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Topic: Manimekhalai

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	National Institute of Oceanography, India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Manimekhalai mentions that the Chola king had lost his son and in his grief he forgot to celebrate the annual Indra festival.
		This enraged the goddess Manimekhalai who caused the city to be swallowed up by the sea.
		Though the reference is only to a supernatural incident, it may be taken as an echo of some actual sea erosion due to high tidal wave that lashed out on the city.
	www.nio.org /projects/vora/project_vora_5.jsp (913 words)

	COMING TO ....
		Manimekhalai, A Tamil classical work, written by the Tamil poet Satthanar in the second century AD, deals with the conflict over the gem-set throne and how Lord Buddha visited Nagadipa to settle the growing strife between the two warring Naga princes.
		Cilapathikaram, Manimekhalai, the Tamil poetical works, expounded the cause of the Theravada Buddhism, Dharma and Buddhist philosophy.
		During the existence of the Buddhist center at Kanchipuram, Tamil Buddhist clergies propagated the doctrine far as China, Korea and Japan.
	ktrcom.tripod.com /ktrajasingham/id8.html (4740 words)

	Dravidian race - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		The Tamil epic Shilappadikaram, begins with invocations to Chandra, Surya, and Indra, and has homages to Agni, Varuna, Shiva, Subrahmanya, Vishnu-Krishna, Uma, etc. The epic states that “Vedic sacrifices [are] being faultlessly performed” and has many references to Vedic culture and Vedic texts.
		In the Buddhist work Manimekhalai, the submergence of the city Puhar in Kumari Kandam is attributed to the neglect of the worship to Indra.
		According to Tamil Tradition, the Dravidians originally came from a submerged island Kumari Kandam in the south of India.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=9017 (1340 words)

	The equals of men
		Thus a wonderful city and its inhabitants were destroyed for a useless man. Jayalalithaa, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, did well to remove Kannagi's statue from Marina Beach in Chennai.
		Manimekhalai, daughter of Kovalan and Madhavi, was far better.
		Refusing to become a courtesan, the profession of her birth, she became a nun and Buddhist philosopher.
	www.hvk.org /articles/0506/218.html (1229 words)

	Kural
		While the monks and nuns generally belonged to a specific sect, it was not necessary for ordinary people who did not view the sects as being mutually exclusive.
		You may want to check Manimekhalai for a mention of the Jain texts (and an interesting introduction to Jain philosophy).
		It is also believed by some scholars that Manimekhalai could not have been written after the Pallava intrusion (around 295 AD).
	www.cs.colostate.edu /~malaiya/z/kural.html (7105 words)

	Manimekalai - மணிமேகலை
		Alan Danielou (translator) - Manimekhalai (The Dancer With the Magic Bowl) July 1989 - "The Manimekhalai, one of the masterpieces of Tamil literature, gives us in the form of didactic novel full of freshness and poetry, a delightful insight into the ways of life, the pleasures, beliefs and philosophical concepts of a refined civilisation...
		The Manimekhalai calls into question many of our received ideas concerning ancient India as well as our interpretation of the sources of its present day religion and philosophy.
		"The Manimekhalai, one of the masterpieces of Tamil literature, gives us in the form of didactic novel full of freshness and poetry, a delightful insight into the ways of life, the pleasures, beliefs and philosophical concepts of a refined civilisation...
	www.tamilnation.org /literature/manimekalai.htm (2255 words)

	LankaWeb News
		Therefore this legend in the Mahavamsa cannot be taken as evidence for the existence of a Tamil kingdom, not even the existence of a settled Tamil population in the Jaffna peninsula from very early times.
		In fact, except for this legend in the Mahavamsa and that in the Tamil poem Manimekhalai claiming Tamil settlements in ancient Nagadipa or the Jaffna peninsula, so far we have not found any reliable evidence even to prove the existence of any Tamil settlements there before the Polonnaruwa period.
		According to Dr S. Paranavithana, 'the Ceylon Tamils developed as a separate community with an identity of their own' only after the period of Cola rule at Polonnaruwa in the 11th century A.D. (The Kingdom of Jaffna, p.3).
	www.lankaweb.com /news/items04/081104-1.html (2693 words)

	Tamil Language, Tamil Character set, Tamil Language History, Tamil Grammar, How to Learn Tamil? - Online Entertainment ...
		The author of Silappadhikaram was the son of a Chera King liango Adikal.
		The title means the "Story of the Anklet" and the epic describes the moving story of Kannagi.
		Manimekhalai is the daughter of Madhavi and Kovalan, the hero of Silappadhikaram.
	www.tamilar.org /tamil-language.asp (819 words)

	Manimekhalai by Alain Danielou, Merchant-Pri Shattan, Ti Ve Kopalayyar at Smarter.com
		Never before translated into English, the Manimekhalai is one of the great classics of Indian culture.
		It is the story of a beautiful young dancer who decides to forego her looming career as a courtesan in order to dedicate her life (with the aid of gods, demigods, and a magic bowl called the Cow of Abundance) to charity and to attaining the 'bright light of knowledge.'
		It is the story of a beautiful young dancer who decides to forego her looming career as a courtesan in order to dedicate her life (with the aid of gods, demigods, and a magic bowl called the Cow of Abundance) to charity and to attaining the 'bright light of knowledge.' Less
	www.smarter.com /manimekhalai---pd--ch-1--pi-1058680.html (269 words)

	Ancient References
		On one hand, there are dance creations inspired by beautiful poetry and and prose and on the other hand ther are music compositions specially created with dancers 's purpose of interpretation of sung word through movement.
		Some of the works include Ilango Adigal's Silappadikram (5th-6th century), Manimekhalai, Jayadeva's Ashtapadis in Gita Govinda (12-13th century) and many more.
		An exceptionally important work was Sarangdeva's Sangeeta Ratnakara which gives a learned account of ancient music and its form and there are some chapters on dance too.
	www.nadanam.com /bharatnatyam/b_ref.htm (185 words)

	entities ~ metaxu buddhism
		But most of the time it is hidden in the water of a lake, from which it emerges annually on Buddha's birthday.
		it rises up and flies toward the virtuous lady, Manimekhalai, who will receive it and gtravel with it to a town where there are many desitute people because of ddrought, disease and other disasters.
		Out of the one bowl, Manimekhalai will feed all the hungry townspeople, and all the sick and usffering will be healthy and happy as soon as they touch the bowl.
	metaxu.to /buddhism/entities.php (3819 words)

	Languages of India
		The chapters are arranged in three books dealing with virtue, wealth and pleasure.
		Round about the 3rd century A.D., Tamil produced two epics Silappadhikaram and Manimekhalai which are considered twin epics like the Ramayana and Mahabharata.
		The author of Silappadhikaram was the son of a Chera king Ilango adikal.
	indiansaga.com /languages/tamil_lang.html (386 words)

	Sudipta Sen commentary
		The epic mentions that a Chola king had lost his son and in grief forgot to celebrate the annual Indra (king of the gods) Festival.
		This enraged Indra's emissary, the goddess Manimekhalai, who caused Puhar, the capital city, to be swallowed up by the sea.
		Marine archeology conducted in 2002 by members of the Scientific Exploration Society, the United Kingdom and underwater archeologists of the National Institute of Oceanography of India has revealed a submerged coastal city near present-day Poompuhar in Nagapattinam District.
	www.news.ucdavis.edu /tsunami/sen_article.lasso (908 words)

	History
		In ancient times, the system of dedicating young dancers to the temples as devadasis seems to have prevailed.
		Dance has special mention in two important Tamil works Silappadikaram and Manimekhalai of the Sangam age (500 B.C - 500 A.D).
		The sacred texts of the Shaivagamas prescribed the mode of worship and referred to the consecration of dancing girls in the service of the gods.
	www.bharathanatyam.com /history.html (1228 words)

	The Hindu : Tamil Nadu News : `I will support making Tamil an official language'
		He said it should also be the language used in courts since it would benefit people tremendously.
		The secretary, Manimekhalai Kannan, said no political colour should be attached to the function.
		The meeting was held to celebrate the declaration and to felicitate the person who had taken pains to get it declared a classical language.
	www.hindu.com /2004/10/11/stories/2004101106990400.htm (474 words)

	Tamil Nadu Tourism
		The Pallava cave temple at Mahabalipuram near Chennai is world-famous for its shore temples.
		Tamil language and literature have greater antiquity than most of the Indian languages.The Sangam literature is considered as a landmark in the literary and cultural history of India.Thirukkural, Silappadhikaram and Manimekhalai are among the epic literature in Tamil.
		The classical form of Music in South India is Carnatic Music was flowered through ages with Tamilnadu providing right background and patronage.
	www.tamilnow.com /tourism (415 words)

	Temples of South India-Kanyakumari veduku.com
		This is also done by women, for it is said that a Goddess once dwelt here and bathed”.
		The Sangam epics, “Silappadhikaram” and “Manimekhalai”, know of the temple and the costom of bathing in the seas nearby.
		The demon, hearing of Her beauty, coveted Her, though he knew it was ordained that a virgin would kill him.
	www.geocities.com /veduku/kanyakumari.htm (1019 words)

	Michel Danino - Vedic Roots of Early Tamil Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		After worshipping at two temples, one of Vishnu and the other of Shiva, the Chera king Shenguttuvan goes to the Himalayas in search of a stone for Kannagi’s idol, and bathes it in the Ganges—in fact, the waters of Ganga and those of Cauvery were said to be equally sacred.
		Similar examples could be given from the Manimekhalai : even though it is a predominantly Buddhist work, it also mentions many Vedic and Puranic gods, and attributes the submergence of Puhar to the neglect of a festival to Indra.
		This pluralism can already be seen in the two epics Shilappadikaram and Manimekhalai, which amply testify that what we call today Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism coexisted harmoniously.
	micheldanino.voiceofdharma.com /tamilculture.html (5316 words)

	Malayalam Hotnews - Navya and her tonsured hair
		Make-up artiste Pattanam Rasheed has given her a complete tonsured look in the film.
		In âAadum Koothuâ, Navya plays the central role of Manimekhalai, around whom the entire story revolves.
		The film portrays three decades of the life of the protagonist.
	malayalam.cinesouth.com /english/masala/hotnews/new/22022006-2.shtml (143 words)

	welcome to hsc
		But Indian epics, a hundred times richer and vaster in human experience, a thousand times more present in the Indian consciousness, will not be taught to an Indian child.
		Not to speak of other important texts such as the beautiful Tamil epics, Shilappadikaram and Manimekhalai.
		Panchatantra and countless other highly educational collections of Indian stories - even folk stories - are ruled out.
	www.hscnet.org /hwp.php?articleid=26 (1258 words)

	SRUTI-India's premier music and dance magazine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		What Ilango was referring to in Silappadikaram was the Saguda Yazh with 14 strings....
		My paper on Dance began with a mention of how the exuberance of Silappadikaram contrasted with the stark nature of Manimekhalai said to have been written at the same time.
		The epic clearly showed that there existed two streams of dance, one secular entertainment much like what we call classical style known as 'Santi Koothu' with a full fledged grammar, and the other, of ritual dances-- Vinoda Koothu, rendered by lay people while worshipping their pastoral deities.
	www.sruti.com /Jan06/nnote.html (786 words)

	AddALL.com - Manimekhalai: The Dancer With the Magic Bowl
		If you cannot find this book in our new and in print search, be sure to try our used and out of print search too!
		Rich with details of the period's arts, customs, and religions, the Manimekhalai provides an extraordinary picture of an age that suddenly comes back to life.
		Manimekhalai: The Dancer With the Magic Bowl - by Ti Ve Kopalayyar, Alain Danielou, Merchant-Pri Shattan - Paperback - List $11.95
	www.addall.com /detail/0811210979.html (153 words)

	The Hindu : Urn-burial site found at Adichanallur
		Dr. Satyamurthy said that the urns found at the site conformed to the description of the ritual in Tamil Sangam literature — that an urn is inverted over another urn, that there are pots around and so on.
		For instance, there are descriptions of urn-burial in the Tamil epic, Manimekhalai, which belongs to the last period of the Sangam epoch.
		Earlier, Sangam works such as Natrinai, Paditrupattu and Purananuru give elaborate descriptions of this custom.
	www.hindu.com /2004/03/14/stories/2004031400151100.htm (844 words)

	Amazon.com: Manimekhalai: The Dancer With the Magic Bowl: Books: Cattanar,Merchant-Pri Shattan,Alain Danielou,Ti. Ve ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Amazon.com: Manimekhalai: The Dancer With the Magic Bowl: Books: Cattanar,Merchant-Pri Shattan,Alain Danielou,Ti.
		Join Amazon Prime and ship Two-Day for free and Overnight for $3.99.
		Learn how Amazon can help you make this book an eBook.
	www.amazon.com /Manimekhalai-Dancer-Magic-Bowl-Cattanar/dp/0811210987 (757 words)

	The Hub :: View topic - THIRUKKURALH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The author of the book analysises the Relligious situation in Tholkappiyam to and takes all references of every song in Sangam Literature, Tholkappiyam, Silapathikaram and Manimekhalai and confirms the research view.
		He says Saivam did not exist in Valluvar days.
		Manimekhalai talks of Saiva Vathi and Vaishnava Vathi..
	www.mayyam.com /hub/viewtopic.php?p=660823 (8702 words)

	Basavanna’s quest for truth commendable, says Governor - Deccan Herald - Internet Edition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Food and Civil Supplies Minister Mahadevprasad said that Basavanna questioned the blind beliefs that tormented the society.
		On the occasion Agriculture Scientist Dr M Mahadevappa and Pumphar Panchayat President Manimekhalai who had awakened the villagers when tsunami waves hit the village were felicitated.
		Contract labourers try to barge into DC office »
	www.deccanherald.com /deccanherald/may132005/district20252005512.asp (462 words)

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