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	Manipulative therapy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Manipulative therapy involves use of body work or massage therapy and other physical manipulation of the body for healing, such as osteopathy, and chiropractic.
		A survey released in May 2004 by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine focused on who used complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), what was used, and why it was used in the United States by adults age 18 years and over during 2002.
		According to this recent survey, manipulative therapy was the 3rd most commonly used NCCAM classification of CAM categories (10.9%) in the United States during 2002 ([1] table 4 on page 10) when all use of prayer was excluded.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Manipulative_therapy (272 words)

	Massage - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A form of therapy, massage can be applied to parts of the body or successively to the whole body, to heal injury, relieve psychological stress, manage pain, improve circulation and relieve tension.
		Where massage is used for its physical and psychological benefits, it may be termed "therapeutic massage therapy" or manipulative therapy.
		Deep muscle therapy (created by Therese Pfrimmer), is a massage technique that focuses on using a very specific set of movements applied to all muscles and concentrating on all layers of the muscle that have become depleted of their regular blood and lymphatic flow.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Massage_therapy (2479 words)

	Manipulative and Body-Based Practices: An Overview
		Data on the remaining manipulative and body-based practices are sparser, but it can be estimated that they are collectively used by less than 7 percent of the adult population.
		Manipulative and body-based practices focus primarily on the structures and systems of the body, including the bones and joints, the soft tissues, and the circulatory and lymphatic systems.
		Despite this heterogeneity, manipulative and body-based practices share some common characteristics, such as the principles that the human body is self-regulating and has the ability to heal itself and that the parts of the human body are interdependent.
	nccam.nih.gov /health/backgrounds/manipulative.htm (2730 words)

	Knowledge King - Manipulative therapy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Manipulative therapy involves use of massage and other physical manipulation of the body for healing.
		Manipulative therapy is used in chiropractic medicine, osteopathic medicine, alternative medicine and by mainstream medical practitioners.
		It relies partially upon the placebo effect and may be effective in providing both short and long term relief.
	www.knowledgeking.net /encyclopedia/m/ma/manipulative_therapy.html (134 words)

	NCAHF - Position Paper on Chiropractic
		This may be due to a fear that the chiropractor may attempt to indoctrinate patients in deviant health beliefs, a disbelief in the value of manipulative therapy, or an apathy to non-medical practitioners.
		Chiropractors who restrict their practice to manipulation may be correctly labeled "straights", but whether practitioners believe their manipulation to be removing "causes" or "effects" is essential when evaluating individuals.
		Be alert to the fact that, although manipulatlve therapy has distinct value in the treatment of back pain and may provide subjective relief on other chronic conditions, and chiropractors are educated and trained in manipulation, they represent but one source of this service.
	www.ncahf.org /pp/chirop.html (5236 words)

	Manipulative Therapy - Famous Therapies - GKIndia.com
		Whilst utilizing techniques which resemble osteopathic manipulative therapy and chiropractic, manipulative therapists regard their work as being aimed at the physical normalization of joint and muscle dysfunction, with the objective of improving mechanical function.
		Some are skillful and competent, but their narrow view as to the value and application of manipulation, together with their limited approach to bodily dysfunction, distinguishes them from the osteopathic practitioner.
		Manipulation, as practiced by bonesetters, was a relatively simple matter of pushing or pulling restricted joints, to achieve ease of movement.
	www.gkindia.com /therapies/manipulativetherapy.htm (639 words)

	The History of Manipulative Therapy
		Manipulative Therapy is a long-established technique that is widely utilized by the osteopathic medical profession.
		Indeed, in modern American medicine, manipulative therapy is the cornerstone of osteopathic medicine.
		He focused on the foot in the practice he established in Los Angeles, calling himself an Osteopath, and it was not long before he had a string of clinics, stretching from Los Angeles to Oakland and San Francisco, in which foot problems were treated.
	www.podiatryworkshop.com /history.htm (241 words)

	Swodeam Consulting Inc. - Manual Therapy Online Column
		Spinal manipulative therapy (SMT), that is high velocity thrust techniques to vertebra, in its most restrictive physical therapy definition consists of a series of manual techniques to increase range of motion and decrease pain in the spinal regions.
		Is it safe, who should and should not manipulate, on which patients it should be done, the indications and contra-indications for manipulation, whether it is an appropriate treatment for physical therapists, whether it is a valid treatment or not, informed consent, its efficacy, training, examinations and so on.
		They are intended to review, augment and facilitate the knowledge and skills previously gained on manual therapy or other course and to stimulate the untrained or trainee physical therapist to increase the bounds of his or her knowledge and skill base.
	swodeam.com /column/spinal1.asp (1183 words)

	Master of Health Science (Orthopaedic Manipulative Therapy) – conversion course
		The Master of Health Science (Orthopaedic Manipulative Therapy) conversion course is designed to allow graduates from the AAOMT’ postgraduate program to upgrade to Master degree status.
		The course has an advanced clinical skills focus related to the theory and practice of orthopaedic manipulative therapy and combines this with an emphasis on research, project work and case studies.
		Applicants should hold an undergraduate degree or diploma in Physiotherapy, be registered to practice as a Physiotherapist in Australia and have graduated from the three-year part-time postgraduate orthopaedic manipulative therapy program conducted by the AAOMT or the International equivalent.
	www.csu.edu.au /handbook/handbook04/postgraduate/p11_22.html (195 words)

	UCSF News Office - Chiropractic treatment of the neck can be a risk factor for stroke
		Several previously published studies have reported cases in which spinal manipulative therapy of the neck has preceded stroke by minutes or weeks in patients who subsequently developed vertebral artery dissections, but these studies were not designed to establish causation.
		The researchers reported that patients under age 60 who had strokes or transient ischemic attacks from tears in the vertebral artery were six times more likely to have had spinal manipulative therapy in the 30 days prior to their stroke than patients who had strokes from other causes.
		In their paper, the researchers propose that since spinal manipulative therapy is a medical procedure, practitioners should carry out a formal consent process, in which risk would be disclosed.
	pub.ucsf.edu /newsservices/releases/200307213 (1165 words)

	MANIPULATIVE THERAPY
		Manipulative Therapists work with the bones, muscles and connective tissue using their hands to diagnose and treat abnormalities of structure and function.
		Manipulative Therapists are trained at Scottish Massage Schools to the Standards that were formerly required by Osteopathy before legislation occurred, stating that all osteopathic training must be to a degree standard.
		Training in Manipulative Therapy is a wonderful opportunity for the serious therapist who wants to learn this art and yet cannot commit to a full degree programme.
	www.scotmass.co.uk /Therapies/manipulativetherapy.htm (448 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Chiropractic medicine is a form of treatment that uses manipulative therapy to correct subluxation, which many chiropractors hold is the cause of most disease.
		Although manipulative therapy has been shown to have some efficacy in treating back pain, headache, and other symptoms of spinal-related conditions, the application of chiropractic medicine as a cure or outside of this specific area is controversial and generally rejected by medical doctors in most countries.
		Although manipulative therapy has been shown to have some efficacy in treating back pain, headache, and other symptoms of spinal-related conditions, rigorous, medical studies have not supported the efficacy of chiropractic medicine as a cure outside of this specific area.
	www.askmytutor.co.uk /c/ch/chiropractic_medicine.html (2687 words)

	ICPA - Common Cold
		Chiropractic manipulation and soft tissue manipulation administered 2-6 times per month for approximately 1 yr had minimal long-term effect on the patient's head pain.
		Manipulative therapy of upper respiratory tract infections in children.
		Schmidt, I.C. "Osteopathic Manipulative Therapy As a Primary Factor in the Management of Upper, Middle and Pararespiratory Infections".
	www.icpa4kids.org /research/chiropractic/cold.htm (520 words)

	Biography
		I graduated with a Baccalaureate of Science in Physical Therapy from Queen’s University in 1988.
		Manipulative therapy takes a systematic, problem-solving approach to patient treatment that has a sound scientific and clinical basis.
		I feel that a manual / manipulative physiotherapist is a valuable asset to a health care team for both prevention of injury, and for treatment of injury.
	manipulativetherapy.org /therapist.php?bio=478 (240 words)

	CHIROWEB \| DC Archives - (Manipulative Therapy: Just a Placebo?)
		Chiropractic care, particularly spinal manipulation or adjustment, is an increasingly frequent topic in medicine and health care policy circles.
		Manipulation treatment often requires several encounters involving physical contact and direct physician attention over a focused time interval.
		The data also show that, at least for thrusting techniques of manipulation, there is a treatment-specific advantage beyond the nonspecific effects.
	www.chiroweb.com /archives/19/24/16.html (534 words)

	Historical Perspective: The Research Status of Spinal Manipulative Therapy (1975)
		Although focusing on the biology and therapy of back pain, there was discussion of other neuro-muscular disorders and of visceral disorders in which manipulative therapy is used.
		Following this in-depth analysis of what was known at that time about spinal manipulative therapy and the principles on which it was founded, there was group discussion of what was not known and what needed to be known.
		Thus, a stage was set in 1975 for the further study of the broad area of manipulative (manual) therapy as an interdisciplinary and inter-professional collaborative research endeavor.
	nccam.nih.gov /news/upcomingmeetings/abstracts_mt/historical.htm (372 words)

	AMFI - Manual Therapies Resource Guides
		Manual therapy is a general term for modalities that use the hands to diagnose and treat illness and musculoskeletal disorders, as well as to maintain health.
		The OHWI is an institute for Osteopathic manipulative medicine, craniosacral therapy, and manipulative therapy education devoted to teaching gentle, yet potent, manipulative techniques that allow the body to heal itself.
		In this type of therapy, the bones of the skull are gently manipulated to alleviate a wide range of conditions, including headaches, ear infections, strokes, spinal cord injuries, and cerebral palsy.
	www.amfoundation.org /manualtherapies.htm (4641 words)

	Manipulative Therapy in Addition to Usual Medical Care for Patients with Shoulder Dysfunction and Pain: A Randomized, ...
		It can be treated with manipulative therapy, but scientific evidence for the effectiveness of such therapy is lacking.
		OBJECTIVE: To study the effectiveness of manipulative therapy for the shoulder girdle in addition to usual medical care for relief of shoulder pain and dysfunction.
		During the intervention and follow-up periods, a consistent between-group difference in severity of the main complaint, shoulder pain and disability, and general health favored additional manipulative therapy.
	www.chiro.org /LINKS/ABSTRACTS/Manipulative_Therapy_in_Addition.shtml (350 words)

	Cranial Manipulative Therapy
		Cranial manipulative therapy is also practiced by a small faction of chiropractors.
		One parent, who helped restrain her child during therapy, testified that the chiropractors applied such tremendous pressure to her son's skull and roof of mouth that they would break into a sweat and shake with exertion.
		Manipulative medicine in dentistry: a new potential for diagnosis and treatment (Harakal) J Craniomandibular Pract 3:63-68, 1984.
	www.ncahf.org /articles/c-d/cranial.html (2249 words)

	Manipulative therapy and a low load exercise regimen each reduced the frequency and intensity of cervicogenic headache ...
		Manipulative therapy and a low load exercise regimen each reduced the frequency and intensity of cervicogenic headache -- Yelland 8 (4): 109 -- Evidence-Based Medicine
		Manipulative therapy and a low load exercise regimen each reduced the frequency and intensity of cervicogenic headache
		A randomized controlled trial of exercise and manipulative therapy for cervicogenic headache.
	ebm.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/8/4/109 (647 words)

	Manipulative Therapy In Russia, Part I \| Andrei Pikalov, MD, PhD
		The terms "manipulative therapist" or "manual therapist" are commonly used in my country to name doctors who practice manipulative treatment.
		Manual therapy was developed as a method for treatment of patients with neurologic vertebrogenous disorders.
		A.A. Barvinchenko, president of the Moscow Association of Manual Therapy and the dean of Traditional Medicine (faculty of Moscow Advanced Training Institutes for Doctors), is encouraging collaboration between Russian manual therapists and chiropractors in the West.
	www.chiroweb.com /archives/12/02/02.html (463 words)

	Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine: Spinal manipulative therapy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Forms of manipulative therapy have been used for thousand of years in Asia.
		Both these therapies can be used in cases of "slipped disk," and are also used after accidents or surgery to restore mobility.
		The spinal manipulative therapies all have in common that the therapist will generally work on his/her patient while they are lying on a special treatment couch adjusted to the height of the practitioner.
	www.findarticles.com /cf_dls/g2603/0006/2603000678/p1/article.jhtml (776 words)

	MRL Research Areas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Spinal manipulative therapy is a commonly used conservative treatment in patients with pain of musculoskeletal origin.
		Numerous spinal manipulative therapy techniques exist that produce different forces, loading vectors, and loading rates providing clinicians with technique specific choices for treatment of particular patient conditions and/or spinal level.
		Because spinal manipulation therapy (SMT) is a mechanical intervention, it is inherently logical to assume that its mechanisms of therapeutic benefit may lie in the mechanical properties of the applied force (mechanical mechanisms), the body’s response to such force (mechanical or physiologic mechanisms), or a combination of these and other factors.
	www.emba.uvm.edu /~keller/mrl/AlternativeMedicine.htm (564 words)

	UPMC Center for Integrative Medicine, Chiropractic Manipulative Therapy , UPMC, Pittsburgh PA, USA
		Chiropractors are most known for treating patients with neuromusculoskeletal disorders and related clinical conditions including back pain, neck pain, and headache using a gentle thrust or adjustment to a specific vertebrae.
		In addition to spinal manipulation, other acceptable modes of chiropractic treatment may include exercise instruction, lifestyle modification, and nutritional counseling as well as the use of therapeutic modalities such as trigger point massage, electric muscle stimulation, and ultrasound.
		Spinal manipulation is not recommended in patients with certain arthritic conditions, fractures, dislocations, cancer, or infection at the area of treatment.
	integrativemedicine.upmc.com /Chiropractic.htm (302 words)

	American Family Physician: Spinal manipulative therapy for low back pain
		In the short term, manipulative therapy is as effective for acute or chronic low back pain as other treatments such as analgesics, physical therapy, exercises, back school, and routine care from a primary care physician.
		Manipulation is better than sham therapy and several methods that have been shown to be ineffective or harmful, such as traction, corsets, bed rest, diathermy, and no therapy.
		The Randomized Osteopathic Manipulation Study, (3) which was not part of this review, examined osteopathic manipulation and found short-term improvement at two and six months compared with usual care.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3225/is_3_71/ai_n11833444 (946 words)

	Spinal manipulative therapy for low-back pain (Cochrane Review) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Objectives: To resolve the discrepancies related to the use of spinal manipulative therapy and to update previous estimates of effectiveness, by comparing spinal manipulative therapy with other therapies and then incorporating data from recent high-quality randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) into the analysis.
		For patients with acute low-back pain, spinal manipulative therapy was superior only to sham therapy (10-mm difference [95% CI, 2 to 17 mm] on a 100-mm visual analogue scale) or therapies judged to be ineffective or even harmful.
		Spinal manipulative therapy had no statistically or clinically significant advantage over general practitioner care, analgesics, physical therapy, exercises, or back school.
	www.update-software.com /abstracts/AB000447.htm (480 words)

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