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Topic: Mannar

	Travel Sri Lanka - Towns - Mannar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Mannar Island, about 130 sq km in area, juts out into the Palk Straits towards India like a claw, creating a Gulf that is named after it.
		Sightings by European sailors of dugongs in the Gulf of Mannar in the 16th and 17th centuries no doubt strengthened the already widespread mermaid legend in the West.
		Several kilometres south of Mannar Island in the Gulf of Mannar lie the celebrated Pearl Banks, the location of one of the most famous pearl-fisheries in history.
	www.travelsrilanka.com /travel/towns/mannar/index.php (469 words)

	TamilNet: 29.09.03 Catholic shrine demolished, Mannar tense (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Mannar town was tense Monday following the demolition of a catholic shrine in Erukkalampiddi, a Muslim village in the western part of the Mannar Island.
		Officials from the Mannar District Secretariat, the Liberation Tigers and officers from the Sri Lanka army and Police were engaged in talks to defuse the situation amid a sit in protest in the town by more than a thousand catholic fishermen from Pallimunai, a coastal suburb of Mannar town, who had built the shrine.
		Mannar GA and the Bishop of Mannar spoke to the protesting Pallimunai fishermen around noon to defuse the escalating tensions.
	www.tamilnet.com /art.html?artid=9990&catid=13 (531 words)

	TamilNet: 02.05.01 Fear rules Mannar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Mannar citizens' receive threatening calls daily by persons who demand to know the whereabouts of Sivamani and Wijikala, the two women who were tortured and raped allegedly by personnel of the Mannar Counter Subversive Unit on 19 March.
		A.S.M Faszmi, the Mannar journalist who has regularly reported human rights abuses in the district, was subjected to interrogation and harassment by the Sri Lanka Army intelligence in the town.
		The Mannar Bishop too echoed the same sentiments, referring to the persistent references in sections of the Sinhala and English press in Colombo.
	www.tamilnet.com /art.html?catid=13&rid=2001050201 (613 words)

	Gulf of Mannar -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		It is bounded to the northeast by Rameswaram (island), Adam's (Rama's) Bridge (a chain of shoals), and Mannar Island.
		The bridge is 30 miles (48 km) long and separates the Gulf of Mannar (southwest) from the Palk Strait (northeast).
		The town lies on the Gulf of Mannar, east of Tirunelveli, to which it is connected by road and rail.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9050574?tocId=9050574 (934 words)

	Welcome to UTHRJ, Sri Lanka : Bulletin No.25
		On the 28th officials from Police HQ arrived in Mannar, and according to the Press, the whole CSU unit was transferred on the 30th.
		However, after the women were taken to the doctor on the 22nd March, the public in Mannar had come to know that the women had been tortured and this is confirmed by the SP meeting the women on the 24th.
		Moreover, in Mannar, where the security forces enjoy so much unchecked power, the doctor is obliged to get permission from them to travel to Colombo, and if he does not behave himself, he can be harassed on the way.
	www.uthr.org /bulletins/bul25.htm (12801 words)

	The Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve is the first marine biosphere reserve in Asia, located in the Southern part of the Bay of Bengal.
		The Gulf of Mannar is the biologically richest coastal region in India with 3,600 species of plants and animals known to live within its boundaries.
		In the Gulf of Mannar you can still see the globally endangered dugong, several species of dolphins and whales and three species of endangered sea turtles.
	www.greenpeace.org /india/news/conservation-of-marine-life-an/the-gulf-of-mannar-biosphere-r (1017 words)

	ReliefWeb » Professional Resources » Vacancies
		Cordaid supports Mannar Base Hospital since 1997.Mannar Base Hospital is the Referral hospital of the Mannar district and as such the most important medical Facility in the district.
		The population in the Mannar district is for almost 100% of Tamil origin.
		Mannar is a small very isolated city, and situated nearby the sea.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/res.nsf/AllDocsByUNID/66b85736c2f722bd85256cae006ed325 (628 words)

	"Tiger flag is Tamil nation’s flag" — Mannar Bishop
		Rayappu Joseph, addressing a rally in Mannar town Tuesday to condemn the killing of LTTE political leader, Mr.
		Mannar town shut down Tuesday in response to a call by the Federation of Mannar Public Organizations which organized the protest march and rally.
		A memorandum was submitted by the Federation of Mannar Public Organizations to the Sri Lanka Monitoring Mission in Mannar town.
	www.tamileelamnews.com /news/publish/tns_3951.shtml (273 words)

	Ecologists' anguish
		The Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Bay are akin to large lagoons, undisturbed by ship traffic because of their shallow waters.
		The Gulf of Mannar alone boasts 3,268 species of flora and fauna, including 377 species that are endemic to the region.
		They migrate from the Gulf of Mannar to the Palk Bay during the southwest monsoon when the sea in the Gulf becomes rough, and it would be difficult for the dugongs to feed on sea grass.
	www.flonnet.com /fl2201/stories/20050114005002600.htm (1029 words)

	Management of Coral Reefs in Gulf of Mannar using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques — with Reference to Coastal ...
		Gulf of Mannar, extends from Tuticorin to Rameswaram Island in the SW-NE direction, lies between 78º 5’ & 79º30’ E longitudes and 8º47’ & 9º15’ N latitudes, to a length of about 140 km.
		The coral reefs of Tuticorin group of Islands in Gulf of Mannar have been damaged due to the discharge of effluents from petrochemical and other industries along the coast, and fly ash discharges from thermal plants (Ramanujam and Mukesh 1998).
		Anjali Bahuguna and Nayak (1998) have mapped the coral reefs of Gulf of Kachchh, Lakshadweep, Palk Bay, Gulf of Mannar and Andaman and Nicobar Islands using IRS and SPOT satellite data.
	www.gisdevelopment.net /application/nrm/coastal/mnm/nrmmm008.htm (996 words)

	Sri Lanka - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		New elections were held on April 2 and the new parliament convened on April 23.
		The island of Sri Lanka, formerly Ceylon, lies within the Indian Ocean, with the Bay of Bengal to the northeast, separated from the Indian subcontinent by the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait.
		Adam's Bridge, a land connection to the Indian mainland that according to Hindu mythology was constructed during the rule of Rama, is now mostly submerged with only a chain of limestone shoals remaining above sea level.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Sri_Lanka (1535 words)

	Mannar District
		Mannar District is situated in the North-Western part of Sri Lanka.
		The saying says that there was a palace built on an elevated heap of of 50 ft in height and the height of the palace has been 100 ft. It is told that there was a Queen called Pechiyamma married to a lord and lived here.
		In Mannar District we have two Zonal Education Offices (Mannar and Madhu).The schools that come under the three Divisional secretariats are managed by the Zonal Education Department of Mannar.
	www.britishcouncil.lk /kidsintouch/mannar/page2.htm (453 words)

	Tsunami News for Mannar, Sri Lanka
		...east coast, connecting the Gulf of Mannar with the Palk Bay, despite fears expressed by geologists and environmentalists in the wake of the tsunami disaster, a...
		districts of Jaffna, Mullaitivu, Killinochchi, Vavuniya, Mannar, Kalmunai, Amparai...
		Meanwhile, it is reported that the Bishops of Jaffna, Mannar and Trincomalee have...
	danger.mongabay.com /earthquake/2004/Mannar.html (802 words)

	ICSF - International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Fishermen in Mannar, north Sri Lanka Monday temporarily gave up their protest against Indian poaching after Maj. Gen.
		A conference to discuss Indian poaching was held Monday at the Bishop House in Mannar.
		Mannar fishermen were represented at the conference by Mr.
	www.icsf.net /jsp/english/externalnews/newsDetails.jsp?id=16677 (168 words)

	Eco Focus - ECOCLUB, International Ecotourism Monthly, Issue 59, April 2004
		The Gulf of Mannar (GOM) is in Tamilnadu, in South India, between India and Sri Lanka.
		The Indian Government declared the Gulf of Mannar as a National Marine Park in 1989, while in 2001 GOM was designated a Unesco Biosphere Reserve.
		However, the Mannar coast is also home to some of the poorest villages in Tamil Nadu, with high unemployment and indebtedness with literacy levels as low as 30%.
	ecoclub.com /news/059/ecofocus.html (617 words)

	LankaWeb news (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Police sources said the three businessmen, Thiruwanawukarusu Mahesan, Fransis Alphonso and a leading member of the Mannar toddy association who were kidnapped by the terrorists used to bribe the terrorists frequently up until last year.
		The motive for the kidnapping is believed to be the non-payment of bribes to the terrorists for one year.
		The businessmen are believed to be held by the LTTE in an uncleared area of Mannar, according to the information received by the Mannar police.
	www.lankaweb.com /news/items/240999-1.html (156 words)

	Welcome to UTHRJ, Sri Lanka : Bulletin No.21
		Mannar Hospital which caters to large populations, many of them refugees, who have gone through fifteen years of immense hardship, remains about the most neglected base hospital in the country.
		The Mannar Magistrate Illancheliyan who visited the scene with Liyannarachchi, OIC Mannar Police, is said to have found boot marks pointing to the Army.
		After a delay of several hours the Mannar Pass office told Ganesh in the afternoon that because his residence pass was from the Vavuniya rather than the Mannar brigade, he must go to Vavuniya and apply for his Colombo travel pass.
	www.uthr.org /bulletins/bul21.htm (12274 words)

	LTTE Peace Secretariat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A large cutout of the Tamil National Leader was carried by the people in the front of each rally followed by others carrying smaller portraits of the Leader.
		The Pongu Thamil declaration was readout from the stage while the Secretary of the Mannar District University Students union, Mr.Reagen presided over the stage programs.
		Hence, a provision was included in the ceasefire agreement that in order to restore the normalcy the forces should vacate the houses of the Tamil people, schools, places of worship and public buildings.
	www.lttepeacesecretariat.com /mainpages/n1610.htm (398 words)

	Notes from the Field: Mannar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Mannar is the island off the northwestern coast of Sri Lanka.
		It is the first and largest of a string of islands, islets, sand bars and stretches of open water that connects Sri Lanka with the sub-continent of India.
		(Mannar is a heavily Catholic area.) The activities went until 2:00 in the morning.
	www.commonway.org /CWIJOURNAL9-17.html (1200 words)

	[No title]
		Summary: The Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve is located in Southern India’s Gulf of Mannar with a core area known as the Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park that is comprised of 21 islands from between one and four kilometers offshore along 160 kilometers of coastline.
		The overall objective of this project is to conserve the Gulf of Mannar’s globally significant assemblage of coastal biodiversity and to demonstrate, in a large biosphere reserve with various multiple uses, how to integrate biodiversity conservation into coastal zone management plans.
		The Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park (hereafter referred to as the Park) comprises the core area of the Reserve and is made-up of 21 uninhabited islands ranging in size from 0.25 ha to 130 ha and lying between one and four km offshore, surrounded by shallow waters.
	www.gefweb.org /wprogram/May99/Bio/India_1.doc (18140 words)

	TamilGuardian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Faszmi, the Mannar journalist who first reported of the arrest and subsequent rape and torture of the women, has been subjected to interrogation and harassment by the Sri Lanka Army intelligence in the town.
		The Mannar Citizens’ Committee, which began campaigning on behalf of the women as soon as the assault came to light, promptly begun receive threatening calls demanding to know the women’s whereabouts.
		Although the attacks took place in Mannar and the men were based at the local police station at the time, the indictments against them were filed in a court in Anuradhapura, forcing the victims and witnesses to travel to the central town from the western coast if they wished to proceed with the charges.
	www.tamilguardian.com /beta/news_details.asp?newsid=244 (854 words)

	The Hindu : Temple for Kethu dedicated to Siva at Mannar
		THIRUKETHEESWARAM IS an ancient temple in Manthottamam, in Mannar District, about seven miles north of the Mannar Town.
		This temple dedicated to the worship of the Supreme God Siva has been the most venerated for centuries and the holy waters of the Palavi Tank by its side are venerated in the sacred hymns of two great Saivite saints, Thirugnana Sambandhar and Sundarar, who lived in the 7th and 8th Centuries respectively.
		This great temple was completely destroyed by the Portuguese in the 16th Century and the stones from here were used to build the Fort at Mannar, the churches and also the Hammershield Fort at Kayts.
	www.hindu.com /thehindu/fr/2002/12/06/stories/2002120601140600.htm (837 words)

	To the attention of the " INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY " and the Sri Lankan government (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In particular the cases on the incidents of Rajani and Kandavil Koneswari of Batticaloa and the rape and murder of kamalita of Mannar, have not been taken up for hearing even after years.
		Mannar residents say that there had been several incidents in Mannar similar to the two young women who were raped and tortured but not revealed because of modesty and fear.
		At the same time while the political parties, religious organizations and human rights organizations have protested to the Mannar atrocity, the organizations which are existing for the purpose protecting womens rights have not taken any action to condemn the Mannar sexual torture.
	www.news.tamilcanadian.com /news/2001/04/20010405_1.shtml (426 words)

	TC: Humanrights - Rape (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Mannar Acting Magistrate, Caius Feldano, remanded yesterday two Sri Lankan Army personnel in connection with the rape and murder of a 21-year-old Tamil woman, Ida Hamalitta, in Pallimunai in north western Mannar on 11 July, last year.
		A young girl, identified as Kandhaiah Amudha of Vidaththalthivu in Mannar, who was allegedly raped by a Sri Lankan Police intelligence operative in vavuniya town yesterday retracted her statement to the Police this afternoon.
		The coach was driven to a lonely spot on the Mannar Road, where the women and children were chased into the jungle, and the men were shot at as they attempted to flee.
	www.tamilcanadian.com /eelam/hrights/html/Rape.html (3530 words)

	BBCSinhala.com
		SLMM spokesman Jon Oskar Solnes speaking to BBC Sandeshaya from Colombo on Thursday said that the monitors in Mannar have been advised to stay indoors until the Sri Lankan Army as well the Tamil Tigers assure secure conditions to monitor the situation.
		In a statement on the tension in Mannar the SLA says that "Police were compelled to use tear gas to bring the situation under control" as "a group of about 100 people armed with axes, iron bars, clubs etc. had tried to hoist the LTTE flag" in the Mannar main bus stand.
		On Wednesday an LTTE flag removed in Mannar by the SLA was later returned on a platter.
	www.bbc.co.uk /sinhala/news/story/2004/11/041125_flag_toube_mannar.shtml (347 words)

	The Hindu : TULF for probe into Mannar rape incident
		The Mannar District Medical Officer has confirmed rape in the case of one of the women.
		Students of the Eastern University in Batticaloa held a protest march last Friday demanding that the culprits be punished.
		In a statement on Saturday, the Bishop of Mannar, Rev Rayappu Joseph, listed several cases of alleged human rights abuses by the Navy in the district, and said such behaviour by the security forces was ``counter-productive'' when peace moves were under way.
	www.hinduonnet.com /2001/04/03/stories/03030009.htm (343 words)

	Tiruketeeswaram Temple, Sri Lanka
		With the silting up of the Gulf of Mannar by Manal Aar (Malwattu Oya), and the discovery of the mariner's compass which made navigation in mid-ocean possible, the fortunes of Matoddam as a sea port declined (and was never regained).
		Finally, with the advent of the Portuguese in Mannar and the consequent warfare, all pujas terminated at Tiruketeeswaram Temple in 1589.
		The Portuguese Governor was seen supervising the transport of the temple stones for building the Mannar Fort.
	kataragama.org /sacred/tiruketeeswaram.htm (649 words)

	Madnmoiselle CASPER: Young mother stripped, tortured by Mannar CSU - InfoLanka Forum
		A young mother arrested by the Counter Subversive Unit (CSU) of the Mannar Police Monday night was stripped naked, assaulted and tortured by five men in her cell, sources said.
		The young woman, Sivamani Weerakon, was arrested from the Aasika Lodge in Uppukkulam, a suburb of the Mannar town.
		Young women who come to Mannar town from the Vanni are frequently subjected to harassment and, when arrested, to torture by the CSU, a human rights activist in Mannar said.
	www.infolanka.com /ubb/Forum1/HTML/003151.html (266 words)

	OilOnline - The Original Online Source for the Oil Industry
		With newly acquired seismic data serving to dispel earlier suggestions that the Gulf of Mannar basin was devoid of rift basin architecture, the Sri Lankan government is gearing up for petroleum exploration of its offshore areas for the first time in almost 20 years.
		It was this interest in pursuing PH 9-1 lookalikes in the nearby shallow waters of the Sri Lankan Cauvery basin that focused attention away from the comparatively much deeper water setting of the Gulf of Mannar basin.
		The previously-undescribed Gulf of Mannar basin developed during at least two periods of rifting and associated continental breakup, as part of the multiphase fragmentation of Gondwanna during the Mesozoic.
	www.oilonline.com /news/features/aog/20020426.Offshore.8647.asp (1430 words)

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