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Topic: Manned Maneuvering Unit

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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Manned Maneuvering Unit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Gaseous nitrogen was used as the propellant for the MMU.
		The propulsion unit was used to retrieve two communication satellites, Westar VI and Palapa B2, that did not reach their proper orbits because of faulty propulsion modules.
		The Skylab AMU was the closest to the Shuttle MMU, but was not used outside of the spacecraft because the EVAs were conducted with the astronauts attached to life support umbilicals, and to prevent damage to the delicate solar arrays on the Apollo Telescope Mount.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Manned-Maneuvering-Unit (2589 words)

	Manned Maneuvering Unit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		An MMU is a jetpack (propulsion backpack that snaps onto the back of spacesuit) which has been used on spacewalks EVAs) from NASA 's space shuttle allowing an astronaut to move independently from the shuttle.
		When carried space the MMU was stowed in a station attached to the wall of the bay near the airlock hatch.
		The MMU was used on three Shuttle in 1984.
	www.freeglossary.com /Manned_Maneuvering_Unit (650 words)

	Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU)
		The MMU allows an astronaut to work outside without a tether up to 100 meters away from the Orbiter and is designed to provide EVA support for as much as six hours at a stretch.
		The MMU weighs 140 kg and is propelled by nitrogen gas fed to 24 thruster jets.
		The MMU was first tested in space by Bruce McCandless in 1994.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/M/MMU.html (182 words)

	Manned Maneuvering Unit
		An MMU is a jetpack (propulsion backpack that snaps onto the back of the spacesuit) which has been used on spacewalks (EVAs) from NASA's space shuttle, allowing an astronaut to move independently from the shuttle.
		Two months later during mission STS-41-C, astronauts James van Hoften and George Nelson used the MMU to capture the Solar Maximum mission satellite and to bring it into the orbiter's payload bay for repairs and servicing.
		The propulsion unit was used to retrieve two communication satellites, Westar VI and Palapa-B2, that did not reach their proper orbits because of faulty propulsion modules.
	en.mcfly.org /Manned_Maneuvering_Unit (559 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Bruce McCandless II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Captain Bruce McCandless II (born June 8, 1937 in Boston, Massachusetts) is a former naval aviator with the United States Navy and NASA astronaut.
		The United States Navy (USN) is the branch of the United States armed forces responsible for naval operations.
		He was a co-investigator on the M-509 astronaut maneuvering unit experiment which was flown in the Skylab Program, and collaborated on the development of the Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU) used during Shuttle EVAs.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Bruce-McCandless-II (2993 words)

	NASA Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU) Patch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The manned maneuvering unit (MMU) is a one-man, nitrogen-propelled backpack that latches to the astronaut's space suit.
		The MMU propellant is gaseous nitrogen which is stored under high pressure and can be recharged from the orbiter.
		The MMU weighs 310 pounds and includes a 35-mm still photo camera that is operated by the astronaut while working in space.
	www.galacticvoyager.com /pat/mmu (144 words)

	More Favored than the Birds The Manned Maneuvering Unit in Space
		All earlier maneuvering units had been designed for experimental missions, that is to test the technology, but with the reusable Space Shuttle NASA introduced an operational, mission-oriented maneuvering unit —the award-winning manned maneuvering unit (MMU).
		Although maneuvering units were not specifically a part of Project Mercury, the possibilities of maneuvering in space were explored concurrent with the Mercury flights.
		The failure was later attributed not to the MMU but to the trunnion pin attachment device mounted on the arms of Nelson's MMU, in front of him; this device was supposed to lock onto a trunnion on the satellite.
	history.nasa.gov /SP-4219/Chapter13.html (12065 words)

	manned (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Manned Mission To Mars: Manned Mars Vehicle System Final Report An analysis of the viability of a potential manned mission to Mars.
		Manned Orbiting Laboratory - The Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) was part of the United States Air Force's manned spaceflight program, a successor to the cancelled X-20 Dyna-So...
		Manned Maneuvering Unit - MMU is an acronym meaning Manned Maneuvering Unit.
	www.serebella.com /search/topic-manned.html (614 words)

	The Tech Museum of Innovation \| Exhibits \| Current Exhibits \| Exploration Gallery \| Destination: Space (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Maneuver a recreation of a "Manned Maneuvering Unit" or MMUfor extra-vehicular walks in space.
		Our MMU is a chair that rides on a cushion of air, simulating the effects that an astronaut encounters in space.
		Here at The Tech, your mission is to earn as many points as you can by maneuvering the MMU simulator to a series of overhead targets within the time allotted.
	www.thetech.org /exhibits/permanent/index.php?sGalKey=dsp&galKey=ex (278 words)

	NASA Quest > Space Team Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Controls for the unit were placed at the ends of "arm rests." To move, the astronaut worked rotational and translational hand controls.
		The AMU led to the MMU or manned maneuvering unit for use during early Space Shuttle flights.
		The MMU controller arms were folded for storage, but when an astronaut backed into the unit and snapped the life-support system into place, the arms were unfolded.
	quest.arc.nasa.gov /space/teachers/suited/6work.html (2101 words)

	Manned Maneuvering Unit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The manned maneuvering unit is a one-man propulsion backpack that snaps onto the back of the space suit's portable life-support system.
		All systems on the MMU are dual redundant (if one system fails, the second system can take over completely).
		The older MMU had two hand controllers on the ends of the MMU's armrests.
	ffden-2.phys.uaf.edu /211.web.stuff/Adamczak/mmu.htm (146 words)

	Manned Maneuvering Unit Patch
		The MMU emblem has its origins in Shuttle mission STS-41B.
		This mission served as the test flight of the Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU) equipment.
		This insignia was worn on the MMU itself during STS-41B.
	www.thespacestore.com /manmanunpat.html (46 words)

	Bruce McCandless II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In the first of his two space shuttle missions he made the first untethered flight using the Manned Maneuvering Unit (pictured).
		Between December 1960 and February 1964 he was assigned to Fighter Squadron (VF-102) flying the Skyray and the F4-B Phantom II He saw duty aboard the USS Forrestal (CVA-59) and the USS Enterprise (CVN-65) including the latter's participation in the Cuban Missile Crisis.
		He was a member of the support crew for the Apollo 14 mission and was backup pilot for first manned Skylab mission (SL-1/SL-2).
	www.freeglossary.com /Bruce_McCandless_II (843 words)

	NASA SPACESUITS PAGE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The PLSS consists of a backpack unit permanently mounted to the hard upper torso of the suit and a control-and-display unit mounted on the suit chest.
		The unit also cools and circulates water used in the liquid cooling ventilation garment controls ventilation gas temperature, absorbs carbon dioxide, and removes odors from the suit atmosphere.
		The manned maneuvering unit (MMU) is a one-man, nitrogen-propelled backpack that latches to the EMU spacesuit's PLSS.
	www.jsc.nasa.gov /er/seh/suitnasa.html (2493 words)

	GPN-2000-001156 - "Backpacking"
		This space first was made possible by the Manned Manuevering Unit or MMU, a nitrogen jet propelled backpack.
		After a series of test maneuvers inside and above Challenger's payload bay, McCandless went "free-flying" to a distance of 320 feet away from the Orbiter.
		The MMU is controled by joy sticks positioned at the end of the arm rests.
	grin.hq.nasa.gov /ABSTRACTS/GPN-2000-001156.html (145 words)

	NASA Quest > Space Team Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Spacesuits were first used by the U.S. manned space flight program for EVAs during the Gemini missions.
		Maneuvering for traveling beyond the Shuttle can be added by fitting a gasjet-propelled Manned Maneuvering Unit over the EMU's primary life support system.
		Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU) - Backpack propulsion unit worn by astronauts for maneuvering in space.
	quest.nasa.gov /space/teachers/liftoff/eva.html (1996 words)

	Bruce McCandless (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		He was assigned to Fighter Squadron 102 (VF-102) from December 1960 to February 1964, flyingthe Skyray and the F4-B Phantom II, and he saw duty aboard the USS Forrestal (CVA-59) and the USS Enterprise (CVN-65), including the latter'sparticipation in the Cuban blockade.
		He was a member of the astronaut supportcrew for the Apollo 14 mission and was backup pilot for the first manned Skylab mission (SL-1/SL-2).
		He was a co-investigator on the M-509 astronaut maneuvering unit experiment which wasflown in the Skylab Program, and collaborated on the development of the Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU) used during Shuttle EVAs.
	www.therfcc.org /bruce-mccandless-172101.html (796 words)

	NASA EVA Space Suit with attached MMU
		The MMU is a one-man, nitrogen propelled backpack that attaches to the back of the astronaut's space suit.
		The MMU propellant is gaseous nitrogen which is stored under high pressure and can be recharged from the space shuttle.
		The shuttle MMU Manned Maneuvering Unit was originally designed for maneuvering untethered from the shuttle and allows crew members to move as far as 300 feet from the orbiter.
	www.hightechscience.org /eva_mmu_space_suit.htm (322 words)

	Space Camp Activities-Effects on Eye Conditions
		This unit simulates a manned maneuvering unit operating in the micro-gravity of space.
		This unit simulates a tumble spin experience during reentry into the earth's atmosphere.
		This unit simulates the rapid acceleration of a rocket escaping earth's gravity.
	www.tsbvi.edu /space/eye.html (1399 words)

	McCandless, Bruce II (1937-)
		Selected by NASA as one of 19 new astronauts in April 1966, McCandless was appointed a member of the astronaut support crew for the Apollo 14 mission and backup pilot for Skylab 2.
		McCandless was a mission specialist on the tenth Shuttle flight (STS 41-B), on Feb. 3, 1984, during which the MMU and the Manipulator Foot Restraint were tested in space for the first time.
		The eight-day orbital flight of Challenger culminated in the first landing on the runway at the Kennedy Space Center on Feb. 11, 1984.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/M/McCandless.html (229 words)

	NASAexplores 9-12 Article: A SAFER Way To Space Walk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Another maneuvering unit was developed for the Gemini program, but was never used during an EVA.
		Among them were “jet shoes,” a foot-controlled maneuvering unit designed to leave the astronaut’s hands free.
		The MMU was used a total of nine times on three Space Shuttle missions in 1984, but has not been used since.
	www.nasaexplores.com /show2_912a.php?id=03-050&gl=912 (954 words)

	Bruce McCandless II - InformationBlast
		EDUCATION: Graduate of Woodrow Wilson Senior High School, Long Beach, California; received a bachelor of science degree from the United States Naval Academy in 1958, a master of science degree in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University in 1965, and a masters degree in Business Administration from the University of Houston at Clear Lake in 1987.
		He was assigned to Fighter Squadron 102 (VF-102) from December 1960 to February 1964, flying the Skyray and the F4-B Phantom II, and he saw duty aboard the USS Forrestal (CVA-59) and the USS Enterprise (CVN-65), including the latter's participation in the Cuban blockade.
		McCandless made the first, untethered, free flight on each of the two MMU's carried on board and alternated with Stewart in the activities constituting two spectacular extravehicular activities (EVAS).
	www.informationblast.com /Bruce_McCandless_II.html (847 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Spacesuits Work"
		NASA has also developed some gas-powered rocket maneuvering devices to allow astronauts to move freely in space without being tethered to the spacecraft.
		One such device, which was called the Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), was basically a gas-thruster powered chair with a joystick control.
		Astronaut Bruce McCandless II floated freely in space while testing the Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU) during an early shuttle flight.
	science.howstuffworks.com /space-suit2.htm (962 words)

	Bruce McCandless II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pictured in this prolific photo, McCandless helped develop the MMU and was first to test it on STS-41-B in 1984
		He saw duty aboard USS Forrestal and Enterprise, including the latter's participation in the Cuban Missile Crisis.
		For three months in early 1964, he was an instrument flight instructor in Attack Squadron 43 (VA-43) at Naval Air StationNAS Oceana, and then reported to the Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps Unit at Stanford University for graduate studies in electrical engineering.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bruce_McCandless_II (699 words)

	Photos of outdoor Displays (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		For moving around in space the astronauts use a jet-propelled backpack called the MMU or Manned Maneuvering Unit.
		It is a kind of flying chair, propelled by sets of 24 tiny thrusters, which spurt out jets of compressed nitrogen gas.
		On February 3, 1984 Bruce McCandless made the first space walk with the MMU 300 ft. away from the Challenger.
	www.zianet.com /spacemurals/outdoor6.htm (60 words)

	MMU - Memory Management Unit
		Memory Management Unit, translates virtual to physical addresses and provides access permission control.
		Astronauts on board a NASA space shuttle can strap on this large rocket backpack and maneuver during a spacewalk (officially known as an Extra Vehicular Activity) instead of remaining tethered to the shuttle or to the Canadarm.
		Usually, the virtual addresses are mapped to physical addresses, but each system is different.
	www.auditmypc.com /acronym/MMU.asp (171 words)

	collectSPACE - news - "Smithsonian opens space history hangar"
		In total, the MMU was used by six astronauts on three missions, the latter two to facilitate the capture and repair of satellites.
		To maneuver, controls were located at the end of the device's two arms, which in turn could be adjusted to fit different astronauts' reaches.
		The MMU is displayed at an angle reminiscent of a pose captured of McCandless flying detached, over the Earth's horizon.
	www.collectspace.com /news/news-102004a.html (1019 words)

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