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Topic: Manimekalai

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	Selected Writings Chapter 2
		Paranavitane refers to Manimekalai as ‘a Tamil poem, a work attributed to the second century of the Christian era’, and adds that the goddess Manimekalai after whom the heroine of the work is named seems to have been a patron saint of the sea faring people of the Tamil land who professed the Buddhist faith.
		Jacobi’s assumption that the Buddhist logic of Manimekalai is derived from that of Dignaga’s Nyayapravesa.
		The Manimekalai is an exposition of Hinayana Buddhism.
	members.cox.net /wgunasegaram/CH3.htm (2554 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Manimekalai
		Manimekalai, written by Seethalai Saathanar, is one of the masterpieces of Tamil literature and belongs to The Five Great Epics of Tamil Literature.
		Manimekalai is a sequel to Cilappatikaram and tells the story of the daughter of Kovalan and Madhavai.
		Manimekalai is on the verge of marrying a prince, when she is abducted and taken to an island "Manipallava Theevu" by her fairy God Mother known as "Manimegala Theivam".
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Manimekalai (336 words)

	Manimekalai - மணிமேகலை
		Manimekalai the other half of the twin epics represents the continuation of the sad saga of MAdhavi and her daughter, MaNimEkalai.
		Born to be a courtesan, her decision to take the vow of chastity and charity is a daring innovation, which utilized creative power in the service of spiritual and social goals.
		One of the finest jewels of Tamil poetry", the epic poem Manimekalai by Poet Sathanar, 2nd century A.D., is unique for the deep spirituality and mysticism it unfolds against the historical and geographical background of South India and of adjacent Jaffna.
	www.tamilnation.org /literature/manimekalai.htm (2255 words)

	The Lingalayam Dance Company Exploring human expression but struggling with a theme
		Deeply affected by the dances of Puhra’s maidens, Manimekalai is enraptured by an unexpected vision of her mother, Madhavi, dancing.
		Manimekalai must choose to break with her mother or abandon the dense band of copper-toned bells that all Bharatha Natyam dancers wear around their ankles.
		While this figure appeared at the very beginning of the dance—he walked across the stage just prior to Manimekalai’s first vision of her mother dancing—his emergence as the central character (and religion as the central idea) in the concluding scene was not developed in the prior choreography.
	www.wsws.org /articles/2001/aug2001/ling-a04.shtml (1616 words)

	Judith Weir - Manimekalai and Psyche
		Manimekalai is the sequel to Silappadhikaram, the story of Kannagi, a woman who challenges the King in seeking justice for the murder of her husband Kovalan and is associated with the city of Madurai even today.
		Manimekalai is the daughter from the union of a temple courtesan and Kovalan.
		Manimekalai is trained in her art, according to her caste, and Prince Udayan is desperate for her love.
	www.bcmg.org.uk /default.php?id=461 (1020 words)

	TRANS Nr. 16: Arputhrani Sengupta (New Delhi, India): Manimekalai. Dancer with Magic Bowl
		Manimekalai is one of the earliest literary masterpieces replete with mythical motifs interwoven with folktale, which at the same time seeks to explain the meaning of life, with vivid descriptions of human society and culture.
		Manimekalai or ‘The Dancer with the Magic Bowl’ was destined by birth for art and pleasure and lived in a street where women of pleasure resided in a house of several floors with gilded balconies.
		Manimekalai was a courtesan by birth and Vasanatmala in the group was convinced that for a girl destined by birth for art and pleasure to become an ascetic and mortify herself was an impious act.
	www.inst.at /trans/16Nr/05_1/sengupta16.htm (9174 words)

	The role of fate-7
		MaNimEkalai, the heroine of the epic by the same name, was the daughter of KOvalan and MAdhavi (of silappadhikAram).
		MaNimEkalai then received a magic food bowl (amudha surabhi) from a pond in the island, went to PuhAr in the mainland and fed homeless and hungry people with limitless food from the magic bowl.
		The guardian angel of the island of MaNipallavam tells MaNimEkalai that the city of PuhAr got submerged under the sea due to the curse of the goddess MaNimEkalA because the sOzha king neglected to perform the indra festival as a result of his grief over the loss of his child.
	www.chennaionline.com /columns/variety/2005/08fate04.asp (1391 words)

	Reviews Area
		It is to these texts—the sixth-century poetic narrative, Manimekalai, and the eleventh-century treatise on grammar and poetics, the Viracoliyam, along with its commentary—that the discussion now turns, for the Manimekalai and the Viracoliyam stand at the center of this exploration of the nature of Buddhism in the Tamil-speaking region of southern India.
		The Viracoliyam presents a formidable counterpart to the earlier Manimekalai; neither narrative nor poetry, the text is a theoretical work that seeks to relate the grammatical and literary analysis of Tamil to that of the pan-Indian language of erudition, Sanskrit.
		Pinpointing as a central motif in the main narrative the arising of those conditions conducive to Manimekalai's enlightenment (signaled by the technical term etunika;cci), the narrative and doctrinal portions of the text are shown to be intimately connected through concern with the interdependently arising nature of the world and human relationships.
	www.tamilelibrary.org /reviews-67.html (4079 words)

	Manimekalai Dancer with Magic Bowl (Buddhist Epic in Tamil-Second Century A.D.)
		The narrative in the Tamil epic Manimekalai was chosen for its striking qualities of innovation and reproduction.
		When Manimekalai took decisions on her life, cognition and positive force set her on the path of knowledge.
		The Tamil epic Manimekalai has endured for nearly two millenniums because of the innovation of Brahmi script derived from Aramaic, which enabled reproduction of knowledge through writing for the benefit of society.
	www.easternbookcorporation.com /moreinfo.php?txt_searchstring=9968 (190 words)

	[No title]
		Producer-Director Leena Manimekalai's `Mathamma' and `Parai' were screened recently at the Women in Director's Chair, an international Film and Video Festival, held in Chicago, USA.
		Manimekalai says `Mathamma' was made adopting the technique of `visual ethnography' (a documentary making style to tell stories and explore culture and people).
		Manimekalai also presented two papers - on cultural, technical and ethical issues in ethnographic filmmaking and on "women in developing countries."
	www.hinduonnet.com /thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2004042608230200.htm&date=2004/04/26/&prd=thlf& (263 words)

	Silappadikaram & Manimekalai
		Silappadikaram and Manimekalai, usually seen as parallel verse-epics, are among the great classics of ancient Tamil poetry.
		Manimekalai, the only extant Tamil Buddhist poem, is about the daughter of Kovalan and Madhavi.
		Together with the text, the illustration by A V Ilango bring to the modern reader - in form, composition and color - the texture of the times, the beliefs and practices, and the contrasts in lifestyles across town, village, river, hill and forest in the Tamil country.
	www.indiaclub.com /html/6352.htm (441 words)

	Cātanār Biography / Profile
		He is the author of Tiruvalluvar Malai (third or fourth century c.e.; poems in honor of Tiruvalluvar) and the famous Tamil epic Manimekalai (third or fourth century c.e.; English translation, 1911), the story of a dancer and courtesan.
		Manimekalai, the daughter of Mātavi, is torn between her passion for a princely lover and her spiritual yearnings.
		Cātanār’s primary aim was to spread Buddhism in the Tamil country through the use of lively discussions on religion, philosophy, and supernatural elements.
	www.enotes.com /salem-lit/c-tan-r (256 words)

	The Hindu : Kaatrukkenna Vaeli
		Manimekalai (Sujitha) belongs to a militant group in Sri Lanka.
		Her leg is wounded in a fight and she is brought to Nagapattinam, in India, on a boat, for treatment.
		They illegally come into the country, to be treated and cured — but at the end of it all Manimekalai says the people here are heartless (because they try to hunt them down) and that she would never set foot on this soil.
	www.hinduonnet.com /thehindu/fr/2001/11/23/stories/2001112300970203.htm (477 words)

	The Telegraph - Calcutta : Nation
		Siva Manimekalai, a 53-year-old high school graduate, had run through the streets screaming warnings as soon as she saw the TV scrolls on the earthquake off Sumatra, helping save hundreds.
		Manimekalai, the Poompuhar panchayat chief, has won an award from an Italian NGO, Cesvi, for her efforts to help devastated families rebuild their homes and lives.
		Santhakumari, hunched over her papers at home, is penning the first comprehensive sociological work on Nagapattinam’s fishing community, describing the shattering effect the year-old tragedy continues to have on family ties.
	www.telegraphindia.com /1051224/asp/nation/story_5639953.asp (386 words)

	Intamm - Education - The Role of Buddhist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Tamil scholars declare that the virgin goddess of Tamil is wearing five jewells called Manimekalai, Silappathikaram, Valayapathi, Kundalakesi and Chinthamani of these the Manimekalai and Kundalakesi were written by the Buddhists while the other three were authored by Jains.
		Manimekalai talks of discussions among scholars belonging to various sects.
		That the Jains taught medicine to students is revealed from the medical titles to some of their ethical works i.e., Thirikadugam (Three medicines), Nanmanikkadigai (Four kinds of mixtures of precious stones), Sirupanchamoolam (a herb), Elathi (a medicine) etc. Jains were also adepts in magical formulas and taught them to some of their disciples.
	www.intamm.com /education/budd.htm (4404 words)

	Theyyam: The supernatural element in Tamil epics
		These were written during the sunset years of the Cankam era, the period of which is still a subject for debate among the hot-blooded Tamil scholars.
		In CilappathikAram, MaNimEkalai and ChinthAmaNi numerous gods, goddesses, goblins and inhabitants of the overcrowded Heaven come down at regular intervals to interact with the human beings.
		The upper caste ghosts in addition to their use of the caste system as a vehicle of oppression of kazhuthtu, also made these minians as their standard mode of transport, like the old man in Sindbad tales.
	theyyam.blogspot.com /2005/03/supernatural-element-in-ta_111008157656468999.html (1867 words)

	The Hindu : Offbeat documentaries
		Producer-Director Leena Manimekalai's `Mathamma' and `Parai' were screened recently at the Women in Director's Chair, an international Film and Video Festival, held in Chicago, USA.
		Manimekalai says `Mathamma' was made adopting the technique of `visual ethnography' (a documentary making style to tell stories and explore culture and people).
		Manimekalai also presented two papers - on cultural, technical and ethical issues in ethnographic filmmaking and on "women in developing countries."
	www.hindu.com /lf/2004/04/26/stories/2004042608230200.htm (282 words)

	Centre of Excellence for Classical Tamil
		The twin epics, Cilappatikaram and Manimekalai, commonly assigned to the second century A.D., tell the stories of two great women, Kannaki and Manimekalai respectively.
		The poem is known for its remarkable structure and texture and the poet for his narrative skill and humanism.
		Manimekalai, narrating the life of a danseuse turned nun, has a clear religious motive, the propagation of Buddhism.
	www.ciil-classicaltamil.org /t41txt.html (1162 words)

	When the Sea Swallowed a City Whole: Ideas & Identities of India Pakistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Puhar or Poompuhar, as it is presently known, is a fishing hamlet that was supposedly destroyed by an angry sea.
		The epic is named after its central character, a girl named Manimekalai, but the name also happens to be the name of the deity of the sea, who in a fit of anger causes the city of Puhar to be destroyed.
		The period of Manimekalai is thought to be between the 3rd and 6th centuries of the Common Era.
	www.chowk.com /show_article.cgi?aid=00004538&channel=leafyglade (3253 words)

	The patriarch of Tamil
		Interestingly, the original texts of a significant number of the much-acclaimed literary works of the Sangam period came to public notice only towards the end of the 19th century, when they appeared in print with commentaries.
		Until then, works such as the Aymperum Kaappiangal (the five great epics) - Silappathikaram, Manimekalai, Kundalakesi, Jeevaka Chintamani and Valaiyapathi, were in the form of palm leaf manuscripts in the possession of scores of families living in various parts of Tamil Nadu.
		As a result, a large number of literary works which were gathering dust as palm leaf manuscripts in lofts, store-rooms, boxes and cupboards saw the light of day.
	www.flonnet.com /fl2205/stories/20050311001909700.htm (1605 words)

	The Hindu : Kerala News : Giving voice to the voiceless
		Manimekalai was in North Kerala last week showing her films and discussing them on some campuses.
		Manimekalai has taken part in many film festivals and won awards for her documentaries.
		Manimekalai does not believe in stifling her theatrical passions.
	www.hindu.com /2006/07/30/stories/2006073002160200.htm (512 words)

	[ Paper given at the first International Conference-Seminar on Tamil Buddhism, held at the Institute of Asian Studies, ...
		It is in Manimekalai's single-minded devotion to the buddhist proselytising cause that Cattanar achieves both the reversal of a cankam tradition as well as the accomplishment of a religious tract, in spite of adhering to the samana pattutaicceyul (narrative poem) tradition.
		Little in the way of conclusive rewards may be obtained by continuing to insist on academic reflections on the Caminataiyar recension of the epic, Manimekalai, especially if we are not to let the controversy of its origins degenerate into an academic exercise in feeding the maws of academicism.
		Much of what we are contending about in Manimekalai is by analogy to be found in a rigorous delving into of the linguistic usages, particularly from a semantic point of view, of the overall text, that is, what may be considered a representative linguistic practice of a period and a place in Tamil literary history.
	stateless.freehosting.net /MANIMEKALAI.htm (2347 words)

	Tamil magazine Tamil news,poem,story,movie & song reviews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		(Manimekalai, V: 114) Lot of references could be got from the Sangam literature to the temple of Indra and the festival.
		Manimekalai refers to Indravizha in detail starting from its origin calling it the festival of the thousand eyed One (I: 26).
		Indra was pleased with the king and accepted not only to be present on all the days but also make other gods and the Ganas be present for the whole festival.
	www.nilacharal.com /news/specials/tamil_festivals_261.asp (1640 words)

	:::Actor Zone:::Ilayathalapathy Vijay.Com::: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		He happens to hear Manimekalai (Dimple) sing in a temple and he asks her to sing in the college function.
		Manimekalai gets him arrested for eve-teasing and triggered by that, Kannan tries to marry Manimekalai by force.
		Manimekalai hates him and tries to make him leave Ooty.
	www.ilayathalapathyvijay.com /kalamelamathiruppen.htm (234 words)

	When the Sea Swallowed a City Whole: Ideas & Identities of India Pakistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Puhar or Poompuhar, as it is presently known, is a fishing hamlet that was supposedly destroyed by an angry sea.
		The epic is named after its central character, a girl named Manimekalai, but the name also happens to be the name of the deity of the sea, who in a fit of anger causes the city of Puhar to be destroyed.
		The period of Manimekalai is thought to be between the 3rd and 6th centuries of the Common Era.
	chowk.com /show_article.cgi?aid=00004538 (3541 words)

	Adhiyamaan college of engineering hosur (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		G r 2005 adhiyamaan 6 kms perumal manimekalai.
		G r ph 041156 file format perumal manimekalai, which yes, acrobat view hosur 635 stand and bargur er.
		Nagar hosur mgr nagar view as perumal manimekalai, however dharmapuri dt hosur 635 stand and gt colleges, but r nagar format pdf stand and details department.
	adhiyamaan-college-of-engineering-hosur.brittany-blue.askabouttown.org (1275 words)

	The patriarch of Tamil
		Interestingly, the original texts of a significant number of the much-acclaimed literary works of the Sangam period came to public notice only towards the end of the 19th century, when they appeared in print with commentaries.
		Until then, works such as the Aymperum Kaappiangal (the five great epics) - Silappathikaram, Manimekalai, Kundalakesi, Jeevaka Chintamani and Valaiyapathi, were in the form of palm leaf manuscripts in the possession of scores of families living in various parts of Tamil Nadu.
		As a result, a large number of literary works which were gathering dust as palm leaf manuscripts in lofts, store-rooms, boxes and cupboards saw the light of day.
	www.frontlineonnet.com /fl2205/stories/20050311001909700.htm (1604 words)

	Wedding by Amma
		In 1993, Dr. Thiyagarajan's daughter Sakthi Manimekalai had gone to India to meet Amma for the fisrt time and seek Amma's blessing for graduate studies.
		In 1994 when Sakthi Manimekalai again meet with Amma, Amma told her to continue to focus on her studies and leave the wedding to Amma.
		Amma said to say "Whoever Amma says, that is the person for me" whenever anyone asked about wedding and Amma would guide her to the right person for her.
	www.omsakthi.org /gallery/usa2000/wedding/weddingindex.html (566 words)

	Seasons India :: Tamil Literature, India
		Prince Ilanko of Chera country (present-day Kerala) is believed to have renounced the world at an early age and retired to a monastery at Thirukunavayil.
		Chattanar narrated the story of Kovalan and Kannaki to Ilanko and urged him to write on the subject which involved the three royal houses of Cheras, Cholas and Pandyas.
		It is based on the rich natural environment of the Kaveri delta on the brink of a great change in the early decades of the twentieth century.
	www.seasonsindia.com /art_culture/lit_tamil_sea.htm (1109 words)

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