are sustained by moral functional imperatives operating successfully and prevailing over dysfunctional trends, thus creating relatively stable periods, e.g., early periods of reconstruction and consolidation after qualitatively new stages of social development begin.
	www.sociology.org /content/vol005.001/smikun.html (9887 words)

	Robert King Merton
		Merton's primary thrust is to use functional analysis as a research strategy.
		Through the systematic application of the concept of latent function, therefore, apparently irrational behavior may at times be found to be positively functional for the group" (1957, p.65).
		"To adopt a functional outlook is to provide not an apologia for the political machine but a more solid basis for modifying or eliminating the machine, providing specific structural arrangements are introduced either for eliminating demands of the business community or, if that is the objective, of satisfying these demands through alternative means" (1957, p.
	www.faculty.rsu.edu /~felwell/TheoryWeb/Merton.htm (861 words)

	KA's ThoK-Notes: Social Sciences
		The function of any recurrent activity, such as the punishment of a crime, or a funeral ceremony, is the part it plays in the social life as a whole and therefore the contribution it makes to the maintenance of the structural continuity.
		Functionalism is a general social theory that stresses the mutual interdependence among the institutions and customs of any particular society.
		In the preceding example, the manifest function of ritual, as understood by the tribe, may be to appease the gods, but its latent function, as understood by the social scientist, is to maintain group relationships.
	www.kahome.co.uk /socia.htm (9276 words)

	File: ve_device.h
		This function does not consider the device name in the event, but the element named in the event must exist in the device model, otherwise the function has no effect.
		which is a function which takes two arguments: a pointer to the event which is being passed to it, and an abritrary argument which should be supplied by the application when setting up the callback.
		This function is provided as a convenience and is meant to handle a reasonable number of common cases.
	www.cs.yorku.ca /~ivy/ve/ref/ve_device.h.html (7752 words)

	Program "procdoc" to generate indices of functions in C programs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Both global and static functions are reported in the manifest, even if the '-s' is not specified.
		The manifest list is unsorted and indicates the actual order of the function n the file.
		Then for example, let fct() be the function and file.c be the file name, and the function is either 'static' or 'global'.
	www-lmmb.ncifcrf.gov /Software/procdoc.html (1904 words)

	SOSC 2080: Lecture October 23
		Merton's View: "It is precisely the latent functions of a practice or belief which are not common knowledge, for these are unintended and generally unrecognized social and psychological consequences.
		As a result, findings concerning latent functions represent a greater increment in knowledge than findings concerning manifest functions." (1957, p.69)
		Because there are more important latent functions that the dancing does: it brings them together as a society, it solidifies their values
	www.yorku.ca /mlc/sosc2080/lectures/oct23.html (486 words)

	SourceForge.net CVS Repository - log - cvs: gallery/gallery2/MANIFEST (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Rebuild MANIFEST files in new format; manually added R entries for many files removed in the past few months.
		Rebuilt the MANIFEST files on a clean workspace to avoid problems with files that don't have CVS keyword expansion in my regular development workspace, and also to pick up the latest tab delimiter change.
		Yet another manifest update -- the last one was run from a workspace that didn't have all the files checked out.
	cvs.sourceforge.net /cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/gallery/gallery2/MANIFEST?... (3537 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Christianity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The third antecedent condition to the birth of Christianity, as we learn from the sacred records, was a special participation of the Holy Spirit given to the Apostles on the day of Pentecost.
		According to Christ's promise, the function of this Divine gift was to teach them all truth and bring back to their remembrance all that [Christ] had said to them (John, xiv, 26; xvi, 13).
		But Christ claimed to fulfil the Law by substituting the substance for the shadow and the gift for the promise, and, the end having been reached, all that was temporary and provisional in Judaism came to a conclusion.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03712a.htm (8658 words)

	Story Manifest Function :: Essay Sample. Free term papers for college students
		Some of the Manifest functions John saw was the preservation of game that would be brought about if he could stop hunting for profit by taking the game off the menus at the near by restaurants.
		However latent functions occurred with the passing of the law, the amount of people who suffered food poisoning from the meat cooked at the restaurants went down.
		However latent dysfunction's occurred, somewhere ville, their neighbor to the east, who's economy was propelled by their firearms and ammunition industry suddenly had no customers, and promptly went bankrupt.
	www.essaysample.com /essay/002150.html (461 words)

	PHI 325 Overhead 04.02.27 Friday (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		social functions in Marx: forms of consciousness, e.g., religion, function to promote interests of powerful classes
		functionalism explains existence of social phenomena by their function in the society
		manifest function (mediated by conscious intention) vs. latent function (not mediated by any conscious intention)
	www.public.asu.edu /~kobes/325ov04.02.27fri.html (249 words)

	Religion in American Society
		Provides a prophetic voice to criticize other institutions when they are seen to be in error and mobilizes people to promote change.
		The civil rights movement, anti-abortion movement, and the Sanctuary movement are fairly recent example of this function of religion in our society.
		Have an economic function in that they collect a large amount of funds which provide employment for ministers, teachers, church construction, publishers, etc., etc.
	www.orednet.org /~jflory/205/rel_intr.htm (1585 words)

	MoreRead.com - WinXpStyle Class - 2004-06-07
		A separate manifest is not required to enable visual styles when calling
		In this case we assume that "FormTest2" is the name of our project and also is an assembly name.
		I consider that is it a stand alone class and also all its public function are static.
	www.moreread.com /it/archives/2004/06/07/24592.shtml (603 words)

	Zhuangzi [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		Indeed, it appears to be articulated precisely in response to those who oppose the traditional Ruist values of humanity and rightness (ren and yi) by claiming to have a superior mystical ground from which to judge them to be lacking.
		Guo Xiang's aim in asserting the equality of every thing, every position, and every function, is to encourage each thing, and each person, to accept its own place in the hierarchical system, to acknowledge its value in the functioning of the whole.
		This 'withdrawal' has two functions: the first is to preserve one's 'life'; the second is to allow society to function naturally, and thus to bring itself to a harmonious completion.
	www.iep.utm.edu /z/zhuangzi.htm (7196 words)

	Nu? What's New? Back Issues
		I recently contacted the EI people to ask when the missing and erroneous manifest problem would be solved.
		It has awakened the Ellis Island people to the fact that there is a lot more functionality that can be put into their system.
		For example, if you know that an ancestor was born between 1880 and 1885 and arrived at Ellis Island between 1900 and 1910, using the limited Ellis Island database functionality, you would need to compute his age at arrival as between 15 (1900-1885) and 30 (1910-1880).
	www.avotaynu.com /nu8.htm (11525 words)

	The Edwardsville Journal of Sociology, Volume 2, 2002.
		One of the major influences on a moral panic is the media.
		The manifest function of the media, when the topic is crime and deviance, is to inform the lay populace as to deviant behavior and its consequences (Cohen 1990; original 1972).
		The media coverage results in its latent function, the distortion and perpetuation of moral panic (Cohen 1990; original 1972).
	www.siue.edu /SOCIOLOGY/journal/v2hernandez2002.htm (5712 words)

	Important Terms. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		For example, the reform of big city political machines had a lot of unintended consequences on the governability of American cities (see also MANIFEST FUNCTION).
		The lack of sufficient commitment on the part of members to a particular social institution for that organization to function effectively.
		A serious mental disorder that involves a failure to distinguish between internal and external reality, the affected person cannot function effectively in social life.
	campus.murraystate.edu /academic/faculty/frank.elwell/Prob3/glossary/gloss1.htm (5979 words)

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