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Topic: Mannaeans

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	Mannaeans - QuickSeek Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Mannaeans (or Mannai, Mannae, Biblical Minni) were an ancient people of unknown origin, who lived in the territory of present-day Iranian Azerbaijan around the 10th to 7th century BC.
		The original Mannaean homeland was situated east and south of the Lake Urmia, roughly centered around modern-day Mahabad,[1] and at their greatest extent their borders expanded as far as the Kura river.
		The Mannaeans are recorded as rebelling against Esarhaddon of Assyria in 676 BC, when they interrupted the horse trade between Assyria and Parsuash.
	encyclopedia.quickseek.com /index.php/Mannai (662 words)

	Esarhaddon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Mannaeans, the Scythians under their king Ishpakaia, and the Guti of the Zagros proved to be a nuisance as well, as is attested by numerous oracle-texts.
		The Mannaeans, former vassals of the Assyrians, were no longer restricted to the area around Lake Urmia, but had spread into Zamua, where they interrupted the horse trade between Parsuash and Assyria and refused to pay further tribute.
		After the fall of Phrygia, a daughter of Esarhaddon was wedded to the Scythian prince Partatua of Sakasene in order to improve relations with the nomads.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Esarhaddon (1066 words)

	Mannaeans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In the year B.C. the Medes the Cimmerians and the Mannaeans revolted against Esarhaddon the King of Assyria under the leadership of Kashtaritu Mannaeans Mannerheim Baron Carl Gustav Emil mannerism Mannes David Mannheim Karl The Columbia Encyclopedia Sixth Edition.
		Mannaeans: Mannerheim, Baron Carl Gustav Emil: mannerism: Mannes, David: Mannheim, Karl...
		Early 1st millennium BCE: The region of the future Mahabad is the centre of the Mannaeans.
	lagerphone.blogiston.com /Qajar_dynasty/Mannaeans (166 words)

	The rise and fall of Media.(Ancient Near East) - International Journal of Kurdish Studies - HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In 679/678 Esarhaddon, if we are to believe his own words, managed to defeat the Mannaeans and their ally, Ishpakai the Scythian.
		At the outset, the Mannaeans and the Cimmerians allied themselves with Media and later, over the course of the rebellion, Ellipi joined them [Starr, 1990, No. 43-45, 48-51, 62, 65, 76, 79, 80].
		Mannaeans aligned with Medes attacked the provinces of Harhar and Kishessim; they captured several Assyrian fortresses on the border between Assyria and Manna [Starr, 1990, No. 29-33].
	highbeam.com /doc/1G1:132797079/The+rise+and+fall+of+...?refid=ip_hf (5968 words)

	Top Literature - History of Iran
		The history of Iran covers thousands of years, from the ancient civilization on the Iranian plateau, Mannaeans civilization in Azerbaijan, Shahr-i Sokhta (Burned City) in Zabol and ancient Kingdom of Jiroft followed by the kingdom of Elam and the Achaemenid, the Parthian, the Sassanian and following Empires to the modern Islamic Republic of Iran.
		These are some of the civilizations in Iran before the Aryans: Neolithic civilizations, Teppe Sialk, Shahr-e Sukhteh, Marlik civilization, Luristan civilization, Mannaeans civilization, Kingdom of Jiroft, Elamite kingdom.
		The ancient nation of Iran was historically known to the West as Persia until March 21, 1935.
	encyclopedia.topliterature.com /?title=History_of_Iran (3448 words)

	Mahabad Palaver @ 209.197.89.145 () (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		With an estimated population of 168,328 inhabitants in 2006 [1], the city lies south of Lake Urmia in a narrow valley 1,300 metres above sea level.
		Mannaeans were a branch of Hurrians (Khurrites) who are the main ancestor of the Kurds.
		Mahabad is the centre of a rich agricultural region, but the city itself is little developed by Iranian standards.
	209.197.89.145 /encyclopedia/Mahabad (652 words)

	History of The Kurds Cyclopedia @ 216.92.85.60 () (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The second and first was the time of the Kassites, Mitanni, Mannai (Mannaeans), Urartu, and Mushku.
		The Hurrians — whose name may be seen today in the dialect and district of Hawraman in Kurdistan — were divided into many clans and subgroups, who set up city-states, kingdoms and empires known today after their respective clan names.
		The major peoples in the mountain region during this era (some of whom spoke languages known to be unrelated to Hurrian) included the Gutis, Kurti, Khaldi, Mards, Mushku, Manna (Mannaeans), Hatti, Mittanni, Urartu, and the Kassites, to name just a few [3].
	216.92.85.60 /encyclopedia/History_of_the_Kurds (3580 words)

	Prophecy against Babylon continued (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The second are the Mannaeans of the Assyrian records, who lived south of Lake Urmia.
		As was pointed out in the Bible Reading Program comments on a parallel prophecy concerning Babylon's downfall, Isaiah 21, while some of the Medes probably still live in their ancient homeland, many today may be found north of the Black Sea in what is now the Ukraine.
		Ashkenaz is commonly identified with the Scythians—though it should be understood that various nomadic groups near the Caspian Sea were known as Scythians, including the Israelites who came out of Assyrian captivity (see our free booklet The United States and Britain in Bible Prophecy).
	www.ucgstp.org /bible/brp/jer51.htm (1969 words)

	Elam - QuickSeek Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Its culture played a crucial role in the Persian Empire, especially during the Achaemenid dynasty that succeeded it, when the Elamite language remained in official use.
		The Elamite period is considered a starting point for the history of Iran (although there were older civilizations in Iranian plateau like Mannaeans kingdom in Iranian Azarbaijan and Shahr-i Sokhta (Burned City) in Zabol and other indigenous civilizations such as Jiroft Kingdom who lived in Iranian plateau but weren't as established as Elamites).
		The Elamite language was not related to any Iranian languages, but may be part of a larger group known as Elamo-Dravidian.
	encyclopedia.quickseek.com /index.php/Elamite_Empire (3282 words)

	Kurd Biog @ AlienArtifacts.com (Alien Artifacts) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		All these tribes were part of the larger group of Hurrians (Khurrites), and together helped to shape the Hurrian phase of Kurdish history
		The "Hurrian" name has survived, most prominently in the dialect and district of Hawraman/Auraman in present-day Iran.
		The ancient Greek historian Xenophon referred to the Kurds in Anabasis as "Khardukhi...a fierce and protective mountain-dwelling people" who attacked Greek armies in 400 BCE.
	www.alienartifacts.com /encyclopedia/Kurd (2706 words)

	Mannaeans on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		MANNAEANS [Mannaeans], ancient people of Asia Minor, occupying the region E of Assyria and SE of Urartu, in present-day NW Iran.
		Magazines and Newspapers for: Mannaeans or search in Pictures and Maps for Mannaeans
		The rise and fall of Media.(Ancient Near East)
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/M/Mannaean.asp (118 words)

	History of Iran: Median Empire
		According to Herodotus (History of Herodotus), Deioces was succeeded by his son Phraortes (675-653 BCE), who subjugated the Persians and lost his life in a premature attack against the Assyrians.
		Assyrian texts speak of a Kashtariti as the leader of a conglomerate group of Medes, Scythians, Mannaeans, and miscellaneous other local Zagros peoples that seriously threatened the peace of Assyria's eastern borderlands during the reign of Esarhaddon (680-669 BCE).
		It is possible that Phraortes is this Kashtariti, though the suggestion cannot be proved either historically or linguistically.
	www.iranchamber.com /history/median/median.php (1007 words)

	Kurdistan - QuickSeek Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The tract to this day known as Kurdistan, the high mountain region south and south-east of Lake Van between Persia and Mesopotamia, was in the possession of Kurds from before the time of Xenophon, and was known as the country of the Carduchi, as Cardyene or Cordyene.
		Kurds claim descent from various ancient groups; among them the Guti, Mannai (Mannaeans), Hurrian and Medes [8].
		The original Mannaean homeland was situated east and south of the Lake Urmia, roughly centered around modern-day Mahabad [9].
	kurdistan.quickseek.com (1611 words)

	Kurdish people (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		They were divided into many clans and subgroups and settled in city-states, kingdoms and empires with eponymous clan names.
		All these tribes were part of the larger group of Hurrians, and together helped to shape the Hurrian phase of Kurdish history [18].
		There are numerous historical records that refer to the antecedents of the modern Kurds.
	toshare.dynup.net /en/Kurdish_people.htm (3615 words)

	Mannaeans - ENCYCLOPEDIA - The History Channel UK
		Mannaeans - ENCYCLOPEDIA - The History Channel UK or LOGIN
		Mannaeans, ancient people of Asia Minor, occupying the region E of Assyria and SE of Urartu, in present-day NW Iran.
		THE HISTORY CHANNEL and BIOGRAPHY are trademarks of AandE Television Networks used under license ©2004 AandE Television Networks.
	www.thehistorychannel.co.uk /site/search/search.php?word=MANNAEANS&enc=30105 (211 words)

	Azerbaijan.
		In order to understand the events taking place in the country today, a brief discussion of the most important stages in the history of the country and its people is needed.
		The first, embryonic forms of state in the territory of what is now Azerbaijan were the tribal unions living in the south of the country of the Mannaeans, and subsequently of the Medes.
		The first stable state in the territory of Azerbaijan was Mana (the biblical Mannai).
	home.swipnet.se /%7Ew-10652/azerbaijan1.html (4352 words)

	Swaratoka
		None, however, was to match, and in fact surpass the Mittanis as the Medians.
		The rise of the Medes from their capital at Ecbatana (modern Hamadan) in 727 coincided with the fall of the last major Hurrian kingdom: the Mannaeans.
		Ignoring the proud legacy of the Hurrian states and even the Aryan empire of the Mittanis which can squarely be claimed by on every ground by modern Kurds, it is the Medes that the Kurds have grown most fund of.
	meltingpot.fortunecity.com /austria/898/koerdistan.html (6186 words)

	Azerbaijanis - TheBestLinks.com - Azeris, Germany, Jew, Kazakhstan, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		With them Polybius, Strabo and Pliny mention the Anariaci, whom they consider as a particular tribe; but in reality their name, the Non-Aryans, is the comprehensive designation of all these small tribes.....
		Richard N. Frye states the following regarding the ethnic composition of Media: "in Azerbaijan (Media) the Medes were in contact with a settled majority of non-Indo European (non-Iranian) speakers represented by the Urartians, Mannaeans, Hurrians etc..possibly related to the peoples speaking "Japhetic" (Ural-Altaic) languages also spoken in the Caucasus (northern Azerbaijan, Albania).
		Frye also states that "The land around the Lake of Urmia, the center of (southern) Azerbaijan, perhaps provided the richest conditions for a livelihood...here the population has been important and active since antiquity...armies marched over these routes as did migrating tribes...in the past as today, Azerbaijan was never an Iranian land."
	www.thebestlinks.com /Azeris.html (922 words)

	Art/Auctions: The Surena Collection of Ancient Near Eastern Cylinder Seals at Christie's, June 11, 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		We are left to guess what would have been on the empty spaces of this unfinished seal, and no doubt a deity would have been depicted, probably a deity for which the stag was a sacred symbol.
		The area of origin can only be guessed, but there is reason to suspect that Northwest Iran is the area, and one of the kingdoms there, such as the Mannaeans, might have been the source of this fine art."
		Given the incredibly high prices of some contemporary art, however, antiquities have long been overdue for major market revaluations.
	www.thecityreview.com /s01cants.html (1804 words)

	Origin by Yair Davidiy chapter six
		The Assyrian Empire at that stage was troubled by rebellious Medes, Mannaeans, Cimmerians, and others.
		The Scythians from allies of the Assyrians progressed to hold the Assyrians in some type of subservience for 28 years.
		About two years later, in 614, the Medes began to besiege Nineveh, the Assyrian capital.
	www.britam.org /originsix.html (4231 words)

	Cimmerians, Scythians, and Israel by Yair Davidiy
		garrisoned with Assyrian and Mannaean troops whom Kristensen claims had in
		A certain Daiaukku, the Mannaean governor had previously been
		Meanwhile, Mannaeans and Cimmerians invade Urartu and capture Urartian
	www.britam.org /cimmerians-scythians.html (2862 words)

	7 Festivals Book: Feast of First Fruits
		Medes began to besiege Nineveh, the Assyrian capital.
		were supported by part of the Mannaeans and by Egypt.
		Scythians seemed more inclined to support Assyria versus her besiegers
	www.hebroots.org /hebrootsarchive/0005/000527_i.html (2970 words)

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